1060 Final Flashcards
Na is the main cation found in what?
ECF ( extracellular fluid)
CI is a _________ that appears in combination with the _____ ion.
anion
Na
If a client has an oral temperature of 104 degrees F there would be NA what?
loss
The normal concentration of Na in the extracellular fluid is ?
135-145 mEq/L
One _______ replace Na by drinking lots water?
cannot
Ocean water is _________ fluid?
hyperosmolar
In cases of ocean water ingestion, the water is drawn from the body fluid into the stomach and intestine by the process of what?
osmosis
Hypernatremia is known as Na what?
Excess
Hyponatremia is also known as Na what?
Deficit
A function of Na is to influence the distribution of ?
Water in the body
Chloride level <95 mEq/L is called?
Hypochloremia
Chloride level > 108 mEq/L is called?
Hyperchloremia
The chief regulation of Na occurs within the kidneys?
True
Cortisone and aldosterone stimulate the kidneys to absorb Na and excrete K?
True
The organ responsible for electrolyte homeostasis by the excretion and absorption of ions are the?
Kidneys
Hypernatremia causes and _________ cellular activity?
Increased
An increased Na level ________ serum osmolality ?
Increases
Hemodiluation of body fluids that can cause hyponatremia include?
Drinking Excessive plain water SIADH gastric suction hypervolemic state
Gastric suction for the purpose of drainage can cause?
Hyponatremia
Which of the following can cause hypernatremia?
- Excessive use of table salt
- use of 3% IV solution
- Continuous use of canned vegetables and soups of diuretics
- Increased water intake
Headaches, confusion and muscular twitching are clinical manifestations of ?
Hyponatremia
Dry oral membranes, restlessness, and elevated body temperature indicate?
Hypernatremia
To restore Na balance due to Na deficit give?
0.9% NaCl/ DW5 IV
Steroids ________ sodium retention?
Promote
Following a surgical intervention your client has been receiving DW5 for 5 days. One may expect a Na and Cl to?
Deficit
A potassium deficit cannot be fully corrected until a chloride deficit is corrected. What type of K supplement is needed to replace K and Cl deficits?
Potassium Chloride
Which of the following promotes a greater loss of K?
An individual taking a diuretic
K is found predominantly in ____________ fluid and is a _________?
Intracellular
cation
Normal serum K range is ?
3.5 to 5.3 mEq/L
Either too much or too little K can cause a cardiac arrest?
True
K is needed for transmission and conduction of ________ impulses and the contraction of _________?
Nerveskeletal and smooth muscle
myocardium
After ingestion of K the body shifts K _______ cells and the _________ excrete K.
Into
Kidneys
The daily K intake needed for body function is _________ to _______ mEq?
40 to 60
List 4 foods rich in K?
Meats Nuts Vegetables Potatoes tomatoes
Insulin _________ the sodium-potassium pump activity?
Increases
Match the serum K levels with the type of K imbalance?___ 3.72, ___4.83, __5.94, ___2.75, __3.16, ___6.8
Normal 3.72 Normal 4.83 Hyperkalemiac 5.94 Hypokalemiac 2.75 Hypokalemiac 3.16 Hyperkalemiac 6.8
The production of aldosterone causes K to be ________ and Na to be ________ by the body?
Excreted
Retained
Name two causes of hypokalemia related to dietary patterns?
Malnutrition
Anorexia
Alcoholism
The major cause of K deficit is _______ diuretics?
Potassium-wasting
List 3 GI causes of hypokalemia?
Vomiting Bulimia Diarrhea Laxatives GI Suctioning NG to Suction
Potassium in IV fluids administrated at a rate faster than 20 mEq/L per hour can result in?
Hyperkalemia
Which of the following are causes of K excess?
Potassium- sparing
Renal Failure
Hypokalemia causes the rate beat to be?
Irregular
List the 6 most common symptoms of hypokalemia?
Confusion Lethargy Weakness Paralysis Nausea Vomiting
Oral K is irritating to the gastric mucosa and should be diluted in at least ____ounces of _____ or _____?
6-8
Water/juice
Oral K supplements would not be recommended for a person with reduced kidney function?
True
The normal dose of IV K is 10 to 20 mEq per hour diluted in 500 to 1000ml of fluid?
True
Potassium ____- be given as a bolus, injected directly into the vein?
Should not
A client with a serum K of 3.3 mEq/L must ____ K intake?
Increase
To correct mild hyperkalemia, restriction of K intake is suggested?
True
Which methods are used to correct moderate K excess?
Insulin
Glucose IV
Sodium Bicarbonate
Which electrolytes are lost when potassium- sparing diuretics are taken?
Na
Cl
The K imbalance that occurs in clients taking potassium- sparing diuretic is ?
Hyperkalemia
Potassium- wasting diuretics can cause ?
Hypokalemia
Identify the following classifications of diuretics as potassium- wasting (W) or potassium- sparing (S)?
Thiazides loop (W) Diuretics (W) Aldosterone antagonist (S)
Corticosteriods and laxative can cause potassium?
Deficit
A severe serum K deficit that is life threating is a serum K level of <2.5 mEq/L and a K excess that is life threating is >7.0 mEq/L?
True
Administrating glucose and insulin may lead to rapid transfer of K from the extracellular fluid to the cell, causing the serum K to rapidly ?
Decrease
His K imbalance is ?
Hypokalemia
Vomiting will cause K to?
Decrease
Name the four signs and symptoms of Mr. Johnson’s K deficit?
Dizzy Muscle weakness Abdominal Distension Peristalsis Diminished Hypoactive Bowel sounds
