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CSDS 109 > 109 SG 1 > Flashcards

109 SG 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Communication

A

The sending and receiving of messages, information, ideas, and or feelings

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2
Q

Language

A

A code whereby ideas about the world are represented through a conventional system of arbitrary signals of communication

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3
Q

Speech

A

is a neuromuscular act of producing sounds that are used in language

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4
Q

Paralinguistics

A

The melodic components of speech that modify the meaning of spoken language
Examples: stress, pitch, intonation

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5
Q

Proxemics

A

The use of space and physical distance between speakers and listeners to communicate (use of non linguistic communication)

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6
Q

Kinesics

A

Body movements used to communicate

Ex. gestures and facial expressions

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7
Q

Metalinguistics

A

Involves thinking about a language, used to correct/judge, awareness of components of language, seeing language as a tool and controlling how we use it

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8
Q

Phonology

A

Speech sounds and the sound patterns that create words

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9
Q

Semantics

A

Deals with the referents of words and the meaning of utterances

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10
Q

Lexicon

A

Refers to the vocabulary of our language

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11
Q

Vocabulary

A

the number of words produced and understood by an individual

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12
Q

Referential meaning

A

Simple concrete meaning of a word, “dictionary definition”

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13
Q

Connotative meaning

A

Emotional meaning of a word

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14
Q

Relational meaning

A

Has to do with manner in which words are related to each other

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15
Q

Inferential meaning

A

Meaning that is not overly stated by inferred

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16
Q

Figurative meaning

A

The meaning that a phrase may convey, whereas the words within the phrase do not

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17
Q

Idioms

A

Carries meaning that the words in the saying or proverb do not literally state

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18
Q

Irony

A

Points out the absurdity of a situation

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19
Q

Metaphors

A

Make comparisons between two or more unrelated objects

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20
Q

Similes

A

Making comparisons between two or more unrelated objects using the words like or as

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21
Q

Multiple meaning words

A

Words that have multiple meanings and require context to evoke the correct meaning

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22
Q

Homonym

A

Words that sound alike and are spelled alike but have different meanings
Ex. bat, palm, scale

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23
Q

Homophones

A

Words that sound alike, have different meanings, and also have different spellings
Ex. bear/bare; flower/flour

24
Q

Synonyms

A

Different words that mean the same thing

25
Q

Antonyms

A

Word pairs that carry the opposite meaning

26
Q

Convergent categorization

A

The ability to provide a category name for a group of items

27
Q

Divergent categorization

A

The ability to provide a list of items when given a category name

28
Q

Syntax

A

The rules that govern “how words are to be sequenced in utterances and how the words in an utterance are related”

29
Q

Grammar

A

A broader term in which includes syntax and morphology as well as semantic restrictions

30
Q

Morphology

A

The study of word structures

31
Q

Morphemes

A

Smallest elements of meaning in a language

32
Q

Free morpheme

A

A whole word that conveys meaning and can’t be broken down into smaller units (root word)

33
Q

Bound morpheme

A

Suffixes and prefixes that attach to a free morpheme and alter meaning

34
Q

Derviational morpheme

A 
Bound morphemes that are used create new words or to “make words of a different grammatical class from the stem”
Ex. un-, dis-, -ish
35
Q

Inflectional morpheme

A

Add information to the word such as; tense, number, comparison, and possession

36
Q

Pragmatic component

A

The study of language production in social contexts

37
Q

Verbal pragmatic skills

A

Those required to initiate and continue conversational disclosure

38
Q

Conversation

A

The connected and contingent flow of language during social interaction between two or more individuals

39
Q

Personal narratives

A

The ability to tell personal stories

40
Q

Fictional narratives

A

The ability to tell a story

41
Q

Nonverbal pragmatic language skills

A

Physical, emotional, and gestural facets of communication

42
Q

Phone

A

A single speech sound conveying meaning within a given language

43
Q

Allophone

A

Slight variations in the production of a phone

44
Q

Four factors in producing neuromuscular control for the act of speech:

A
  • Respiration:Provides the source of air to produce speech sounds
  • Phonation:Vibration of the vocal folds to produce speech sounds; not all sounds require vibration, so there are different types of phonation
  • Resonation:Speech sounds resonate in the vocal tract
  • Articulation:Modifies the speech sounds into vowels or consonants through movement of articulators
    Articulators: tongue, lips, jaw, palate
45
Q

Speech issues vs. language issues

A 
- Speech issues include:
Articulation
Fluency 
Voice
- Language issues include:
Syntax: The rules of language
Semantics: What utterances mean
Phonology: What creates words
Morphology: Word structure
Pragmatics: The rules/social norms that come with language production
46
Q

Examples of derivational and inflectional morphemes

A 
-Derivational morpheme:
    Un- in unhappy
    Dis- in disapprove
    -ment in establishment
     -ish in foolish
- Inflectional morpheme:
     Tense:
          walk/walked
          sing/singing
    Number:
           duck/ducks
     Possession:
            dad/ dad’s 
     Comparison
            large/larger/largest
47
Q

Types of verbal pragmatic skills

A
  • Initiating conversation
  • Taking turn
  • Maintaining a topic
  • Shifting topics
  • Practicing situational pragmatics
  • Ability to provide narration
48
Q

Types of nonverbal pragmatic skills

A
  • Maintaining eye contact
  • Proxemics
  • Gestures
  • Facial expressions
49
Q

The modalities of language

A
  • Receptive language: (language comprehension)
    The ability to understand what is expressed verbally and nonverbally
  • Expressive language: (language production)
    The ability to communicate verbally and nonverbally
50
Q

Expository discourse

A

A formal form of discourse that is used to inform

51
Q

Cohesion

A

Refers to the organization and order of utterances in a whole message

52
Q

Presupposition

A

Refers to provision of sufficient but not too much information for adequate listener compression

53
Q

Coded symbols

A

Words we use; the things they stand for are call referents

54
Q

Arbitrary

A

Another word for coded symbols

55
Q

Conventional

A

Consists of a group of conventions that are universally shared by a community of language learners

56
Q

Rule-driven

A

Lots of rules for language

CSDS 109 (8 decks)

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