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chem unit 2 > 10B- reactions of acids and bases > Flashcards

10B- reactions of acids and bases Flashcards

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1
Q

Define antacid

A

a weak base that is used to neutralise stomach acid

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2
Q

Define heartburn

A

a burning sensation in the chest, caused by acid regurgitation into the oesophagus

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3
Q

Define indigestion

A

pain or 1discomfort in the stomach

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4
Q

Define metal hydroxide

A

compound that neutralises acids to form a salt and water

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5
Q

Define metal carbonate

A

compound that neutralises acids to form a salt, water and carbon dioxide

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6
Q

Define metal hydrogen carbonate

A

compound that neutralises acids to form a salt, water and carbon dioxide

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7
Q

Define neutralisation reaction

A

a reaction between an acid and an alkali or base that forms a salt and water (and carbon dioxide when a metal carbonate is a reactant)

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8
Q

Define ulcer

A

a break in the lining of an organ like the stomach

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9
Q

define Alginate(n.)

A

-Alginate(n.)=a salt of alginic acid when
combined with gastric juices forms a foamy gel.

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10
Q

acid + metal carbonate

A

acid + metal carbonate→ ionic salt + carbon dioxide + water

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11
Q

acid + metal hydrogencarbonate

A

acid + metal hydrogencarbonate→ionic salt + carbon dioxide + water

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12
Q

acid + metal hydroxide

A

acid + metal hydroxide→ionic salt + water

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13
Q

acid + base (aka general neutralisation equation)

A

acid + base →ionic salt + water

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14
Q

how to write ionic equations

A

everything thats aqueous splits, everything that isn’t (g, l, s) stay the same

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15
Q

Write the ionic equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid, HCl(aq) and solid magnesium
carbonate, MgCO3(s), in aqueous solution.

A

Acid + metal carbonate → ionic salt + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
Therefore, the overall balanced equation is:
2HCl(aq) + MgCO3(s) → MgCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
This equation can be rewritten to show all individual ions:
2H+(aq) + 2Cl−(aq) + MgCO3(s) → Mg2+(aq) + 2Cl−(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
As a spectator ion, it can be omitted from the balanced ionic equation:
2H+(aq) + MgCO3(s) → Mg2+(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

(FELIX NOTE=SPECTATOR IONS ARE IONS BEFORE AND AFTER THE CHEMICAL REAACTION)

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16
Q

Write the full equation for the reaction between sulfuric acid, H2SO4(aq), and sodium hydroxide,
NaOH(aq), in aqueous solution.

A

The general equation for an acid reacting with a metal hydroxide is:
acid + metal hydroxide → ionic salt + H2O(l)
The ionic salt in this reaction will be formed from the conjugate base/anion of the acid (SO4 2−) and the cation from the metal hydroxide (Na+). Therefore, the overall (unbalanced) equation is:
H2SO4(aq) + NaOH(aq) → Na2SO4(aq) + H2O(l)
The Na and H must then be balanced, producing the overall balanced equation:
H2SO4(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) → Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)

17
Q

what are antacids

A

antacids are weak bases that are used to treat the symptoms of excess concentrated hydrochloric acid produced in the stomach

18
Q

why can’t strong bases be used as antacids

A

they will corrode the internal linings within the body, causing severe permanent damage

19
Q

magnesium hydroxide: antacid neutralisation reaction

A

Mg(OH)2(l) + 2HCl(aq) → MgCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l)

20
Q

magnesium hydroxide: antacid action and side effect

A

Commonly taken as a liquid suspension gel and is very fast acting.
Acts as a laxative.

21
Q

aluminium hydroxide: antacid neutralisation reaction

A

Al(OH)3(l) + 3HCl(aq) → AlCl3(aq) + 3H2O(l)

22
Q

aluminium hydroxide: antacid action and side effect

A

Commonly taken as a liquid suspension gel and is slower acting.
Can cause constipation.

23
Q

sodium hydrogen carbonate: antacid neutralisation reaction

A

NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)

24
Q

sodium hydrogen carbonate: antacid action and side effect

A

Commonly taken as a soluble tablet and is very fast acting.
Bloating, burping and flatulence.

25
Q

calcium carbonate: antacid neutralisation reaction

A

CaCO3(s) +2HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)

26
Q

calcium carbonate: antacid action and side effect

A

Commonly taken as a chewable tablet and is very fast acting.
Bloating, burping and flatulence.

27
Q

How do antacids work

A

-How antacids work=
-antacids bases, which neutralise stomach acid
-reaction will produce salt, water, and sometimes carbon dioxide(dependent on the antacid)
-some antacids can form alginate, which stops the acid from reaching the oesophagus

-Alginate(n.)=a salt of alginic acid when combined with gastric juices forms a foamy gel.

-antacids are also weak bases, not strong bases=to prevent them from reacting with stomach(caustic).

28
Q

Antacid
profile=Alka-Seltzer

(may not be
necessary to remember but nice to know)

A

-type=Dissolvable
table
-active
ingredient=sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)
-Action and side
effects=Commonly taken as a soluble tablet and is very fast acting. Bloating,
burping and flatulence.
-reaction=NaHCO3(s)
+ HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)

29
Q

Antacid
profile=Tums

(may not be
necessary to remember but nice to know)

A

-type=Chewable
tablet
-active
ingredient=calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
-Action and side
effects=Commonly taken as a chewable tablet and is very fast acting.
Bloating, burping and flatulence.
-reaction=
CaCO3(s)
+ HCl(aq) -> CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)

30
Q

Antacid
profile=Mylanta(Aka=Milk of magnesia)

(may not be
necessary to remember but nice to know)

A

-type=Chewable
table or liquid
-active
ingredient=magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2)
-Action and side
effects=Commonly taken as a liquid suspension gel and is very fast acting.
Acts as a laxative.
-reaction=Mg(OH)2(l)
+ 2HCl(aq) → MgCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l)

31
Q

Antacid
profile=QuickEze

(may not be
necessary to remember but nice to know)

A

-type=Chewable
tablet
-active
ingredient=calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
-Action and side
effects=Commonly taken as a chewable tablet and is very fast acting.
Bloating, burping and flatulence.
-reaction=CaCO3(s)
+2HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)

32
Q

Antacid
profile=Amphogel

(may not be
necessary to remember but nice to know)

A

-type=Tablet/liquid
-active
ingredient=Aluminium hydroxide
-Action and side
effects=Commonly taken as a liquid suspension gel and is slower acting. Can
cause constipation.
-reaction=Al(OH)3(l)
+ 3HCl(aq) → AlCl3(aq) + 3H2O(l)

33
Q

Fun facts to not
covered antacids discoverable in questions

(may not be
necessary to remember but nice to know)

A

Titralac(liquid)
Amphogel(tablet)

chem unit 2 (7 decks)

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