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A&P 1 - Unit 3 > 11-1. Nerve Tissue > Flashcards

11-1. Nerve Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of nerve?

A
  1. sensory (detect changes inside and outside body)
  2. integrative (interpret changes and decide how to respond)
  3. motor (respond to interpretation by muscle contraction or gland secretion)
  4. homeostasis (by sensing and responding to changes in environment, the NS allows the body to make the adjustments needed to keep a fairly constant internal environment)
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2
Q

What are the two possible responses to a nerve impulse?

A

muscle contraction or gland secretion

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3
Q

central nervous system

A

control center for the whole system

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4
Q

What organs does the CNS consist of?

A

brain and spinal cord

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5
Q

All sensations must be relayed through the ___ to be felt and acted upon.

A

CNS

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6
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

all nerves outside the CNS that connect the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body

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7
Q

What organs does the PNS consist of?

A

all nerves outside CNS

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8
Q

What are the two divisions of the PNS?

A

afferent division (input) and efferent division (output)

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9
Q

afferent division of PNS

A

input - sensory neurons carrying information from receptors into the CNS

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10
Q

efferent division of PNS

A

output - motor neurons that carry information from the CNS out to the muscles or glands that respond

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11
Q

What are the two branches of the efferent division of the PNS?

A

somatic (voluntary) and autonomic (involuntary)

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12
Q

somatic nervous system

A

efferent nerves carrying impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles - controls voluntary movements

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13
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

efferent nerves carrying impulses from CNS to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, or glands (“internal organs) - involuntary movements

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14
Q

What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A

parasympathetic and sympathetic

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15
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

“rest and repose” - conserves energy in non-stress situations (normally in control)

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16
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

“fight or flight” - mobilizes body systems during stress

17
Q

Cardiac Nerve (SANS)

A

increases heart rate

18
Q

Vagus Nerve (PANS)

A

slows down heart rate

19
Q

Which system controls voluntary movements?

A

somatic

20
Q

Which system controls involuntary movements?

A

autonomic

21
Q

Which system contains sensory neurons?

A

afferent

22
Q

Which system contains efferent neurons?

A

efferent

23
Q

neuroglia

A

“nerve glue” - supporting cells of the nervous system. Smaller than neurons but outnumber them 9 to 1 - make up about half the mass of the brain

24
Q

What types of neuroglia are found in the CNS?

A

astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependyma

25
Q

What types of neuroglia are found in the PNS?

A

Schwann and satellite cells

26
Q

What are the functions of neuroglia?

A

Do NOT send nerve impulses:

  1. form a supporting network around neurons; give shape to brain
  2. some help nourish neurons by attaching them to capillaries
  3. certain types produce a fatty, white covering around nerve fibers which increase the speed of nerve impulse conduction (myelin sheath)
  4. Some protect CNS from disease by engulfing bacteria and viruses
27
Q

neurons

A

structural unit of the nervous system, these cells conduct nerve impulses from one part of the body to another

28
Q

What are the characteristics of neurons?

A
  1. extreme longevity (with good nutrition, they can function for over 100 years)
  2. amitotic (unable to divide)
  3. high metabolic rate (need a constant supply of O2 and glucose - can’t survive for more than a few mins without O2)
29
Q

cell body

A

enlarged end containing nucleus and most of the cytoplasm

30
Q

dendrites

A

highly branched extensions of cell body; pick up incoming signals like antennae

31
Q

axon

A

single long thin process that carries nerve impulse away from cell body

32
Q

telodendria

A

many fine branches at end of axon

33
Q

synaptic knobs

A

swollen tips at end of telodendria, also called axon terminals

A&P 1 - Unit 3 (9 decks)

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