106 Mod F, G Flashcards
T or F: ACTIVITY is actively participating or internally driven.
True.
Explain Alternative Child Care
Care outside of the primary caregiver. Consists of center based care, family child care and home care
Define Antigen
induces formation of antibodies
Define Autoimmunity
body begins to fight itself
Lupus and Juvenile arthritis are examples of:
autoimmunity
Stroking the bottom of the infants foot (which causes the infant to spread his/her toes apart) is called:
Babinski reflex
The Babinski reflex usually disappears in children at what age?
1 year of age
What could be the problem if the infant’s Babinski reflex is abnormal?
Cerebral Palsy
What is another word for adaptation to loss?
Bereavement
This is a way for children who lack social skills to express their anger by inflicting verbal or physical abuse on another child:
Bullying
What should the nurse do regarding bullying?
educate parents and teachers, provide support and help bully; help make and maintain friends, provide alternative methods for coping.
Recurrent episodes of unexplained crying and the inability to be consoled are called:
Colic
How do you treat Colic?
Feed slowly, burp often, DO NOT OVERFEED, avoid gassy food for mom (if breastfeeding), swaddle baby, take it for a ride in the car, use swing, massage baby’s back, let them cry
This concept states that change is orderly and built upon earlier experience and the course of development looks like a smooth growth curve:
Continuity
A limited time span when a child is biologically prepared to acquire certain behaviors; but needs support of a stimulating environment is called:
Critical period
Predictable physiological, psychological and cognitive developments over the lifespan due to growth and learning is called:
Development
This phrase describes an age based on functional behaviors and the ability to adapt to the environment:
Developmental Age
T or F: Diapers and Politicians should be changed often.
True, and for the same reasons.
This concept states development is a series of discrete steps or stages that elevate the child to a more advanced level of functioning with increased age; that development basically looks like a flight of stairs and that behavior later in life has replaced behavior from earlier in life:
Discontinuity
This word describes Freud’s component of personality that deals with reality or realistic ways of satisfying instinctual drives:
Ego
The girl’s version of an Oedipus Complex is called:
Electra Complex
The ability to speak is also called:
Expressive Language
What could be the reason behind an abnormal gag reflex?
Neurological damage
The way we think about ourselves as male or female is called:
Gender identity
When the palms of hands or feet of an infant are stimulated near the base of the digits causing flexion of hands or toes, this is called:
Grasping Reflex
How long does the Grasping Reflex last in infants?
About 8 months
What could be wrong if an infant has an abnormal Grasping Reflex?
Lesions on the Frontal Lobe
Define Grief & Loss.
A complex range of feelings, cognition and behaviors
Developmental maturation in posture, head balance, sitting, standing and walking is called:
Gross Motor Development
T or F: Growth charts usually have a consistent pattern
True
T or F: There are separate Growth Charts for boys and girls.
True
The physiological increase in size as measured by weight or height is called:
Growth
A bee sting or an bad reaction to drugs can be called:
Hypersensitivity Reaction.
Frued’s component of personality that deals with “ME, ME, ME, ME!” (also called The Pleasure Principle) is called:
Id
T or F: They should hurry up and make Austin Powers 4.
True. All I want are frickin’ sharks with frickin’ laser beams attached to their heads!
How are Immune Breakdowns classified?
As either a Under-reaction or an Over-reaction
This thing responds and recognizes self from non-self
Immune System
Cancers and Immunodeficiencies are examples of:
Immune Underreaction
Name 5 inactive vaccines:
Dtap, Hep A, Hep B, IPV, Influenza
Describe infant dental care
swab tongue clean, use only fluoride suppliments; and keep the cavity clean
Describe infant nutrition
Breast milk (CHUG! CHUG! CHUG!) or Formula, solid foods, weaning, use of pacifier
This keeps antigens from spreading, disposes of cellular debris and is “damage repair”; it is where WBC’s go to battle infections:
Inflammatory Response
Children who are at home alone when they get home from school are called:
Latchkey Kids. Not to be confused with Flintstone Kids. 10 million strong…..and growing.
A breakdown in immune system where the normal bone marrow forms an overgrowth of abnormal immature lymphocytes or blasts is called:
Leukemia
What are the two main types of Leukemia?
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia and Acute Myleogenous Leukemia.
When faced with a sudden change in position or jarring, the baby responds with arms extended, head moves back, fingers spread apart with thumb and forefinger forming a “c”, followed by hands being brought back to center with hands clinched is called:
Moro Reflex. Not to be confused with the Philippines-based Moro Islamic Liberation Front (whose acronym is MILF). Seriously, they exist. Google it after the test.
The process one goes through on the way to adaptation is called:
Mourning
This describes the genetically inherited traits such as eye color or body type
Nature
The boys version of the Electra Complex:
Oedipal Complex.
This is shaped by child rearing or external forces:
Passivity
What is Phagocytosis?
Where WBC’s destroy antigens
Severe Combined Immune Deficiency Syndrome (SCIDS) is an example of:
Primary Immunodeficiency
Proximodistal is…
Starting midline and going outward
This is a state where secondary sex characteristics begin to appear, sex organs mature, reproduction becomes possible and a person gets large growth spurts:
Puberty
The ability to understand words is called:
Receptive Language
Stroking or touching the cheek of an infant causing its head to turn toward stimuli is called:
Rooting Reflex
When does the Rooting Reflex normally disappear?
4 months
What could be wrong if the Rooting Reflex is abnormal?
Frontal Lobe lesion
What are some examples of Secondary Immunodeficiency?
Anything acquired such as AIDS, Human T lympotrophic Viral Leukemia
The time span that is optimal for certain capacities to emerge when the individual is especially receptive to environmental influences is called:
Sensitive Period
The initial dose of an antigen is called:
Sensitizing dose
This occurs when a child is separated from a care giver…the child doesn’t understand that the person will return.
Separation Anxiety
This sets off a hypersensitivity reaction and can possibly lead to tissue damage:
Shocking Dose
What are some examples of Solid Foods?
rice cereal, then vegetables, fruit, meat, eggs. These should be introduced one at a time. Juice is not indicated until 1 year.
Explain SIDS
the sudden unexplained death of an infant between 1 month and 1 year of age after all known causes have been ruled out.
Freud’s component of personality that deals with conscience; the superego that balances the Id and ego and strives for perfection:
Superego
The way the child acts with its surrounding environment is called:
Temperment
When the head of an infant is turned to one side when supine, the infant extends arm and leg on the side the head is facing while the other extremities are flexed is called:
Tonic Neck Reflex
What could cause an abnormal response to the Tonic Neck Reflex?
Neurological Damage
When does the Moro Reflex disappear?
3-4 months
This drug is an antipyretic and non-opioid analgesic
Tylenol
What is another name for Tylenol
Acetaminophen
T or F: You would give Tylenol (Acetaminophen) because it is anti-inflammatory
False. Tylenol (Acetaminophen) has NO anti-inflammatory properties
What happens if you OD on Tylenol?
Hepatic Failure.
Teaching implications for Tylenol include:
Teach correct formulation and measuring.
Would you give Tylenol or ASA for viral infections in pediatrics?
Tylenol
What drug would you give for exercised-induced bronchospasm?
Albuterol
Who is Albuterol taken?
PO. Not to be confused with Po Po. They’re the police.
What is another name for Pediapred?
Prednisolone. It is a systemic corticosteroid.
What is a side effect of Pediapred (Prednisolone)?
It INCREASES susceptibility to infections
This drug is an anti-emetic:
Zofran
Another name for Zofran is:
Ondansetron
What is Zofran (Ondansetron) used for?
prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with chemo or radiation therapy.
How is Zofran given?
IM, IV, PO
Ampicillin is a type of:
Anti-infective
How is Ampicillin taken?
IM, IV, PO
What should you watch out for with Ampicillin?
ANAPHYLAXIS
Cromolyn is a type of:
Antiasthmatic
Cromolyn is a type of:
Antiasthmatic
What is Cromolyn used for?
Long term control and management of asthma and prevention of exercise induced asthma.
What is Cromolyn used for?
Long term control and management of asthma and prevention of exercise induced asthma.
T or F: Cromolyn can be used as an anti-asthmatic, anti-allergy or as a cold and cough remedy.
True
How does Cromolyn work?
It prevents the release of histamine and leukotrienes.
What drug decreases the frequency and severity of asthmatic episodes?
Cromolyn
Why is Dtap given?
Given to postpartum moms to prevent vertical transmission of whooping cough. Do not confuse with whoopy cough, or coughing during whoopy. That is a less severe but annoying condition.
T or F: Cromolyn can be used as an anti-asthmatic, anti-allergy or as a cold and cough remedy.
True
How does Cromolyn work?
It prevents the release of histamine and leukotrienes.
What drug decreases the frequency and severity of asthmatic episodes?
Cromolyn
Why is Dtap given?
Given to postpartum moms to prevent vertical transmission of whooping cough. Do not confuse with whoopy cough, or coughing during whoopy. That is a less severe but annoying condition.
What is another name for Xopenex?
Levabuterol
What is Xopenex used for?
Bronchospasm SHORT TERM control agent
How does Xopenex work?
It relaxes the airway smooth muscle
How long does it take for Xopenex to kick in?
10-17 minutes
How long does Xopenex last?
5-6 hours
How is Xopenex administered?
inhalation/nebulizer
What Serevent used for?
LONG TERM control of asthma and prevention of bronchospasm
T or F: Serevent’s action is primarily local.
True
T or F: Serevent is used in the prevention of exercise induced asthma.
True
This drug on our test is an anti-viral:
Virazole
What is another name for Virazole?
Ribavirin
What is Virazole (Ribavirin) used for?
Severe lower resp. infection caused by RSV
When should Virazole (Ribavirin) be used?
within the first 3 days of infection
What pregnancy category is Virazole (Ribavirin)?
Category X. Do not confuse with X rated movies. That’s what often gets people pregnant.
This drug is a pancreatic enzyme:
Ultrase
What is another name for Ultrase?
Pancrelipase
What is Ultrase (Pancrelipase) used for?
pancreatic insufficiency associated with cystic fibrosis
What does Ultrase (Pancrelipase) do?
it increases the digestion of fats, CHO, and proteins
T or F: Ultrase (Pancrelipase) must be taken before meals.
False. It can be taken before OR after meals.
T or F: Ultrase (Pancrelipase) has a rapid onset.
tRUE.
This medication on our test is an anti-histamine that is excreted in breast milk:
Zyrtec
What is Zyrtec used for?
Relief of symptoms caused by histamine release (seasonal, perennial, chronic urticarial, etc)
T or F: Albuterol can be used as a long term control agent in chronic/persistent bronchospasms.
True.
What is another name for Zyrtec?
Cetirizine
What drug would be appropriate to prevent organ rejection?
Pediapred (Prednisolone)
T or F: Pediapred has anti-inflammatory properties.
True. Pediapred suppresses inflammation.
T or F: Albuterol can be used as a long term control agent in chronic/persistent bronchospasms.
True.
Describe the ADOLESCENT STAGE OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
12-19 years or later; transition period between childhood and adulthood; physiological maturation occurs, formal operational though begins; preparation for becoming an adult takes place.
Describe the TODDLER STAGE OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
1-3 years; motor ability coordination, sensory skills developing; basic feelings, emotions, a sense of self and being independent
Describe PRESSCHOOLER STAGE OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
3-6 years; continued physiological, psychological and cognitive growth; better able to care for themselves, interested in playing with other children; beginning to develop a concept of who they are
Describe the SCHOOL AGE STAGE OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
6-12 years; interested in achievement; ability to read, write and complete academic work; understanding of the world broadens
Describe the ADOLESCENT STAGE OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
12-19 years or later; transition period between childhood and adulthood; physiological maturation occurs, formal operational though begins; preparation for becoming an adult takes place.
In which stage of human development does a child develop motor ability coordination?
Toddler 1-3 years
In which stage does of human development does a child develop attachments to family members and caregivers?
Infant Birth-1 year
In which stage of human development does a child begin to physiologically mature?
Adolescent 12-19 years
In which stage of human development does a child become interested in achievement?
School age 6-12 years
In which stage of human development does a child begin formal operational though?
Adolescent 12-19 years
In which stage of human development does a child start to want to be independent?
Toddler 1-3 years
In which stage of human development does a child begin to develop sensory skills?
Toddler 1-3 years
In which stage of human development does a child begin to develop a concept of who they are?
Preschooler 3-6 years
In which stage of human development does a child develop emotions?
Toddler 1-3 years
In the stages of human development, what age range is assigned to a toddler?
1-3 years
In the stages of human development, what age range is assigned to preschooler?
3-6 years
In the stages of human development, what age range is assigned to an infant?
Birth - 1 year
In the stages of human development, what age range is assigned to a school age person?
6-12 years
Discuss how development is directional.
Cephalocaudal / proximodistal; head to toe, inside to outside
Discuss how growth is orderly and sequential.
Maturation follows a predictable and universal time table; kids learn to crawl, then walk, then run; onset varies but the sequence is the same.
A Rabbi, a Preacher and a Priest walk into a bar…
That’s as far as I’ve gotten with the joke. Working on the rest.
Discuss how development is unique for each child.
Each child has a unique timetable for physiological, physchosocial, cognitive and moral development
Discuss how development is directional.
Cephalocaudal / proximodistal; head to toe, inside to outside
Discuss how development becomes increasingly differentiated.
Response becomes more specific and skillful as a child grows. Example: A baby might lay and writhe in pain to a bee sting; where a 7 year old may cry and only hold his arm.
Discuss how development becomes increasingly complex.
Skills build on top of one another. Example; Baby coos, then babbles, then speaks in broken language; then uses sentence structure.
When are children considered competent?
When they possess skills and abilities to ensure their survival (cough, sneeze, cry)
Discuss new skills.
There is a strong drive to practice newly acquired skills and abilities early in life; kids cannot cope well with several new skills at the same time.
What do developmentalists think about the Nature vs. Nurture theory?
They believe there is merit in both.
Discuss Continuity vs. Discontinuity.
This theme addresses the nature across development. Continuity = change is orderly and built upon earlier experiences (smooth growth curve). Discontinuity = behaviors are a series of discrete steps that elevate the child to a more advanced level of functioning (like a flight of stairs)
In Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development, which stage involves sexual desires toward opposite gender, learning how to form loving relationships and learning how to manage seual urges in socially appropriate ways?
Genital 12 years or more
In Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development, which stage involves submerged sex drives, the adoption of appropriate gender roles and learning about society?
Latency 6-11 years
In Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development, which stage involves attachment to mother because she usually meets the infant’s needs?
Oral birth to 1 year
In Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development, which stage involves learning to control body functions?
Anal 1-3 years
In Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development, which stage involves a fascination with gender differences, childbirth and includes the Oedipal or Electra complex?
Phallic 3-6 years
In Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory of Development, what happens in Identity vs. Role Confusion?
12-18 years; develops sense of self; gains independence from parents; peers are important.
In Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory of Development, what happens in Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt?
1.5 to 3 years; learns independent behaviors regarding toileting, bathing, feeding, dressing; exerts self and exercises choices.
In Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory of Development, what happens in Initiative vs. Guilt?
3-6 years; Goal directed, competitive, demonstrates exploratory behavior and imaginative play.
In Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory of Development, what happens in Industry vs. Inferiority?
6-11 years; learns self-worth and gains mastery of psychosocial, physiological and cognitive skills; becomes society or peer focused.
In Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory of Development, what happens in Identity vs. Role Confusion?
12-18 years; develops sense of self; gains independence from parents; peers are important.
In which stage of Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory of Development does a child become goal directed, competitive and exhibits exploratory behavior and imaginative play?
Initiative vs Guilt 3-6 years
In which stage of Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory of Development does a child learn independent behaviors regarding toileting, bathing, feeding, dressing?
Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt 1.5 - 3 years
In which stage of Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory of Development does a child learn that the world is good and can be trusted as basic needs are met?
Trust vs. Mistrust 1 month to 1.5 years
In which stage of Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory of Development does a child learn self-worth and become peer-focused?
Industry vs. Inferiority 6-11 years
In which stage of Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory of Development does a child develop a sense of self and gains independence from parents?
Identity vs. Role Confusion 12-18 years
According to Sullivan’s Interpersonal Development Theory, in which stage is a child vulnerable to teasing?
Preadolescence 9-12 years
According to Sullivan’s Interpersonal Development Theory, in which stage does a child master expression of sexual impulses and forms responsible and satisfying relationships with others?
Late Adolescence 12-19 years
According to Sullivan’s Interpersonal Development Theory, in which stage does a child master independence and develops relationships with persons of opposite gender?
Early Adolescence 12-15 years
According to Sullivan’s Interpersonal Development Theory, in which stage does a child increase intellectual abilities; learns to control behavior and own place in the world?
Late Childhood 6-9 years
According to Sullivan’s Interpersonal Development Theory, in which stage does a child learn to clarify communications and recognizes approval or disapproval and delays gratification?
Early Childhood 18 months - 6 years
According to Sullivan’s Interpersonal Development Theory, in which stage does a child learn to rely on others (especially the mother) and the “good me”/”bad me” emerges?
Infant 0-18 months
T or F: King Abdullah II of Jordan played as an “extra” on Star Trek Voyager.
True, although it was a non-speaking role. Sadly, this coolness dissolved when he recently accused the Muslim Brotherhood of being a “Masonic Cult”.
According to Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development, in which stage does the child
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