1.1

Question 1

Non endospermic seed

Answer 1

Eg Phaseolus vulgaris

Cotyledons main food store, so thick and fleshy.

Embryo tends to be large.

Endosperm disintegrates and disappears so that the cotyledon forms most of seed weight.

Cotyledon cells living at maturity.

Cotyledon cells diploid

Question 2

Cotyledon

Function

Answer 2

Seed leaves in epigeal germination

Dicotyledons contain 2 cotyledons
Monocotyledons contain 1 cotyledon
Food storage function in some seeds.

Question 3

Hypogeal germination

Answer 3

Eg Vicia faba

Cotyledons remain in seed below ground

Question 4

Epigeal germination

Answer 4

Eg.Phaseolus vulgaris

Cotyledons emerge above ground, expands and becomes green to become initial photosynthesis site of seedling.

Question 5

Endosperm function

Answer 5

Nutritive tissue surrounding embryo in flowering plants.

Non endospermic - absorbed by the developing embryo

Endospermic - becomes food store that seed utilises during germination

Question 6

Embryo

Function

Answer 6

Minute, rudimentary plant.
Develops from zygote after fertilisation.
Contained within seed.
Comprises radicle, plumule and cotyledons

Question 7

Radicle

Function

Answer 7

Part of plant embryo that develops into root.

Normally first structure to emerge during germination.

Question 8

Plumule

Function

Answer 8

Rudimentary terminal bud of plant embryo which develops into shoot.

Question 9

Epicotyl

Function

Answer 9

Tissue between the plumule and the point of attachment of the cotyledons.

Question 10

Hilium

Function

Answer 10

Scar on a seed, such as bean, indicating the point of attachment of the funiculus

Question 11

Hypocotyl

Function

Answer 11

Tissue between the radicle and point of attachment of the cotyledons

Question 12

Micropyle

Function

Answer 12

Minute opening in ovule of a seed plantthrough which the pollen tube usually enters and point of entry for water which triggers germination.

Question 13

Scutellum

Function

Answer 13

Thin cotyledon of grasses that absorbs nutrients from the endosperm during germination but does not swell to become storage organ.

Supplies enzymes to breakdown the endosperm.

Question 14

Coleoptile

Function

Answer 14

Protective sheath enclosing shoot tip and embryonic leaves of grasses.

Question 15

Coleorhiza

Function

Answer 15

Protective sheath surrounding the radicle in grasses.

Question 16

Testa

Function

Answer 16

Seed coat or outer covering of seed.
Cells contain Suberin, wax which makes testa waterproof and airtight.
It may also contain germination inhibitors.

Question 17

Endospermic seed

Answer 17

Eg. Zea Mays

Endosperm main food store.
Embryo tends to be small.
Cotyledons is reduced, thin and papery.
Maybe modified to perform a protective function eg. Scutellum in grasses.
Endosperm cells dead at maturity.
Endosperm cells are triploid.