1.1.

Question 1

Values

Answer 1

general principles on how people should live their lives (e.g be respectful to other people)

Question 2

Norms

Answer 2

specific rules / socially accepted standards that govern peoples behaviour (e.g don’t laugh at a funeral)

Question 3

Moral code (code of ethics)

Answer 3

set of basic rules values and principles held by individuals, specific groups or society as a whole

Question 4

Deviance

Answer 4

behaviour that goes against social norms that is seen as unusual but doesn’t break any rules / laws

Question 5

Crime

Answer 5

breaking the law

Question 6

Formal sanctions

Answer 6

imposed by official bodies for breaking formal written rules / laws

Question 7

Informal sanctions

Answer 7

used when rules are not formally written down and are “unspoken”

Question 8

Positive sanctions

Answer 8

rewards for behaviour that society approves of (e.g medals and praises)

Question 9

Social control

Answer 9

ways in which society seeks to control our behaviour to ensure we conform to its norms (e.g CCTV)

Question 10

Actus reus

Answer 10

“guilty act” physical action of breaking laws

Question 11

Mens rea

Answer 11

“guilty mind” intention of breaking laws

Question 12

Strict liability

Answer 12

where the wrongful act on its own is enough to convict someone. In some cases mens rea is not needed

Question 13

Summary offences

Answer 13

less serious offences such as speeding that are tried by magistrates

Question 14

Indictable offences

Answer 14

more serious offences such as rape or murder that are tried in court before a judge and jury

Question 15

Custodial sentences

Answer 15

imposing a punishment consisting of mandatory custody of the convict

Question 16

Conditional caution

Answer 16

requires the offender to comply with conditions as an alternative prosecution

Question 17

Penalty notices for disorder

Answer 17

can be issued for minor crimes and will not get a conviction if penalties are paid

Question 18

When were homosexual acts between men decriminalised ?

Answer 18

1967 - Sexual Offences Act - over 21 years old - private

Question 19

When was homosexuality decriminalised in Scotland ?

Answer 19

1980 - over 21 years old - private

Question 20

When was homosexuality decriminalised in the Isle of Man ?

Answer 20

1994

Question 21

When was homosexuality decriminalised in Northern Ireland ?

Answer 21

1982

Question 22

when did lesbian parents receive legal recognition to conceive a child through fertility treatment ?

Answer 22

2008

Question 23

when was the first lesbian and gay pride march held ?

Answer 23

1970 - London - 2000 people

Question 24

Why was Action for Lesbian Parents founded ?

Answer 24

lesbian couples were refused custody - founded in 1975

Question 25

When was the first gay TV series ?

Answer 25

1989 - Out on Tuesdays

Question 26

What determines the length of a custodial sentence ?

Answer 26

severity of the crime

Question 27

When can prisoners serving a life sentence apply for parole ?

Answer 27

after 15 years

Question 28

Indeterminate sentences

Answer 28

sentences with no specific release date

Question 29

Some sentences that are served in the community are :

Answer 29

probation orders, curfews, anger management classes

Question 30

What three factors determine the size of a fine ?

Answer 30

seriousness of offence, repeat offence or not, offenders ability to pay

Question 31

Conditional discharge

Answer 31

the offender committing no further offence for a given period. If they commit an offence during this time, the court can impose a sentence for them

Question 32

Absolute discharge

Answer 32

the defendant is found guilty but the punishment would be inappropriate, it is not classified as a conviction

Question 33

What is a caution and when is it used by the police or CPS ?

Answer 33

warnings given by the police or Crown Prosecution Service aged 10 or over for minor crimes such as graffiti - intended for low level first time offenders.

Question 34

Conditional caution

Answer 34

offenders have to stick to certain rules or restrictions - if broken they will be charged with a crime

Question 35

Implications of committing a criminal act

Answer 35

exclusion from certain occupations, may be placed in ViSOR, may be banned from travelling to certain countries or require a special visa, may be restrictions on adoption and they may have to declare unspent convictions when obtaining insurance