Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P Final > 11/04 > Flashcards

11/04 Flashcards

1
Q

What increases the probability of having circus movement?

A

slow conduction of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Circus movements predisposes us to

A

V-fib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which drug is fairly safe but can slow down the conduction system in the heart which makes it dangerous by predisposing the pt to V-fib

A

Lidocaine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Most common condition that can predispose the heart to a slow AP is

A

Hyperkalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Major functions of the circularity system that is the kidney?

A
  • Transporting nutrients to tissues
  • Transporting waste products away from tissues
  • Transporting hormones: signaling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Volume units?

A

some form of liter,
gallon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

velocity units?

A

distance/time
m/s
k/h

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

pressure is _____
Most of the pressure we are dealing with in the cardiovascular system is in this type of unit________

A

a force
mmHg

Pressure is how much force do I need to drive a column of mercury up by 1mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what unit of pressure do we use in the lungs?

A

cm/H20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is area in a&p?

A

size of the circle of a tube (vessel)
Could also refer to surface area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

units used to refer to blood flow

A

volume/time
mL/min
L/sec

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the most important factor that effects blood flow?

A

vascular resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

vascular resistance determines what kind of ______ we have

A

pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

If you measure the pressure between source of blood and resistance you would expect what kind of pressure?

A

high pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

If you measure the pressure downstream to the resistance in a vessel, you would expect what kind of pressure?

A

low pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pressure is used to drive ______

A

flow

i.e. brain uses CPP to drive brain blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Flow is altered or controlled by what the body is doing to _______

A

vascular resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Vascular conductance is defined by

A

how easy it is to drive some kind of flow through some kind of conduit

ease-high conductance
difficult-low conductance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Poiseuille’s Law measures ____ and takes into account other things like viscosity and/or density

A

Vascular resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

vast majority of blood is stored in

the rest of the blood is in the

A

systemic veins

higher pressure areas of the cardiovascular system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

the kidneys are in control of how much fluid we have in our body which is tied to

A

how much blood that we have.

i.e. kidneys retain fluid or get rid of fluid which changes our blood volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Why do the kidneys retain fluid?
vague answer

A

make up for some kind of deficit in blood volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

It’s okay to think of the kidney as a

A

big filter
It also is the control of the overall volume found in the cardiovascular system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

One tube connected to the end of another tube is called a system set up in _______

A

System in series

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Having multiple tubes for the blood to choose to flow through is called a system set up in _______

A

System in parallel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

which gives a lower over all resistance:
Series or Parallel?

A

parallel system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the math to find the total resistance in a series

Formula for parallel total resistance? (said we didn’t have to know until spring)

A

Rtotal=R1+R2+R3 etc.

Rtotal=1/R1 +1/R2 etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the cross sectional area of a tube?

A

The diameter of the end of a tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the cross sectional area of the aorta?

A

2.5cm2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the total cross-sectional area of the small arteries?

A

20cm2

It is so much higher than the aorta because there are a lot of them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the total cross sectional area of capillaries?

A

2500cm2

There are many many many capillaries in the body so total cross sectional area is much larger than the other types of vessels.

32
Q

Total cross sectional area is reduced as we get ______ to the heart.
Why?

A

closer

There are >capillaries>veins>aorta.
Has to do with the quantity of that type of vessel.

33
Q

If we have a lot of cross sectional area, the velocity of blood flow through any of those tubes is going to be

A

lower

There are so many of them that it has a ton of routes to choose from

34
Q

If the cross sectional area is small, blood flow is going to have a ______ velocity

A

high
All of the blood has to go through this small cross section area

35
Q

The left atrium has what kind of pressure?

A

low

36
Q

The left ventricle pressure

A

high

37
Q

BP _______as we get farther away from the________

A

decreases
heart

38
Q

What are we seeing in this graph?

A

a product of the blood having reduced pressure as it flows through a conduit that has a high resistance.

39
Q

What are our high resistance blood vessels in the systemic circulation?

A

small arteries and arterioles

40
Q

phenylephrine effects on the arteriole side of things?

A

squeezes resistance arterioles and small arteries.

If you enhance the squeeze and then measure BP in the larger artery between the heart and the “choke point” you are going to have high pressure

41
Q

If we look at the proximal side of the high resistance vessel (when giving phenylephrine) you would expect pressure to be _______

A

high

42
Q

If we look at the distal side of the high resistance vessel (when giving phenylephrine) you would expect pressure to be _______

A

low

43
Q

The main choke point or resistance vessels that determine what our BP is, are the:

A

small arteries and arterioles

44
Q

Veins don’t have much_____
They are thin walled and compliant

A

resistance

45
Q

What is the pressure gradient in veins between the end of the capillary and the right atrium?

A

10mmHg

46
Q

The kidney manages the blood flow by adjusting:

A

vascular resistance

47
Q

Why can’t we have all the pipes (blood vessels) open all the time?

A

We wouldn’t have any blood pressure

48
Q

Blood flow through any tissue is typically dictated by ________

A

metabolic rate

49
Q

High metabolic rate means you’ll need to increase _________

A

blood volume
The kidneys help manage this.

50
Q

What is laminar flow?

A

A type of flow described as: nice orderly flow
-Very efficient blood flow.
-Blood closest to the wall of the tube doesn’t go as far. The walls are the resistance and the middle blood goes farther since it is farther away from resistance.

51
Q

What type of blood flow do you want and why?

A

Laminar flow
It is efficient and doesn’t cause damage/problems

52
Q

What is turbulent flow?

A

A type of flow described as: disorderly flow/turbulent flow of blood.
-Not efficient blood flow
-Blood goes in all different directions, looks like fishhooks, twists and turns

53
Q

Turbulent flow causes what problems?

A

Remodeling of the vessels.

Things getting stuck that wouldn’t normally.
You could have Ca++ and cholesterol slammed into the vessel walls. The force of this causes them to stick in the sides of the walls
Like having your thumb over the end of the end of a garden hose, the blood coming out gets sprayed in every direction

54
Q

what causes turbulent flow?

A

Having a clot in the vessel causing a narrow opening for blood to go through

Like having your thumb over the end of the end of a garden hose, the blood coming out gets sprayed in every direction

55
Q

What does the Reynolds equation tell us?

A

The odds that turbulent flow is going to occur

56
Q

Kidneys get what percent of minute cardiac output?

A

20%
1L/min

57
Q

The kidneys are one of the few organs that gets much more______ than it actually needs. Why is this?

A

blood flow
They need the extra to be an efficient filter

58
Q

Most tissues’ blood flow is determined by the metabolic demands of that tissue. Is this the case for the kidneys?

A

The kidneys are partially controlled by their metabolic requirements and part of the blood they get is extra so that they can be efficient filters.

59
Q

How can you measure blood flow?

A

You can put an ultrasonic probe around the artery or blood vessel and look at things that way.

60
Q

What formula should you use if you’re going to determine how much blood flows through a vessel?

A

Ohms law V=IR with some swapped variables
DELTA blood pressure=blood flow X vascular resistance

61
Q

delta pressure is

A

differences in the pressures at the opposite ends of the tube

62
Q

Ohm’s law rearranged to solve for flow

A

F= DELTA Pressure/Resistance

63
Q

A very small change in blood vessel diameter can result in a very-

A

large impact on how much blood flows through that tube

constricting the vessel a little can reduce flow a lot

64
Q

Ohm’s law rearranged to solve for resistance

A

R= DELTA P/ F

65
Q

What are we saying is the blood pressure in the renal artery? (it is probably a little lower than this)
This is also about the pressure that would be in the

A

100mmHg

abdominal aorta

66
Q

What are we saying is the blood pressure in the renal vein? (to make math easy?) (it is probably a little higher than this)

A

0mmHg
(probably really about 10mmHG)

67
Q

Renal blood flow is about _____ of our cardiac output

A

20%

68
Q

Conductance is the inverse of

A

resistance

69
Q

We can think of the kidney in A&P as a

A

big ball of blood vessels that coordinate their actions to make the kidney a good filter

70
Q

Capillary starling forces are very important in determining whether

A

Fluid will move from the inside of the capillary to the outside or if fluid outside the tube will move into the tube

71
Q

(capillary hydrostatic pressure) Blood pressure at the beginning of a systemic capillary is almost always _______
Blood pressure at the end of a systemic capillary is almost always______
so delta P is ______
Delta P tells us what?
What do we have to take into consideration?

A

30mmHg
10mmHg
20mmHg
It is what drives flow through the tube from one end to the other
Whether the tube is permeable to fluid coming in or out.

72
Q

How many capillary starling forces are there?

A

4

73
Q

The inverse of vascular resistance is __________

A

vascular conductance

74
Q

If you have a cardiac output of 5L/min, what would the blood flow be in the renal vein?

A

1L/min
or
1000mL/min
(20% of cardiac output)

75
Q

Solve for resistance if your renal artery pressure is 100mmHg and your renal vein pressure is 0mmHg.

A

Renal Vascular resistance= 100mmHg-0mmHg/1000mL/min= 0.1mmHg/mL/min

76
Q

How could you solve for resistance for the entire circulation ? (SVR)

A

SVR= aorta pressure - pressure in the right atrium / CO

A&P Final (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions