1060 Final

Question 1

Na is the main cation found in what?

Answer 1

ECF ( extracellular fluid)

Question 2

CI is a _________ that appears in combination with the _____ ion.

Answer 2

anion

Na

Question 3

If a client has an oral temperature of 104 degrees F there would be NA what?

Answer 3

loss

Question 4

The normal concentration of Na in the extracellular fluid is ?

Answer 4

135-145 mEq/L

Question 5

One _______ replace Na by drinking lots water?

Answer 5

cannot

Question 6

Ocean water is _________ fluid?

Answer 6

hyperosmolar

Question 7

In cases of ocean water ingestion, the water is drawn from the body fluid into the stomach and intestine by the process of what?

Answer 7

osmosis

Question 8

Hypernatremia is known as Na what?

Answer 8

Excess

Question 9

Hyponatremia is also known as Na what?

Answer 9

Deficit

Question 10

A function of Na is to influence the distribution of ?

Answer 10

Water in the body

Question 11

Chloride level <95 mEq/L is called?

Answer 11

Hypochloremia

Question 12

Chloride level > 108 mEq/L is called?

Answer 12

Hyperchloremia

Question 13

The chief regulation of Na occurs within the kidneys?

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Cortisone and aldosterone stimulate the kidneys to absorb Na and excrete K?

Answer 14

True

Question 15

The organ responsible for electrolyte homeostasis by the excretion and absorption of ions are the?

Answer 15

Kidneys

Question 16

Hypernatremia causes and _________ cellular activity?

Answer 16

Increased

Question 17

An increased Na level ________ serum osmolality ?

Answer 17

Increases

Question 18

Hemodiluation of body fluids that can cause hyponatremia include?

Answer 18

Drinking Excessive plain water SIADH gastric suction hypervolemic state

Question 19

Gastric suction for the purpose of drainage can cause?

Answer 19

Hyponatremia

Question 20

Which of the following can cause hypernatremia?

Answer 20

• Excessive use of table salt
• use of 3% IV solution
• Continuous use of canned vegetables and soups of diuretics
• Increased water intake

Question 21

Headaches, confusion and muscular twitching are clinical manifestations of ?

Answer 21

Hyponatremia

Question 22

Dry oral membranes, restlessness, and elevated body temperature indicate?

Answer 22

Hypernatremia

Question 23

To restore Na balance due to Na deficit give?

Answer 23

0.9% NaCl/ DW5 IV

Question 24

Steroids ________ sodium retention?

Answer 24

Promote

Question 25

Following a surgical intervention your client has been receiving DW5 for 5 days. One may expect a Na and Cl to?

Answer 25

Deficit

Question 26

A potassium deficit cannot be fully corrected until a chloride deficit is corrected. What type of K supplement is needed to replace K and Cl deficits?

Answer 26

Potassium Chloride

Question 27

Which of the following promotes a greater loss of K?

Answer 27

An individual taking a diuretic

Question 28

K is found predominantly in ____________ fluid and is a _________?

Answer 28

Intracellular | cation

Question 29

Normal serum K range is ?

Answer 29

3.5 to 5.3 mEq/L

Question 30

Either too much or too little K can cause a cardiac arrest?

Answer 30

True

Question 31

K is needed for transmission and conduction of ________ impulses and the contraction of _________?

Answer 31

Nerveskeletal and smooth muscle | myocardium

Question 32

After ingestion of K the body shifts K _______ cells and the _________ excrete K.

Answer 32

Into | Kidneys

Question 33

The daily K intake needed for body function is _________ to _______ mEq?

Answer 33

40 to 60

Question 34

List 4 foods rich in K?

Answer 34

``` Meats Nuts Vegetables Potatoes tomatoes ```

Question 35

Insulin _________ the sodium-potassium pump activity?

Answer 35

Increases

Question 36

Match the serum K levels with the type of K imbalance?___ 3.72, ___4.83, __5.94, ___2.75, __3.16, ___6.8

Answer 36

``` Normal 3.72 Normal 4.83 Hyperkalemiac 5.94 Hypokalemiac 2.75 Hypokalemiac 3.16 Hyperkalemiac 6.8 ```

Question 37

The production of aldosterone causes K to be ________ and Na to be ________ by the body?

Answer 37

Excreted | Retained

Question 38

Name two causes of hypokalemia related to dietary patterns?

Answer 38

Malnutrition Anorexia Alcoholism

Question 39

The major cause of K deficit is _______ diuretics?

Answer 39

Potassium-wasting

Question 40

List 3 GI causes of hypokalemia?

Answer 40

``` Vomiting Bulimia Diarrhea Laxatives GI Suctioning NG to Suction ```

Question 41

Potassium in IV fluids administrated at a rate faster than 20 mEq/L per hour can result in?

Answer 41

Hyperkalemia

Question 42

Which of the following are causes of K excess?

Answer 42

Potassium- sparing | Renal Failure

Question 43

Hypokalemia causes the rate beat to be?

Answer 43

Irregular

Question 44

List the 6 most common symptoms of hypokalemia?

Answer 44

``` Confusion Lethargy Weakness Paralysis Nausea Vomiting ```

Question 45

Oral K is irritating to the gastric mucosa and should be diluted in at least ____ounces of _____ or _____?

Answer 45

6-8 | Water/juice

Question 46

Oral K supplements would not be recommended for a person with reduced kidney function?

Answer 46

True

Question 47

The normal dose of IV K is 10 to 20 mEq per hour diluted in 500 to 1000ml of fluid?

Answer 47

True

Question 48

Potassium ____- be given as a bolus, injected directly into the vein?

Answer 48

Should not

Question 49

A client with a serum K of 3.3 mEq/L must ____ K intake?

Answer 49

Increase

Question 50

To correct mild hyperkalemia, restriction of K intake is suggested?

Answer 50

True

Question 51

Which methods are used to correct moderate K excess?

Answer 51

Insulin Glucose IV Sodium Bicarbonate

Question 52

Which electrolytes are lost when potassium- sparing diuretics are taken?

Answer 52

Na | Cl

Question 53

The K imbalance that occurs in clients taking potassium- sparing diuretic is ?

Answer 53

Hyperkalemia

Question 54

Potassium- wasting diuretics can cause ?

Answer 54

Hypokalemia

Question 55

Identify the following classifications of diuretics as potassium- wasting (W) or potassium- sparing (S)?

Answer 55

``` Thiazides loop (W) Diuretics (W) Aldosterone antagonist (S) ```

Question 56

Corticosteriods and laxative can cause potassium?

Answer 56

Deficit

Question 57

A severe serum K deficit that is life threating is a serum K level of <2.5 mEq/L and a K excess that is life threating is >7.0 mEq/L?

Answer 57

True

Question 58

Administrating glucose and insulin may lead to rapid transfer of K from the extracellular fluid to the cell, causing the serum K to rapidly ?

Answer 58

Decrease

Question 59

His K imbalance is ?

Answer 59

Hypokalemia

Question 60

Vomiting will cause K to?

Answer 60

Decrease

Question 61

Name the four signs and symptoms of Mr. Johnson's K deficit?

Answer 61

``` Dizzy Muscle weakness Abdominal Distension Peristalsis Diminished Hypoactive Bowel sounds ```