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EW Nursing > 1060 Final > Flashcards

1060 Final Flashcards

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1
Q

Na is the main cation found in what?

A

ECF ( extracellular fluid)

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2
Q

CI is a _________ that appears in combination with the _____ ion.

A

anion

Na

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3
Q

If a client has an oral temperature of 104 degrees F there would be NA what?

A

loss

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4
Q

The normal concentration of Na in the extracellular fluid is ?

A

135-145 mEq/L

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5
Q

One _______ replace Na by drinking lots water?

A

cannot

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6
Q

Ocean water is _________ fluid?

A

hyperosmolar

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7
Q

In cases of ocean water ingestion, the water is drawn from the body fluid into the stomach and intestine by the process of what?

A

osmosis

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8
Q

Hypernatremia is known as Na what?

A

Excess

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9
Q

Hyponatremia is also known as Na what?

A

Deficit

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10
Q

A function of Na is to influence the distribution of ?

A

Water in the body

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11
Q

Chloride level <95 mEq/L is called?

A

Hypochloremia

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12
Q

Chloride level > 108 mEq/L is called?

A

Hyperchloremia

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13
Q

The chief regulation of Na occurs within the kidneys?

A

True

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14
Q

Cortisone and aldosterone stimulate the kidneys to absorb Na and excrete K?

A

True

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15
Q

The organ responsible for electrolyte homeostasis by the excretion and absorption of ions are the?

A

Kidneys

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16
Q

Hypernatremia causes and _________ cellular activity?

A

Increased

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17
Q

An increased Na level ________ serum osmolality ?

A

Increases

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18
Q

Hemodiluation of body fluids that can cause hyponatremia include?

A

Drinking Excessive plain water SIADH gastric suction hypervolemic state

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19
Q

Gastric suction for the purpose of drainage can cause?

A

Hyponatremia

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20
Q

Which of the following can cause hypernatremia?

A
  • Excessive use of table salt
  • use of 3% IV solution
  • Continuous use of canned vegetables and soups of diuretics
  • Increased water intake
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21
Q

Headaches, confusion and muscular twitching are clinical manifestations of ?

A

Hyponatremia

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22
Q

Dry oral membranes, restlessness, and elevated body temperature indicate?

A

Hypernatremia

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23
Q

To restore Na balance due to Na deficit give?

A

0.9% NaCl/ DW5 IV

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24
Q

Steroids ________ sodium retention?

A

Promote

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25
Q

Following a surgical intervention your client has been receiving DW5 for 5 days. One may expect a Na and Cl to?

A

Deficit

26
Q

A potassium deficit cannot be fully corrected until a chloride deficit is corrected. What type of K supplement is needed to replace K and Cl deficits?

A

Potassium Chloride

27
Q

Which of the following promotes a greater loss of K?

A

An individual taking a diuretic

28
Q

K is found predominantly in ____________ fluid and is a _________?

A

Intracellular

cation

29
Q

Normal serum K range is ?

A

3.5 to 5.3 mEq/L

30
Q

Either too much or too little K can cause a cardiac arrest?

A

True

31
Q

K is needed for transmission and conduction of ________ impulses and the contraction of _________?

A

Nerveskeletal and smooth muscle

myocardium

32
Q

After ingestion of K the body shifts K _______ cells and the _________ excrete K.

A

Into

Kidneys

33
Q

The daily K intake needed for body function is _________ to _______ mEq?

A

40 to 60

34
Q

List 4 foods rich in K?

A 
Meats
Nuts
Vegetables 
Potatoes
tomatoes
35
Q

Insulin _________ the sodium-potassium pump activity?

A

Increases

36
Q

Match the serum K levels with the type of K imbalance?___ 3.72, ___4.83, __5.94, ___2.75, __3.16, ___6.8

A 
Normal 3.72
Normal 4.83
Hyperkalemiac 5.94
Hypokalemiac 2.75
Hypokalemiac 3.16
Hyperkalemiac 6.8
37
Q

The production of aldosterone causes K to be ________ and Na to be ________ by the body?

A

Excreted

Retained

38
Q

Name two causes of hypokalemia related to dietary patterns?

A

Malnutrition
Anorexia
Alcoholism

39
Q

The major cause of K deficit is _______ diuretics?

A

Potassium-wasting

40
Q

List 3 GI causes of hypokalemia?

A 
Vomiting 
Bulimia
Diarrhea 
Laxatives
GI Suctioning 
NG to Suction
41
Q

Potassium in IV fluids administrated at a rate faster than 20 mEq/L per hour can result in?

A

Hyperkalemia

42
Q

Which of the following are causes of K excess?

A

Potassium- sparing

Renal Failure

43
Q

Hypokalemia causes the rate beat to be?

A

Irregular

44
Q

List the 6 most common symptoms of hypokalemia?

A 
Confusion
Lethargy
Weakness 
Paralysis 
Nausea
Vomiting
45
Q

Oral K is irritating to the gastric mucosa and should be diluted in at least ____ounces of _____ or _____?

A

6-8

Water/juice

46
Q

Oral K supplements would not be recommended for a person with reduced kidney function?

A

True

47
Q

The normal dose of IV K is 10 to 20 mEq per hour diluted in 500 to 1000ml of fluid?

A

True

48
Q

Potassium ____- be given as a bolus, injected directly into the vein?

A

Should not

49
Q

A client with a serum K of 3.3 mEq/L must ____ K intake?

A

Increase

50
Q

To correct mild hyperkalemia, restriction of K intake is suggested?

A

True

51
Q

Which methods are used to correct moderate K excess?

A

Insulin
Glucose IV
Sodium Bicarbonate

52
Q

Which electrolytes are lost when potassium- sparing diuretics are taken?

A

Na

Cl

53
Q

The K imbalance that occurs in clients taking potassium- sparing diuretic is ?

A

Hyperkalemia

54
Q

Potassium- wasting diuretics can cause ?

A

Hypokalemia

55
Q

Identify the following classifications of diuretics as potassium- wasting (W) or potassium- sparing (S)?

A 
Thiazides loop (W)
Diuretics (W)
Aldosterone antagonist (S)
56
Q

Corticosteriods and laxative can cause potassium?

A

Deficit

57
Q

A severe serum K deficit that is life threating is a serum K level of <2.5 mEq/L and a K excess that is life threating is >7.0 mEq/L?

A

True

58
Q

Administrating glucose and insulin may lead to rapid transfer of K from the extracellular fluid to the cell, causing the serum K to rapidly ?

A

Decrease

59
Q

His K imbalance is ?

A

Hypokalemia

60
Q

Vomiting will cause K to?

A

Decrease

61
Q

Name the four signs and symptoms of Mr. Johnson’s K deficit?

A 
Dizzy
Muscle weakness
Abdominal Distension
Peristalsis Diminished 
Hypoactive Bowel sounds

EW Nursing (3 decks)

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