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history > 1066 to edward III > Flashcards

1066 to edward III Flashcards

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1
Q

who won the battle of Hastings

A

William (duke of Normandy) the conqueror

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2
Q

what what year was the battle of Hastings

A

it was in 1066

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3
Q

who were the people fighting for the crown after Edward the confessor died

A

Harold Godwinson, Harald Hardrada and William duke of Normandy

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4
Q

how did Harold godwinson die

A

it it unknown quite how he died but the Bayeux tapestry shows him being shot by an arrow through his eye

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5
Q

what are some names for king john

A

soft sword and lackland

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6
Q

why was there a siege of Rochester castle

A

because king john lost many battles in France and was a dreadful warier compared to his brother Richard the lionheart. the barons were not happy with him.

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7
Q

explain feudalism

A

a peasant or worker received land in return for serving a lord or king, especially during times of war. the lower serve the higher.

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8
Q

why was doomsday book made

A

after William the conqueror became he made the book because he wanted to know the value of the country

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9
Q

why is it known as the doomsday book.

A

because you cannot argue with the book. like the judgement day

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10
Q

what were the crusades

A

they were a series of ‘holy’ wars made by the pope they fought Muslims pagans Jews and even some Christians.

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11
Q

why did crusaders do it

A

because they were told if they die whilst in a crusade they would go to heaven

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12
Q

what are the difference between a Muslim soldier and a crusader knight

A

one has a curved shield. Muslim has no face protection

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13
Q

what is a Saracen

A

a Muslim crusader

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14
Q

what is heraldry

A

the system where coats of arms are devised

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15
Q

what is a squire

A

a attendant of a night

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16
Q

pilgrim:

A

a person who journeys to a sacred place for religious reasons

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17
Q

what is chivalry

A

the medieval knightly system with its religious, moral, and social code

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18
Q

what is a manuscript

A

a book, document, or piece of music written by hand rather than typed or printed. what monks did.

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19
Q

what is the role of a page

A

he cooks cleans and feeds

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20
Q

what is the role of a squire

A

he serves the knight, carries his shield cleans his armour and generally supports the knight

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21
Q

what year did becket die

A

1170

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22
Q

how did Thomas becket die

A

knights arrived at Canterbury cathedral and hacked him to death

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23
Q

who was the leader of the peasants revolt

A

wat Tyler

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24
Q

who was the rebel priest in the peasants revolt

A

john ball

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25
Q

who was the king of England during the peasants revolt

A

Richard II

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26
Q

who actually ruled England in the peasants revolt because the king of England (richardii) was a teenager

A

john gaunt

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27
Q

who was the archbishop of Canterbury in the peasants revolt

A

Simon Sudbury

28
Q

how did the peasants revolt start

A

because there was an unpopular poll tax forced upon people

29
Q

who was king after the war of the roses

A

henry tudor

30
Q

what was the magna carter

A

the first document to put into writing the principle that the king and his government was not above the law. And the current king was john lackland or king john

31
Q

what is iconography

A

the visual images and symbols used in a work of art created for many greats in the middle ages.

32
Q

name 5 of the worst monarchs of England

A 
John I (r. 1199-1216) (magna carter) 
Richard II (r. 1377-1399) (peasants revolt)
Richard III (r. 1483-1485) killed the children next to the throne because he wanted to be the king
king Stephen (civil war) 1135 to 1154.
Henry VI (r. 1422-1461, 1470-1471) (started war of the roses)
33
Q

who were England’s top 5 best monarchs in the middle ages

A

Richard the lionheart 1189-1199 (won loads of wars in crusades)
Edward the first 1272-1307(establishing Parliament)
henry v (1413-1422) (led two successful invasions of France)
William the conqueror 1066-1087(won the battle of Hastings)
Henry VII (r. 1485-1509) (brought order after war of the roses)

34
Q

how did the bubonic version of black death transmit

A

the black death arrived in Darset in 1318. fleas had it and they bit rats. the rats, with the plague, would mix with humans a go on international ships. so transmition was easy

35
Q

how did the black death end

A

it ended through quarantines however it is still here (not eradicated)

36
Q

what were the churches powers

A

The Church had the power to tax, and its laws had to be obeyed.

37
Q

who was king before harold godwinson

A

edward the confessor

38
Q

why was the church so powerful in the middle ages

A

Because the church was considered independent, they did not have to pay the king any tax for their land.

39
Q

what were the main types of castles in the middle ages

A

Motte-and-bailey castles, stone keep castles, and concentric castles.

40
Q

what was the purpose of a motte and bailey castle

A

to secure areas of land quickly and cheaply. because it was made from wood

41
Q

what are the parts of a motte and bailey castle

A

keep, palisade, motte, moat and bailey (the place where the people live)

42
Q

what was the purpose of stone keep castles, and concentric castles.

A

the stone keep castles are used as a refuge of last resort if the castle fell to an enemy.

the concentric castles were securely defended and stored with provisions.

43
Q

how has armour evolved.

A

chain mail suits gave protection and freedom of movement knights wore a helmet of leather that may have been covered with mail. The 1300s witnessed the use of a stronger helmet and solid plate armour became more common in the 14th century.

44
Q

what was armour like in 1000s

A

mail chest plate or using leather a helmet and a shield. hauberks were common(like a mail onesie)

45
Q

what is a Fyrd

A

they were usually farmers (peasants) that had low defence but high mobility they were not trained warriors

46
Q

what is a housecarl

A

these are full time knights hey had mail armour but were less mobile

47
Q

what was armour like at 1200s

A

Single plates of metal armour were used from the late 13th century. padded armours like the cuisses (thigh armour) were also popular

48
Q

what was armour like in 1300s

A

solid plate armour was popular.

49
Q

what was armour like in 1100s

A

much like in 1000s they wore hauberks but Underneath this they wore a padded shirt

50
Q

what was armour like in 1400s

A

full head to toe plate armour was used (knight in shining armour)

51
Q

how many people died of the black death

A

it killed an estimated 1/3-1/2 of Europe

52
Q

what was the bubonic plague

A

victims would get large boils (buboes) and later they would develop a rash. 7/10 of the people who had it would die.

53
Q

what was the pneumonic plague

A

it was transmitted through air. victims would cough up blood and it would spread as they coughed and sneezed. victims would die within a few days.

54
Q

when did king john rule

A

king john (lackland)who was king during 1199-1216

55
Q

Richard the II

A

who was king 1377-1399

56
Q

Richard the III

A

who was king during 1483-1485

57
Q

who was king from 1135 to 1154.

A

king Stephan

58
Q

when was henry VI king

A

who was king during 1422-1461, 1470-1471

59
Q

richard the lionheart rule

A

who was king during 1189-1199richard the lionheart and the third

60
Q

when was Edward longshanks king.

A

he was king during 1272-1307 strengthened the crown and Parliament against the old feudal nobility. he also hurled his sons best friend outside the tower of London.

61
Q

who was king during (1413-1422) (led two successful invasions of France)

A

henry the V

62
Q

when did William the conqueror rule(won the battle of Hastings)

A

William the conqueror 1066-1087

63
Q

when did henry vii rule (brought order after war of the roses)

A

(r. 1485-1509)

64
Q

what year was the peasants revolt

A

1381

65
Q

what year did king john sign the magna carta

A

1215

66
Q

what year did the black death arrive in england

A

1348

67
Q

what year did the war of the rosses begin

A

1445

history (2 decks)

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