1.1 Flashcards
Confucianism
philosophical belief system that emphasized: Patriarchy, Filial Piety, education
Patriarchy
male leadership and respect
Filial Piety
respect for elders
Imperial Bureaucracy
appointed officials enforced/carried out the policies of the empire
Civil service exam
Confucian style government exam required to pass to gain offiice
Champa rice
fast ripening, drought resistant rice from vietnam that grew the population (change)
Grand Canal
man-made water system that connected parts of China (Continuity)
Silk Road
Eurasian trade routes active from the second century BCE until the mid-15th century.
Zen Buddhism
Buddhism that adapted a doaist principle: meditation
Neo-Confucianism
combinatioon of buddhism and confucianism
Foot binding
upper class women did to show submission and wealth
China’s impact on Korea
Korea paid tribute to chinese emporer
traded luxery items with china
Decreased womens rights by practicing confucianism
China’s impact on Japan
Japan chose what was borrowed from china due to sea of Japan
Japanese aristocrat made missions to china to learn culture
encouraged confuciaism and buddhism
adopted chinese court, calender, taxes, law, and gov mimistries
women escaped confuscian principles had freedoms
China’s impact on Vietnam
culture borrow from china
adopted confucianism, doaism, exam system, and art styles
women in vietnam had more rights
femaile dieties
had theur own writing sytstem and language
Abbasid Caliphate
Muslim empire that stretched from Egypt to border of India
Seljuk Empire
Seljuks: nomadic muslims from central asia who conqured arabian penisula from abbasid
Mamluk Empire
Mamluks: enslaved soilders who were buerocrats and violently overthrew the Abbasid caliphate
grew strong by trading cotton between ilsamic world and europe
Sharia law
a code for living that all Muslims should adhere to, including prayers, fasting and donations to the poor.
Madrassas
islamic universities
Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
Muslim scholar who pioneered trigonometry and charted panetary movement
House of Wisdom
center of Muslim learning in Baghdad
Islam and the rights of women
in spirtual life men and women were eqaul but in social life women were seen as inferior and subordinate
Female infanticide was forbidden
could control property and doweries, and inheritance rights
divorce was possible
could not have multiple husbands
sufi practices gave greater roles for women
hadiths
traditions based on the sayings of mohammad
Al-Andalus
muslim controlled spain(warefare)
what caused the spread of islam across Africa and the MIddle East
warefare, trade, and sufis
Muslim, Indian, and Chinese knowledge spread through…
Al-Andalus
Therevada buddhism
strict personal adherence to the eight fold path to enter nirvana
Mahayana Buddhism
Focuses less on personal works and more on the grace of bodhisattvas, spiritual guides, help believer reach nirvana
Bhakti Movement (Hinduism)
emphasized the importance of emotion rather than studying hindu texts, devotion to an indivisual diety, did not discriminate against women or people in a low caste
Hinduism
worships Brahama, pratices Dharma: religios duties, gets Karma in reward, samsura is the re-birth cycle that requires a certain amount of karma to escape, mokasha is the end goal to escape cycle of rebirth and become one with Brahama
Caste system
four-leveled rigid social structure of hinduism based on level of karma, professionor tradw with little ability for social movement
Qutub Minar
an elaborate mosque on top of a hindu temple that represent a blend of hindu and muslim architechture
Vijayanagara Empire
“victorious city” that relied on hinudism and indian ocean trade to maintain power
Rajput KIngdoms
Small hindu kingdoms that often wared with one another, no centalized power, leaving them exposed for muslim attack
Delhi Sultanate
Muslim kingdom the conqured most of Northern India, imposed Jizya (tax) on non-muslims
Islam entered india by…
military conflict
what lead many hindus and buddhist to convert to islam
low caste hindus coverted due to the equality they would have, buddhist coverted due to corruption in their leaders
Southeast asian kingdoms were influenced by…
indian cultural traditions
Srivijaya empire
hindu kingdom that had a strong navy and charged taxes on passing ships
Majapahit Kingdom
Buddhist kingdom based on Java(king/budda worship) that earned money by controlling sea trade
Angkor wat
a hindu and buddhist temple in the Khmer kingdom that showed off power
mississippian culture
agriculture based society that built giant earth mounds
mississippian social structure
- chief called “Great Sun” ruled each town
2. priests, nobels, and peasants
matrilineal society
social standing was based on the mother
decline of mississipian culture
flooding or weather extremes that caused crop failure or disease
chaco canyon
(innovation) people built large houses using only stone and clay
Mesa Verda
(Innovation) built multi story homes into the sides of clifs for protection using sandstone bricks
decline of Chaco canyon and Mesa Verde…
maybe do to drought of dry climate
Maya city states
(southern mexico) divided into city states and ruled by a king operating independantly, fought against eachother, paid taxes in the form of crops, kings claimed to be decendants of the gods
mayan religion and innovation
worship sun, rain, and corn dieties by offering human sacrafices
human sacrafices also showed power of gov
Mayan calender
accurate calender based on stars and use zero in their number system
mayan decline
environmental degradation or shifting trade routes
Aztec empire (central mexico)
tenochtitlan was the capital located in the center of lake texcoco for protection
theocracy
ruled by a religios leader who was the emporer and religious leader
Aztec empire had semi central control and city state were grouped into…
provinces
Aztec religion
polytheistic: conquered people were sacraficed to gods
Aztec women
women could be priestesses. midwives, and healers
Chinampas
floating gardens built to increase farmland
aztec decline
lack of tech made farming difficult
human sacrafices create resentment which turned into rebellion
Inca empire
mountainous empire located in peru
inca gov
pachacuti: tribal leader who conqured other tribes
centralized gov split into four imperial provinces each with a govener
conqured tribes had mandatory public servive or mit’a system
state owned all land and resources
quipos
knotted cords to keep written records
carpa nan
25,000 mile road and bridge system that ran through the empire and helped maintain control
terraced farming
allowed farming to occur of mountain sides
inca religion
worshipped the sun god Inti and created elaborate temples
gender parallelism
women and men operated in separate but equal spheres (male and female priests and dieties)
But men occupied top gov and religious positions
inca decline
defeated by the spanish conquistador franscisco pizarro
Sub-Saharan Africa
heavily shaped by the migration of Bantu people
Sub-Saharan African gov
Decentralized power structure based on kinship ties, where families govern themselves
Chiefs, commonly males, governed groups of families
as population grew kinship was replaced by larger kingdoms
Hausa Kingdoms
loose collection of states based on kinship ties
stregthened by trading good native to their region
benefitted from trans-Saharan trade routes
Ghana gov
muslim rulers traded gold and ivory to muslim traders for salt
king ruled centalized gov w help ofnobels and army who had iron weapons
Ghana decline
wars with neighboring states weakend ghana
Mali
developed in ghanas territory
Mali gov
muslim king Sundiata grew strong through gold trade
kingdom was closly tied with islam
Mali decline
trade routes shifted away from mali
Zimbabwe gov and economy
chiefs built zimbabwes/dwellings out of stone to show power
grew strong with gold feilds and taxing trade
traded with indian ocean and coastal cities
zimbabwe language
created new language called swahili which is a blend of arabic and bantu
Zimbabwe decline
overgrazing caused crop failure making people move
Ethiopia
Christian kingdom of Africa
Ethiopia gov and econ
rulers showed power by building 11 giant churches made of rock
saparated from rome and mde a unique form of christianity
participated twards east african slave trade
home of coffee bean
Indian ocean slave trade
prisoners of war, debtors and criminals sent to india and arabia from africa, slave ownership was a status symbol, slaves worked shipyards or sugar plantations in the middle east
Griots
storytellers who preserve history
impacts of the crusades
popes power grows
demand for asian luxeery goods simulated trade
muslim scholarship and greek learning enter europe
rift between eastern orthodox and roman catholic church
black death
killed 1/3 of europe
low supply of peasants allowed them to negotiate for more money and greater rights
little ice age
less food slowed growth and trade
rise of states like england and france
black death and little ice ags weakend feudal lords
