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AT 106 > 106 Through First Exam > Flashcards

106 Through First Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of the Clark-Y Airfoil

A

Standard in the 1920-1930
Almost flat lower camber

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2
Q

! What does planform mean? !

A

Shape of wing as viewed from above

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3
Q

! Which wing shape is best? !

A

It depends on what the mission is

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4
Q

What is the aspect ratio

A

ratio of wing span to wing chord

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5
Q

What is taper?

A

Decrease from wing root to wingtip in wing chord or wing thickness

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6
Q

Do faster planes have big or small aspect ratios

A

small

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7
Q

Rectangular wing pros:

A

cheap and easy to produce
easy/cheap to maintain

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8
Q

rectangular wing stall characteristics:

A

advanced stall warning
stalls at root

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9
Q

Moderate Taper wing stall characteristics

A

whole wing stalls at once

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10
Q

High taper wing stall characteristics:

A

stalls from wing tips first

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11
Q

Pointed tip wing stall characteristics:

A

stalls from wing tips first

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12
Q

Sweptback wings cons:

A

Dutch roll
needs yaw damper
bad at slow speeds
tips stall first

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13
Q

Pros of swept back wings:

A

delays shockwaves allowing for flight closer to supersonic speeds
very efficient at high speeds

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14
Q

What is the most efficient subsonic wing?

A

elliptical wing

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15
Q

Elliptical wing stall characteristics:

A

little warning
entire wing at once

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16
Q

What principle accounts for 90% of wing lift?

A

Brenoulli’s principle

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17
Q

What is an airfoil?

A

any lift creating surface

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18
Q

What is camber?

A

the curve of the wing

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19
Q

What is the aspect ratio?

A

Span/chord

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20
Q

What is the span of a wing?

A

length of wing

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21
Q

What is the chord of a wing?

A

width of wing

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22
Q

What is the dihedral angle

A

angle of wing from plane to tip

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23
Q

What is the mean camber line?

A

mathematical imaginary line formed by subtracting distance from chord line to lower camber from the distance from chord line to upper camber

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24
Q

what is the mean aerodynamic chord?

A

distance between leading and trailing edge, measured parallel to normal airflow over wing

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25
Q

Why is knowing the max camber important?

A

Correlates directly to where lowest pressure is located
Center of gravity needs to be kept in front of the center of lift in order to stay stable

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26
Q

What is skin friction drag?

A

air sliding across surface sticks to it, as no surface is completely smooth

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27
Q

what is interference drag?

A

drag from turbulence where surfaces meet at 90 degrees

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28
Q

What is pressure drag? (form drag)

A

air striking surface makes drag

drag caused by separation of airflow

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29
Q

What is induced drag?

A

Drag as a result of lift

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30
Q

What is ground effect?

A

an effect that happens less than one-half wingspan above ground
air is forced down and there is a significant decrease in induced drag

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31
Q

What is the boundary layer

A

layer at which air does not curve to shape of wing anymore

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32
Q

What do wing fences do

A

prevent entire wing from stalling at once
Obstructs span wise flow

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33
Q

What do vortex generators do

A

Pull high energy air down to surface, preventing separation

33
Q

What do vortex generators do

A

Pull high energy air down to surface, preventing separation

34
Q

What is the fuselage?

A

body of the aircraft

35
Q

What is the empennage?

A

Tail assembly

36
Q

What is the nacelle?

A

Powerplant area

37
Q

What does the former do?

A

gives skin shape and rigidity
Circular shaped piece

38
Q

What are stringers?

A

metal/wood braces between ring ribs or bulkheads (Braces between former)

39
Q

What do stringers do?

A

Prevent former from collapsing in on each other
Gives stiffening strength

40
Q

What is the Longeron?

A

fore and aft framing member that crosses several points
(like a long stringer)

41
Q

What is a bulkhead?

A

vertical wall within fuselage ((full wall, not like the former))

42
Q

What is the firewall?

A

special bulkhead between fuselage and engine

43
Q

What does starboard mean?

44
Q

What does port mean?

45
Q

Fuselage stations are:

A

nose to tail

46
Q

Wing stations are:

A

distance from centerline of fuselage to wing tips

47
Q

Waterline stations are:

A

vertical distance in inches from centerline of fuselage

48
Q

What is the dorsal fin

A

low extension of vertical stabilizer running forward

49
Q

what is the ventral fin?

A

vertical stabilizer on bottom of aircraft

50
Q

What do lift struts do

A

transmit lift load from wings to fuselage

51
Q

what is the wing rib and what does it do

A

chord wise structural member in wing that gives shape
transmits aerodynamic loads from skin to spars

52
Q

What is the wing spar?

A

structural beam that transmits lift loads and landing loads to and from fuselage

53
Q

What is a spar?

A

a load carrying beam

54
Q

What is bicycle type landing gear

A

main landing gear in line under aircraft with delicate wingtip wheels

55
Q

What is quadricycle landing gear

A

four main gear sets in center of fuselage

56
Q

What are the main gear?

A

wheels supporting most of the weight of the aircraft

57
Q

What does auxiliary gear do?

A

stabilize aircraft

58
Q

Elevator is rotation around the

A

lateral axis

59
Q

Rudder is rotation about the

A

vertical axis

60
Q

Aileron is control about the

A

longitudinal axis

61
Q

!! What is a flight control !!

A

a movable airfoil

62
Q

!! What is a primary flight control !!

A

a movable airfoil that the pilot can control in flight

63
Q

In a left turn, the left aileron moves

64
Q

In a slip, the nose is pointed ____ the turn

A

outside ((not enough rudder))

65
Q

In a skid, the nose is pointed _____ the turn

A

inside ((to much rudder))

66
Q

Why does adverse yaw happen

A

extra induced drag on wing with down aileron (high wing) causes yaw movement in wrong direction

imbalance of drag at wingtips

67
Q

What do differential ailerons do and how do they work

A

correct adverse yaw
“up” aileron moves more up than “down” aileron moves down

68
Q

What is a frise aileron

A

move up and down same amount but front of aileron sticks out under bottom of the wing when moving up

69
Q

What is a slat

A

“flap” on leading edge of wing, assisting in changing camber and improving lift at slow speeds

70
Q

What do spoilers do

A

increase drag and decrease lift by disrupting airflow

71
Q

How do ground spoilers work

A

dump lift and force full weight of aircraft onto landing gear

72
Q

How do speed brakes work

A

create drag to slow airplane (different from spoilers because they are on the fuselage)

73
Q

What are trim tabs

A

secondary controls that modify position in primary controls

74
Q

What is newton’s 1st law

A

object in motion will stay in motion

75
Q

what is Newton’s second law

A

rate of change is equal in both magnitude and direction to the force imposed on it

76
Q

what is Newton’s third law

A

equal and opposite reaction

77
Q

What is the atmosphere make up

A

78 % N, 21% O, 1% other

78
Q

How does a stall occur

A

angle of attack is exceeded and airflow over wing is disrupted and no longer sticks to shape of wing

79
Q

What are the two types of supersonic airfoils and what are their special traits

A

circular, double wedge
sharp leading/trailing edges
max thickness in the middle

80
Q

What is the laminar layer of air

A

part of air that stick smoothly to shape of wing

AT 106 (3 decks)

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