107.3 Localization And Internationalization Flashcards
Shutdown and reboot the system.
shutdown -r
Cancel a pending shutdown.
shutdown -c
Stops the system immediately, without nicely killing processes or unmounting file systems, so not a clean way to shut down.
halt
Set system date and time.
date -s
In Fedora: Command to modify /etc/localtime and /etc/timezone files.
tzconfig
In Debian: Command to modify /etc/localtime and /etc/timezone files.
dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
A menu-driven way to change the timezone.
tzselect
Set UTC as the local time by creating a symbolic link.
ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/UTC /etc/localtime
Command to display all of the current locale settings.
locale
Command to display all available locales.
locale -a
Command to print (to the screen) all environment variables.
env
printenv
Command to convert between different character encodings.
iconv -f [from encoding] -t [to encoding] [file] > newfile
See a list of supported encodings.
iconv -l
Command to generate a locale from /etc/locale.gen.
locale-gen [language abbreviation] [ISO number]
Then add to /etc/locale.conf, which is what gets listed with locale -a
Command to demote an environment variable back to a shell variable.
export -n [name]
List localization and language environment variable overrides.
LC_* overrides LANG overrides LANGUAGE
Environment variable that sets the default language.
LANG
Overridden by any of the LC_* variables
Environment variable that sets collation rules for regular expressions and sorting.
LC_COLLATE
Environment variable that refers to a person’s name.
LC_NAME
Environment variable that specifies the type of hardware terminal to emulate when running the shell.
TERM
Environment variable that describes the shell that will interpret commands, the default is Bash.
SHELL
Term for a worldwide character encoding standard that can represent nearly all languages.
Unicode
Environment variable related to time that is not part of the locale settings.
LC_TIMEZONE
Environment variable that overrides the default time zone.
TZ
Linux locale settings include:
- character type
- language
- number formatting
- currency type and symbol
- collation
- date and time format
- a person’s name format
- printer paper default type
- telephone number format
- format for system messages
More
Term for a type of character encoding capable of encoding all possible characters (code points) defined by Unicode.
Unicode Transformation Format-8 (UTF-8)
Uses variable-length 8-bit code units for its encoding
Term for a series of standards for 8-bit ASCII-based character encodings, published in 1987, intended for Western European languages.
ISO 8859
Paths to user configuration files with precedence.
~/.bash_profile –> ~/.profile –> ~/.bashrc
Paths to system configuration files with precedence.
/etc/environment –> /etc/profile –> /etc/bash.bashrc
Path to the configuration file and environment variable to set all system messages to Japanese.
/etc/bash_profile
LC_MESSAGES=”ja”
Path to the conf file where the locale is set for a user.
~/.profile
Path to the directory that contains a list of all time zones.
/usr/share/zoneinfo/
Path to the file that stores the default locale.
/usr/bin/locale
Overridden by LC_ALL
Path to the binary file that is either a symbolic link to or copy of a time zone information file such as /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo.
/etc/localtime
Path to the text file that sets the current system time zone.
/etc/timezone
