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ncm 109 lecture > 109 LECTURE > Flashcards

109 LECTURE Flashcards

1
Q

is a chronic, inflammatory lung disease involving recurrent breathing problems.

A

Asthma

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2
Q

Asthma is caused by complex, multicellular reaction in the airway characterized by:

A

Airway inflammation
Airway hyper-responsiveness to a variety of triggers
most common chronic health problem among children

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3
Q

Symptoms of Asthma

A 
Wheezing
Cough
Tightness of Chest 
Prolonged expiratory phase 
Hypoxemia 
X-ray- hyper-expansion of the lungs
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4
Q

Medical Management of Asthma

A 
High fowler's position/ bed rest
Pulse Oximetry
Nebulized Albuterol 
CPT (chest physical therapy)
Methylprednisolone/ Solu-medrol IV
IV FLUIDS 
OXYGEN TO KEEP OXYGEN > 95%
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5
Q

Home Management of Asthma

A 
Peak flow spirometer
Identify Triggers
Maximize lung expansion
Optimal physical growth
Optimal psycho-social state
Maximum participation
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6
Q

measures how much and how fast air is forcefully expelled from fully inflated lungs

A

Spirometry

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7
Q

Rescue Drugs for Asthma

A

short acting albuterol beta 2 agonist- used as a quick relief agent for acute bronchospasm and for prevention of exercise- induced bronchospasm

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8
Q

Anti-inflammatory or preventive for Asthma

A

low-dose inhaled corticosteroid: inhaled or oral prednisone

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9
Q

Allergy for asthma

A

Singulair

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10
Q

rapidly relax the airway smooth muscle cells, thus reversing the bronchospasm until anti-inflammatory effects of steroids is attained

A

Bronchodilators

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11
Q

Aerosols

A

Mouth piece- 3 years and older

Facial Mask - less than 3 years

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12
Q

reduce the inflammatory component of bronchial obstruction, decrease mucus production, and mediator release as well as the late phase inflammatory process.

A

Corticosteroids

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13
Q

Corticosteroid for severe cases

A

Methylprednisolone Iv

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14
Q

Corticosteroids for experiencing GI upset

A

Reglan

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15
Q

always give with food to decrease GI upset

A

Oral Prednisone

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16
Q

recommended for short course in moderate or severe exacerbation

A

Oral Prednisone

17
Q

Family Teaching for Asthma

A 
Teach how to use medication
When to use and how often
No to OTC drugs
Increase fluid intake 
Sign and symptoms of respiratory distress
18
Q

has decrease dramatically since introduction of the Haemophilus influenzae type b or HIB vaccine in 1985

A

Epiglottitis

19
Q

Epiglottitis Symptoms

A 
Acute inflammation of supra-glottic structures
Medical emergency 
Sudden onset 
High fever 
Dysphasia and drooling 
Epiglottis is cherry red and swollen
20
Q

Management of Epiglottitis

A 
Diagnosis made on presenting symptoms
Ceftriaxone- 3rd gen cephalosporin
no tongue blade in mouth 
emergency tracheostomy set 
no procedure until in the operating room 
keep in quiet room
21
Q

inflammation of the tonsils

A

Tonsilitis

22
Q

occurs when the tonsils are so enlarged they touch each other

A

“Kissing Tonsils”

23
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Tonsilitis

A

Children may refuse to drink
Night snoring = enlarged tonsils or adenoids
size of the tonsils are obstructing the airway
high grade fever

24
Q

Treatment for Tonsilitis

A

Antibiotic X ten days if positive for beta strep
Acetaminophen for pain
Cold fluids
saline gargles
Antiseptic sprays
Viral throat infections will not get better faster with antibiotics

25
Q

Acute obstruction and inflammation of the bronchioles `

A

Bronchiolitis

26
Q

Causative agent of Bronchiolitis

A

RSV (Respiratory syncytial virus)

27
Q

Symptoms of Bronchiolitis

A 
Harsh dry cough 
Low grade fever 
feeding difficulties 
Respiratory Distress with apnea 
t
27
Q

Symptoms of Bronchiolitis

A 
Harsh dry cough 
Low grade fever 
feeding difficulties 
Respiratory Distress with apnea
Thick mucus 
Wheezing
28
Q

Management of Bronchiolitis

A

Oxygen saturation of > than 95%
Pulse oximetry
Normal saline nose drop before suctioning
deep suction especially before feeding
CPT (chest pulmonary physiotherapy) to mobilize secretion
Inhalation therapy
Mechanical ventilation

29
Q

inflammatory condition of the lungs in which alveoli fill with fluid or blood resulting in poor oxygenation and air exchange

A

Pneumonia

30
Q

Symptoms of pneumonia

A

High fever
Thick green, yellow or blood tinged secretion
Grunting respiration
Rales, crackles diminished breath sounds
Cough and cyanosis
Infiltrates seen on x-ray

31
Q

Symptoms of pneumonia

A

High fever
Thick green, yellow or blood tinged secretion
Grunting respiration
Rales, crackles diminished breath sounds
Cough and cyanosis
Infiltrates seen on x-ray

32
Q

Management for pneumonia

A 
Assess respiratory distress NPO (RR > 60 - high risk for aspiration) 
IV fluids 
Oxygen saturation above 95%
CPT (chest pulmonary physiotherapy)
Deep suctioning
Acetaminophen fo fever 
Antibiotics
33
Q

Pneumonia Isolation

A

Respiratory Isolation

34
Q

inherited autosomal recessive disorder of the exocrine glands

A

Cystic Fibrosis

35
Q

a chronic, progressive, genetic illness involving the digestive system and lungs

A

Cystic Fibrosis

36
Q

Mucous secretion are thick and tenacious
> Dysfunction of mucous producing glands leads to multiple gastrointestinal absorption problems
> blocked pancreatic ducts
no secretion of digestive enzymes

A

Exocrine gland dysfunction

37
Q

Symptoms of cyctic Fibrosis

A 
meconium ileus at birth 
failure to thrive 
steatorrhea stools/ constipation 
voracious appetite with poor weight gain 
recurrent respiratory infections 
chronic cough
malabsorption of intestines
38
Q

Diagnosis of Cystic Fibrosis

A 
Positive Sweat test 
genetic marker 
lifelong management includes:
- enzyme replacement with eating 
- daily CPT postural drainage

ncm 109 lecture (1 decks)

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