10th grade final exam Flashcards
1
Q
Accent
A
the stressed portion of a word
2
Q
Allegory
A
the underlying meaning of a story that may be moral, religious, political, social, or satiric
3
Q
Alliteration
A
the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words that are close to one another
4
Q
Allusion
A
a reference to another work or famous figure assumed to be well known enough to be recognized by the reader
5
Q
Altruism
A
a selfless concern for others
6
Q
Anachronism
A
an event, custom, object, thing, or person that is out of order in time; they can be unintentional, humorous, or satiric
7
Q
Analogy
A
a comparison of two similar but different things, usually to clarify a relationship or action
8
Q
Anaphora
A
Anaphora
9
Q
Anecdote
A
a short, simple narrative of an incident
10
Q
Aphorism
A
a short, often witty statement of a principle or a truth about life
11
Q
Apostrophe
A
– usually in poetry, the device of calling out to an imaginary, dead, or absent person to a place or thing, either to begin the poem or to make a dramatic break somewhere
12
Q
Anthropomorphism
A
giving human like characteristics/qualities to animals
13
Q
Aside
A
a brief comment that an actor makes to the audience (supposedly without the other actors hearing it), used for a melodramatic or comedic effect
14
Q
Assonance
A
the repetition of vowel sounds between different consonants
15
Q
Background
A
objects, people, or a scene in the panel that gives additional information to the story
16
Q
Ballad
A
a long narrative poem that presents a single dramatic episode, which is often tragic or violent
17
Q
Folk ballad
A
usually was sung and passed down orally
18
Q
Literary ballad
A
art ballad, imitates the form and spirit of the folk ballad but is more polished and a higher level of poetic diction
19
Q
Blank verse
A
poetry written in iambic pentameter that doesn’t rhyme
20
Q
Bleed
A
in graphic novels, when an image goes to or beyond the panel
21
Q
Budings Roman
A
a coming of age story
22
Q
Burlesque
A
broad poetry, will take an entire style/form and exaggerate it into ridiculousness
23
Q
Cacophony
A
harsh, dissonant, or awkward sounds used deliberately in poetry, opposite of euphony
24
Q
Caricature
A
descriptive writing that greatly exaggerates a specific feature of appearance or a face or personality
25
Catharsis
the emotional release the audience experiences as a result of watching a tragedy
26
Chivalric code
the methods of training and standards of behavior for knights in the Middle Ages, emphasized: bravery, military skill, generosity in victory, piety, and courtesy to women
27
Chorus
in Greek drama, a group of characters who comment on the action taking place on stage
28
Classicism
the principles and styles admired in the classics of Greek and Roman literature, such as: objectivity, sensibility, restraint, formality
29
Colloquialism
a word or phrase used in everyday conversation and informal writing that is sometimes inappropriate in formal writing
30
Conceit
an elaborate figure of speech in which two seemingly different things or situations are compared
31
Consonance
the repetition of identical consonant sounds before and after different vowel words, can also be seen in some compound words
32
Conundrum
a riddle whose answer is or involves a pun, may also be a paradox or difficult situation
33
Couplet
two lines of verse, usually in the same meter and joined by rhyme, that form a unit
34
Description
the picturing in words of something or someone through detailed observation of color, motion, sound, taste, smell, and touch
35
Diction
word choice, aka: syntax
36
Discourse
spoken or written language, different modes include: description, exposition, narration, and persuasion
37
Dissonance
the grating of sounds that are harsh or do not go together
38
Elegy
a formal poem focusing on death or morality, usually beginning with the recent death of a particular person
39
Emanate
in a graphic novel it is motion that infers emotion
40
En media res
when a literary work starts out in the middle of the action
41
End rhyme
a rhyme that comes at the end of lines in poetry
42
Epic
a long narrative poem about a serious or profound subject in a dignified style, usually featuring heroic characters and deeds important in legends
43
Epic hero cycle
ordinary world, call to adventure, refusal to the call, meeting mentor, crossing the threshold, tests, allies, enemies, the approach, downfall, resurrection, defeat enemies, return
44
Epigram
a concise witty saying in poetry that either stands alone or is part of a larger work, may also refer to a short poem
45
Epigraph
statement or idea at the beginning of the book
46
Euphony
succession of harmonious sounds used in poetry, opposite of cacophony
47
Exemplum
a brief tale used in medieval times to illustrate a sermon or teach a lesson
48
Exposition
the immediate revelation to the audience of the setting and other background information necessary for understanding the plot
49
Farce
a light dramatic composition characterized by a broad satirical comedy and a highly improbable plot
50
Figurative language
language that contains figures of speech such as similes and metaphors in order to create associations that are imaginative rather than literal, contains figures of speech
51
Figures of speech
expressions such as similes, metaphors, and personifications that make imaginative rather than literal associations or comparisons
52
Foil
a character who highlights the characteristics of another character
53
Folklore
traditional stories, songs, dances, and customs that are preserved among people, usually precedes literature – passed down orally
54
Foot
the combination of stressed and unstressed syllables that make up the basic rhythmic unit
55
Anapest
two unstressed then one stressed
56
Dactyl
one stressed then two unstressed
57
Iamb
one unstressed then one stressed
58
Spondee
two stressed
59
Trochee
one stressed then one unstressed
60
Foreground
in a graphic novel it is the image that is nearest to the observer
61
Foreshadowing
the use of a hint or clue to suggest a larger event that occurs later in the work of literature
62
Free verse
poetry that is written without a regular meter, usually without rhyme
63
Genre
a type of literary work such as a novel or poem
64
Gothic
referring to a type of novel that emerged in the 18th century that uses mystery, suspense, and sensational and supernatural occurrences to evoke terror
65
Graphic weight
in graphic novels it is a term used to discuss the amount of contrast in an image
66
Hubris
the excessive pride or ambition that leads a hero to their downfall
67
Humor
anything that causes laughter or amusement
68
Hyperbole
deliberate exaggeration in order to create humor or emphasis
69
Iambic pentameter
ten lines of stressed unstressed feet
70
Idyll
a short descriptive narrative, usually a poem about an idealized country life, also called a pastoral
71
Imagery
words or phrases that use a collection of images to appeal to one or more of the five senses in order to create a mental picture
72
Interior monologue
writing that records the conversation that occurs inside a characters head
73
Internal rhyme
a rhyme occurring within a line of poetry
74
Inversion
revising the customary order of elements in a sentence or phrase, used effectively in many cases such as posing a question, often used ineffectively in poetry making it look artificial and stilled
75
Irony
a situation or statement in which the actual outcome or meaning is opposite to what is expected
76
Loose sentence
a sentence that is grammatically complete before its end
77
Lyric
a type of melodious, imaginative, and subjective poetry that is usually short and personal, expressing the thoughts and feelings of a single speaker rather than telling a story
78
Metaphor
a figure of speech in which one thing is compared to another, without using like or as
79
Meter
the repetition of a regular rhythmic unit in a line of poetry
80
Monometer
one foot
81
Demeter
two feet
82
Trimester
three feet
83
Tetrameter
four feet
84
Pentameter
five feet
85
Hexameter
six feet
86
Heptameter
seven feet
87
Metonymy
a figure of speech that uses the name of an object, person, or idea to represent something with which it is associates
88
Misogyny
hating women
89
Mode
the method or form of a literary work, the way a work of literature is written
90
Mood
similar to tone, mood is the primary emotional attitude of a work
91
Myth
one story in a system of narratives set in a complete imaginary work that once served to explain the origin of life, religious beliefs, and the forces of nature as supernatural occurrences
92
Narration
the telling of a story in fiction, nonfiction, poetry, or drama, one of four modes of discourse
93
Naturalism
literary movement that grew out of realism in France, the US, and England, it portrays humans as having no free will, being driven by the natural forces of heredity, environment, and animalist urges over which they have no contro
94
Objectivity
an impersonal presentation of events and characters
95
Ode
a long lyric poem usually serious and elevated in tone, often written to praise someone or something
96
Onomatopoeia
Onomatopoeia
97
Oxymoron
a figure of speech composed of contradictory words and phrases
98
Panel
the framed images, where the images lay, not necessarily with a frame
99
Parable
a short tale that teaches a moral
100
Paradox
a statement that seems to contradict itself but that turns out to have a rational meaning
101
Parallelism
the technique of arranging words, phrases, clauses, or larger structures by placing them side to side and making them similar in form
102
Parody
a work that ridicules the style of another work by imitating and exaggerating its elements
103
Pastoral
a poem about idealized rural life, or shepherds, or both, also called an idyll
104
Periodic sentence
a sentence that is not grammatically complete until its last phrase
105
Personification
giving human like characteristics to nonhuman or inanimate objects
106
Persuasion
one of the four modes of discourse, language intended to convince through appeals to reason or emotion
107
Petrarchan sonnet
one of the most important types of sonnets, composed of an octave with an abba abba rhyme scheme, and ending in a sestet with a cde cde rhyme scheme, also called and Italian sonnet
108
Point of view
the perspective from which a story is presented
109
First person
a narrator, told though a character point of view
110
Stream of consciousness
like a first person, not inside the persons mind, just watching
111
Omniscient narrator
a third person narrator, able to see into every characters mind and understand the action
112
Limited omniscient
third person narrator who only reports the thoughts of one character, and generally only what the character sees
113
Objective narrator
third person narrator who only reports what a camera would view, thoughts and feelings are only revealed if the characters say it out loud
114
Protagonist
the main character of a literary work
115
Quixotic
a genre of literature, a type of philosophy where everything is nostalgic and romantic
116
Realism
nineteenth-century literary movement in Europe and the US that stressed accuracy in the portrayal of life, focusing on characters with whom middle-class readers could easily relate with, in direct contrast with romanticism
117
Refrain
a line or group of lines that are periodically repeated throughout a poem
118
Regionalism
an element in literature that conveys a realistic portrayal of a specific geographical locale, using the locale and its influences as a major part of the plot
119
Rhyme
a similarity of accented sounds between two words
120
Masculine
the rhyme sound is the last syllable of a line
121
Feminine
the accented syllable is followed by an unaccented syllable
122
Romanticism
a literary, artistic, and philosophical movement that began in the 18th century as a reaction against neoclassism, main focal points include imagination, emotion, and freedom, stressing subjectivity, individuality, the love/worship of nature, and a fascination with the past
123
Sarcasm
harsh, caustic personal remarks to or about someone, less subtle than irony
124
Shakespearian sonnet
the sonnet form used by Shakespeare, composed of three quatrains and a terminal couplet in iambic pentameter with the rhyme pattern abab cdcd efef gg, also called Elizabethan sonnet, English sonnet
125
Simile
a figure of speech that uses like or as to make a direct comparison between two essentially different objects, actions, or qualities
126
Soliloquy
a speech spoken by a character alone on stage, giving the impression that the audience is listening to the characters thoughts
127
Sonnet
a 14 lyric poem in iambic pentameter
128
Speaker
the voice of a poem, an author may speak as themselves or as a fictitious character
129
Stanza
a group of lines in the formal pattern of a poem
130
Couplet
the simple stanza, consisting of two rhymed lines
131
Tercet
three lines, usually having the same rhyme
132
Quatrain
four lines
133
Cinquain
five lines
134
Sestet
six lines
135
Stereotype
a character who represents a trait that is usually attributed to a particular social or racial group and lacks individuality
136
Stock character
a standard character who may be stereotyped, such as the miser or the fool, or universally recognized, like the hard-boiled private eye
137
Style
an author’s characteristic manner of expression
138
Subjectivity
a personal presentation of events and characters, influenced by the author’s feelings and opinions
139
Suspension of disbelief
the demand made of a theater audience to provide some details with their imagination and to accept the limitations of reality and staging, also the acceptance of the incidents pf the plot by a reader or audience
140
Symbolism
the use of symbols or anything that is meant to be taken both literally and as representative of a higher and more complex significance
141
Synecdoche
a figure of speech in which a part of something is used to represent a whole, such as using “boards” to mean “a stage” or “wheels” to mean “car”
142
Synesthesia
mixing of senses, like “taste the rainbow”
143
Syntax
word choice or diction
144
Theme
the central idea or message of a literary work
145
Tone
the characteristic emotion or attitude of an author toward the characters, subject, and audience
146
Tragic flaw
the one weakness that causes the downfall of the hero in a tragedy
147
Villanelle
a lyric poem consisting of five tercets and a final quatrain
148
Voice
the way a written work conveys and author’s attitude
