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KIN 105 - INDIGENOUS SPORT AND HEALTH > 105 > Flashcards

105 Flashcards

Has most of the information from the final outline. I got lazy towards the end and didn't finish.

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1
Q

Australopithecus

A
  • a fossil bipedal primate with both ape-like and human characteristics
  • 3-4 mya
  • small brain, reduced size of teeth from apes, bipedal, grinding molars
  • foragers: plants, berries, roots, starches
  • eastern africa in riff valley
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2
Q

“Lucy”

A
  • several hundred pieces of bone fossils representing 40 percent of the skeleton of a female of the hominin species Australopithecus afarensis
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3
Q

Homo Erectus

A
  • 2mya - 100 000 BCE
  • fossils found in Africa, southern and Eastern Asia (colonizing new worlds)
  • traits: increased brain size, smaller jaw size, vertical shortening of the face, shortening of the arms, more barrel shaped chests, formation of external noses, taller, highly social
  • FIRST INDICATION OF MEAT CONSUMPTION which likely fuelled these new traits
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4
Q

Savannah Theory

A
  • hypothesis that human bipedalism evolved as a direct result of human ancestors transition from an arboreal lifestyle to one on the savannahs/grasslands
  • due to environmental change
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5
Q

bipedalism

A
  • a form of terrestrial locomotion where an organism moves by means of its two rear limbs or legs.
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6
Q

The Endurance Running Hypothesis

A
  • hypothesis that the evolution of certain human characteristics can be explained as adaptations to long-distance running.
  • hypothesis suggests that endurance running played an important role for early hominins in obtaining food.
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7
Q

Persistence Hunting

A
  • a hunting technique in which hunters, who may be slower than their prey over short distances, use a combination of running, walking, and tracking to pursue prey until it is exhausted/overheated
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8
Q

Circumpolar

A
  • situated around or inhabiting one of the earth’s poles.
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9
Q

The Thule people

A
  • ancestors of the Inuit
  • participated in open boat whaling
  • lived in small communities (share a whole whale for a year)
  • dependent on whale (adolescent-no older than 7 years)
  • used ribs of whales as arched roof of house
  • didn’t move around
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10
Q

Band Society

A
  • the simplest form of human society
  • consists of a small kin group, no larger than an extended family or clan
  • a social group among hunter-gathers
  • small, varied according to availability of game
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11
Q

Algonkian, Siouan, Athapaskan

A
  • language groups
    Algonkian - (Blackfoot, Cree, Saulteaux)
    Siouan - (Dakota, Lakota, Nakota)
    Athapaskan - (Sacree, Apache)
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12
Q

Hereditary leadership

A
  • those who inherit the title and responsibilities according to the history and cultural values of their community
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13
Q

Aboriginal horticulture

A
  • practice of small-scale intercropping, garden cultivation and management
  • corn, beans squash
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14
Q

Longhouse

A
  • the traditional dwelling of the Iroquois

- large communal village house

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15
Q

Bison

A
  • keystone species (other species in an ecosystem largely depend)
  • were hunted almost to extinction in the 19th century
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16
Q

Salmon

A
  • play an important role in their ecosystem

- keystone species of the Pacific Northwest

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17
Q

Potlatch

A
  • a gift-giving feast practiced by indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast
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18
Q

Pueblo villages

A
  • settlement of the southwestern US
  • along the rio grand
  • apartment like structure
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19
Q

Cahokia

A
  • location where Mississippian culture thrived before European explorers
  • was once one of the greatest cities in the world
  • hella advanced
  • agriculture of corn, beans, and squash
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20
Q

Chunkey

A
  • a game of Native American origin
  • played by rolling disc-shaped stones across the ground and throwing spears at them in an attempt to land the spear as close to the stopped stone as possible
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21
Q

Smallpox epidemic 1780s

A
  • in the Hudson Bay region
  • shaped the Outcome of the Revolutionary War
  • Americans were the first to use inoculation, British and their allies suffered great mortality
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22
Q

Smallpox epidemic 1730s

A
  • around the Great Lakes

- devastated Indigenous communities living on the North American plains

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23
Q

Moundbuilders - Great Serpent Mound

A
  • southwestern Ohio is the largest serpent effigy in the world
  • head of the serpent aligns with the summer solstice sunset while the tail points to the winter solstice sunrise
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24
Q

Monk’s Mound

A
  • largest Pre-Columbian earthwork in the Americas and the largest pyramid north of Mesoamerica
  • constructed as the symbolic center of Cahokia
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25
Q

‘Running Hard Labour’

A
  • Early ethnographer James Adair translated the Chunkey to mean “running hard labor”
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26
Q

Taino

A
  • name Taíno was given by Columbus

- indigenous people of the Caribbean

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27
Q

American Holocaust

A
  • the events of colonization and their impact on First Nations people
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28
Q

Smallpox

A
  • an acute contagious viral disease, with fever and pustules usually leaving permanent scars. It was effectively eradicated through vaccination by 1979.
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29
Q

Plague

A
  • a contagious bacterial disease characterized by fever and delirium, typically with the formation of buboes and potential infection in the lungs
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30
Q

Old World Diseases

A 
Smallpox
Typhoid
Bubonic Plague
Influenza
Mumps
Measles
Whooping cough
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31
Q

Syphilis-Yaws

A
  • Yaws is a tropical infection of the skin, bones and joints caused by bacterium
  • syphilis developed from yaws
  • originated in new world and spread to Europe
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32
Q

Tinochtitlan

A
  • Capital of: Aztec Empire

- central Mexico

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33
Q

Mayflower-Thanksgiving

A
  • mayflower arrived November 1620 in cape cod after a 2 month journey from England
  • depopulated village, occupied the site
  • 90% of the east coast population died
  • celebrated by the Pilgrims after their first harvest in the New World in October 1621
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34
Q

Zoonotic disease

A
  • a disease that can be transmitted from animals to people

- a disease that normally exists in animals but that can infect humans

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35
Q

Cowpox

A
  • a viral disease of cows’ udders which, when contracted by humans through contact, resembles mild smallpox, and was the basis of the first smallpox vaccines.
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36
Q

Tuberculosis

A
  • an infectious bacterial disease characterized by the growth of nodules (tubercles) in the tissues, especially the lungs.
  • cough up hella blood
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37
Q

Crow Creek, South Dakota

A
  • original community burnt down and was taken over
  • bones of 500 people
  • western movement as it was harder to grow crops
  • spike in TB due to malnourishment
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38
Q

Huron-Wendat

A
  • emerged as a tribe around the north shore of Lake Ontario

- Iroquoian-speaking

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39
Q

Inoculation vs. vaccination

A

inoculation: process of introducing A live organism is introduced in a controlled way into the body to trigger immune response against a specific disease
vaccination: introducing a weakened version of the pathogen, so that the immune response is triggered and the body is prepared to fight the actual pathogen if necessary.

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40
Q

Seven Year’s War

A
  • war changed economic, political, governmental, and social relations between Britain, France, and Spain; and their colonies
  • France and Britain both suffered financially because of the war, with significant long-term consequences.
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41
Q

Royal Proclamation (1763)

A
  • issued by King George III
  • following Great Britain’s acquisition of French territory in North America after the end of the seven years war
  • acknowledged that First Nations owned their territory
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42
Q

Eulachon-“Candle Fish”

A
  • it’s so full of oil it will burn just like a candle

- important product traded

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43
Q

The Mandan

A
  • a member of a North American people formerly living on the upper Missouri River in North Dakota.
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44
Q

W.H.O. smallpox eradication

A
  • declared eradicated in 1980 following a global immunization
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45
Q

“Pox Americana”

A
  • The Great Smallpox Epidemic of 1775-82

- during the American revolution

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46
Q

Pedestrian bison hunting-buffalo pounds

A
  • where hunters would set fire to grasses to force herds of bison over a cliff.
  • large-scale and highly specialized
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47
Q

“tallest in the world” (plains bison hunters)

A
  • they were tall because all they would eat is bison, so they were just hella jacked and lanky
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48
Q

Great Basin “Rabbit Hunts”

A
  • conduct communal rabbit hunts
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49
Q

Treaty 6

A
  • signed by Crown representatives and Cree, Assiniboine and Ojibwa leaders
  • 23 August 1876 at Fort Carlton, SK
  • central portions of present-day Alberta and Saskatchewan
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50
Q

Treaty 4

A
  • most of current day southern Saskatchewan, plus small portions of what are today western Manitoba, southeastern Alberta.
  • also called the “Qu’Appelle Treaty
  • 15 September 1874
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51
Q

Treaty 7

A
  • September 22, 1877

- signed at the Blackfoot Crossing of the Bow River (east of Calgary)

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52
Q

Thule-Inuit

A
  • the Thule are the ancestor of the Inuit
  • dependent on adolescent whale as food source
  • often lived in small communities
  • used ribs of whales as arched roof of house
  • were not mobile
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53
Q

Buffalo pounds

A
  • pedestrian bison hunting
  • buffalo were herded and trapped
  • run them into a fenced area in the woods and then trap them and shoot them
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54
Q

Medicine chest clause

A
  • the federal government has an obligation to provide all forms of healthcare to First Nations people on an ongoing basis
  • treaty 6
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55
Q

Famine and Pestilence clause of Treaty 6

A
  • a promise from the government to provide assistance in transitioning to an agricultural economy, a promise of a medicine chest to be kept at the house of each Indian agent, and a promise to protect Indigenous peoples in times of famine and pestilence
  • ensure safety of the people in that territory
  • not included in the previous five treaties
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56
Q

The National Policy election of 1878

A
  • Canadian economic program introduced by John A. Macdonald’s Conservative Party in 1876
  • put into action in 1879
  • Canada levied high tariffs on foreign imported goods, to shield Canadian manufacturers from American competition
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57
Q

“Tallest in the world”

A
  • plains bison hunters

- high protein diet = BIG MAN

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58
Q

Genocide in California

A
  • discovery of gold at nearby Sutter’s Mill in 1848
  • 20 years, 80 percent of California’s Native Americans were wiped out
  • 9000-16 000 were murdered
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59
Q

Great Basin “Rabbit Hunts”

A
  • communal rabbit hunts
  • they hunted during the day and danced at night
  • women participated
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60
Q

Rupert’s Land Purchase

A
  • Three years after Confederation, the Government of Canada acquired Rupert’s Land from the HBC for $1.5-million
  • largest real estate transaction (by land area) in the country’s history
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61
Q

British North America Act (1867)

A
  • also called Constitution Act, 1867

- Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Canada were united as one Dominion under the name of Canada

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62
Q

Indian Act (1876)

A
  • allowed the government to control most aspects of aboriginal life
  • indian status, land, resources, wills, education, band administration
  • aimed to assimilate First Nations (excludes Metis and Inuit)
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63
Q

Infected Blankets

A
  • General Jeffery Amherst
  • post battle of Abraham
  • biological warfare was the only way to beat FN
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64
Q
  • Cherokee “Trail of Tears”
A
  • part of Andrew Jackson’s Indian removal policy
  • Cherokee nation was forced to give up its lands east of the Mississippi River and to migrate to an area in present-day Oklahoma
  • died of cold, hunger, and disease on their way to the western lands
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65
Q

Ration houses on reserves

A
  • government officials withheld food from aboriginal people until they moved to their appointed reserves, forcing them to trade freedom for rations
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66
Q

The Royal Charter of the Hudson’s Bay Company 1670

A
  • from King Charles II
  • granted the company a monopoly over the region drained by all rivers and streams flowing into Hudson Bay in northern Canada
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67
Q

“Middleman” of the fur trade

A
  • Iroquois, were the only middlemen between the Europeans and the other Indians who lived in the West
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68
Q

Camas Root

A
  • cough medicine

- boiled, and the juice is strained and mixed with honey

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69
Q

Lekwungen Blankets (Northwest Coast)

A
  • were the primary medium of exchange
  • held much spiritual significance
  • composed of mountain goat hair mixed with the hair of (now extinct) wool dogs
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70
Q

Northwest coast fishing weirs

A
  • well-known fishing method for much of the Northwest coast of North America
  • larger traps communally maintained and used by an entire village
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71
Q

Dakota “Winter Counts”

A
  • record of history
  • Plains Indians drew pictographs to document their daily experiences
  • provided an outline of events for the community’s Keeper or oral historian
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72
Q

The Pueblo Revolt (1680)

A
  • an uprising of most of the indigenous Pueblo people against the Spanish colonizers in the province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México
  • The Pueblo Revolt (1680)
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73
Q

Battle of the Plains of Abraham-Seven Year’s War

A
  • A British invasion force led by General James Wolfe defeated French troops under the Marquis de Montcalm
  • surrender of Quebec to the British
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74
Q

The buffalo hide trade

A
  • meat for sustenance, tallow for cooking and candles, and hides for the heavy robes that fended off hard prairie winters
  • made ideal machinery belting
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75
Q

Fine “bone” china

A
  • type of porcelain that is composed of bone ash

- grind up bison bones and make dishes

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76
Q

The “Black Death”

A
  • black plague that ravaged Europe and killed a third of its population
  • flea to rat to human
  • bacterium
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77
Q

Difference between inoculation and vaccination

A

Inoculation: inoculation is purposefully infecting a person with a pathogen in a controlled way
Vaccination: involves showing the immune system something which looks very similar to a particular virus or bacteria

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78
Q

Yaws

A
  • chronic infection that affects mainly the skin, bone and cartilage
  • disfiguring and debilitating childhood infectious disease
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79
Q

Syphilis

A
  • bacterial infection usually spread by sexual contact

- developed from yaws

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80
Q

The beaver’s role in the fur trade

A
  • Beaver pelts were central to the early Canadian trade economy
  • essential part of the development of relations between Aboriginal peoples and European settlers
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81
Q

Bramble & Lieberman

A

“Endurance running and the evolution of Homo” theory

82
Q

The Great Peacemaker (Deganawida)

A
  • the founder of the Haudenosaunee

- political and cultural union of five Iroquoian-speaking Native American tribes

83
Q

Henry Dobyns

A
  • anthropologist, author and researcher specializing in the ethnohistory and demography of native peoples in the American hemisphere
  • used depopulation ratios to assert an aboriginal population size of North America between 9 and 12 million people
84
Q

Hernando Cortez

A
  • led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of what is now mainland Mexico under the rule of the King of Castile
85
Q

La Verendrye

A
  • French-Canadian explorer who established a chain of trading posts in New France, thus breaking Britain’s virtual monopoly on the Canadian fur trade.
86
Q

Jeffrey Amherst

A
  • served as an officer in the British Army and as Commander-in-Chief of the Forces
  • successful campaign to conquer the territory of New France during the Seven Years’ War
87
Q

Edward Cornwallis

A
  • British military officer

- implemented the first constitution in present-day Canada, establishing both an Executive and Legislative Council

88
Q

Edward Jenner and the gardener’s son

A
  • infected the kid with cowpox using pus gathered from the blisters of a milkmaid who had caught the infection from a cow
89
Q

Joseph Brant

A
  • Mohawk military and political leader
  • closely associated with Great Britain during and after the American Revolution
  • spokesman for his people
90
Q

Tecumseh

A
  • Native American Shawnee warrior and chief
  • promoted tribal unity
  • joined the British to fight the United States
91
Q

Chief Beardy

A
  • named because of his beard

- said to possess spiritual powers or “medicine”

92
Q

Alfred Crosby

A
  • coined the term “Columbian Exchange” describes the interchange of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old World and the Americas following Columbus’ arrival in the Caribbean in 1492.
93
Q

Alfred Kroeber

A
  • was an American cultural anthropologist

- connections between archaeology and culture

94
Q

Ishi

A
  • the last surviving member of the Yahi people
95
Q

The Savannah theory of human evolution

A
  • hypothesis that human bipedalism evolved as a direct result of human ancestors transition from an arboreal lifestyle to one on the savannas
96
Q

Arctic

A
  • small hunting groups
  • little specialization, everyone does everything
  • north of the tree line
  • coastal oriented
97
Q

Subarctic

A
  • Canadian shield
  • continental climate
  • hunter-gatherers (band societies 10-75 people)
  • hunting, fishing, some collecting
  • Alogonkian and Athapaskan
98
Q

Northeast

A
  • great lakes
  • confederacies, band societies
  • horticulture along with hunting
  • benign environment (oak trees)
  • greater level of social satisfaction
  • hereditary leadership and formal diplomatic practices
99
Q

Southeast

A
  • rich and diverse environment
  • conditions led to high levels of social organization (chiefdoms)
  • high-population dense
  • maize-based agriculture and complex trade networks
100
Q

Plains

A
  • dry environment
  • rain shadow of the rockies
  • importance of bison for food (centre of society)
  • alogonkians, siouans, athapaskan
  • non kin based organizations
  • large communities due to a surplus of food
101
Q

Plateau

A
  • essentially the basins of important rivers in the west (Columbia, Fraser)
  • dependence on fish
  • variable climate
  • traders, furs trade
102
Q

Northwest Coast

A
  • rich environment (salmon, people did not need to travel to find food)
  • very old villages
  • very formalized and stratified societies
  • wealth redistributed through potlatches (gift giving feast)
  • settlement allowed for the development of diverse languages
  • cedar canoes and candle fish
103
Q

Great Basin

A
  • mostly desert (dry, could be cold - Utah and Nevada)
  • very low level social organization
  • very tough environment (lack of vegetation, large game)
  • seed subsistence zone like pine nuts
104
Q

California

A
  • diverse environment (riverine, Central Valley, plains)
  • coastal-fish, Sea mammals
  • small villages
105
Q

Southwest

A
  • desert farmers (river beds)
  • cultural affinity to mesoamerica
  • pueblo villages (apartment like)
  • apache (equestrian hunters)
  • corn, beans, squash
106
Q

Culture

A
  • the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively
107
Q

Oxendine’s characteristics of Indigenous North American Sports

A
  1. a strong connection between sport and other social, spiritual or economic aspects
  2. serious preparation of mind, body and spirit
  3. assumed that rigid adherence to standardized rules & technology
  4. strong allegiance to high standards of sportsmanship and fair play
  5. special perspective on team membership an leadership styles
    * * gambling and aesthetic is a vital component
108
Q

America in 1491

A
  • pre Columbus bullshit
109
Q

What did domesticated animals have to do with the massive death rate of Indigenous people upon the arrival of Europeans in America?

A
  • brought sickness along with them which infected the indigenous people
110
Q

Virgin Soil Epidemics

A
  • virgin soil epidemic are those in which the populations at risk have no previous contact with the diseases that strike them and are therefore immunologically almost defenceless
111
Q

Columbian Exchange

A
  • after 1500
  • encounter between old and new world was the greatest interaction between previously separated separated ecosystems ever
112
Q

Why were milkmaids considered the most beautiful women in historic Europe?

A
  • the milkmaid is beautiful because she cannot catch smallpox
113
Q

Medieval Warm Period

A
  • time of warm climate in the North Atlantic region lasting from c. 950 to c. 1250
114
Q

The Little Ice Age

A
  • Little Ice Age was a period of cooling that occurred after the Medieval Warm Period
  • 1300 to about 1850
115
Q

Physical attributes that allowed Homo Erectus to run

A
  • formation of external nose
  • sweat glands for heat regulation
  • less hair
  • large gluteal muscles
  • springy tendons
  • mouth breathing
116
Q

Extermination of the bison

A
  • hunted almost to extinction in the 19th century
  • less than 100 remained in the wild by the late 1880s
  • hunted for their skins and tongues with the rest of the animal left behind to decay on the ground
117
Q

Assiniboine-Nakota people

A
  • key role as intermediaries, trading European goods to more distant Plains peoples
118
Q

What was the purpose of the Numbered Treaties in western Canada (for the whites and for Indigenous people)

A
  • used as political tools to secure alliances and to ensure that both parties could achieve the goals they had set out for their peoples
119
Q

What was the impact of the introduction of American crops to Europe?

A
  • population explosion
  • improved agricultural methods
  • some areas experienced the population doubling every 25 years
120
Q

What was the “Famine and Pestilence” clause of Treaty 6 and why is it important?

A
  • many Indigenous peoples suffered and died through continuing famine and pestilence
  • Canadian government broke its promises to Indigenous peoples and allowed continued suffering and death in Indigenous communities
121
Q

Alexander Morris

A
  • involved in negotiating Treaty 3, Treaty 4, Treaty 5 and Treaty 6 with the Plains Indigenous Peoples
  • politician, law maker
122
Q

Big Bear

A
  • Plains Cree chief
  • best known for his refusal to sign Treaty 6
  • band’s involvement in violent conflicts associated with the 1885 North-West Rebellion
123
Q

Sir John A. Macdonald

A
  • first prime minister of Canada

- dominant figure of Canadian Confederation

124
Q

Edgar Dewdney

A
  • Canadian surveyor, road builder, Indian commissioner and politician
125
Q

Nicholas Flood Davin

A
  • lawyer, journalist and politician
  • known as the voice of the North-West
  • founded and edited the Regina Leader
  • tried to gain provincial status for the territory
126
Q

The Davin Report

A
  • advised the federal government to institute residential schools for Indigenous children
  • believed industrial boarding schools were superior to day schools
127
Q

Davin School

A
  • now called The Crescents School

- industrial school

128
Q

Col. Richard Henry Pratt

A
  • best known as the founder and longtime superintendent of the influential Carlisle Indian Industrial School at Carlisle, Pennsylvania
  • “kill the Indian… and save the man”
129
Q

Carlisle Indian School

A
  • flagship Indian boarding school in the United States from 1879 through 1918
  • now a USA war college
  • military style teaching for indigenous children
130
Q

Hampton Institute

A
  • school where young African Americans were to be trained as teachers
  • Armstrong intended Hampton to be a model school
131
Q

Fort Walsh Maple Creek

A
  • North-West Mounted Police fort and the site of the Cypress Hills Massacre
132
Q

Cypress Hills Massacre

A
  • mass murder that occurred on June 1, 1873

- killing at least 20 men, women, and children

133
Q

“Ethnic Cleansing” of southwestern Saskatchewan

A
  • number of children who died in residential schools
  • starvation policy in the Cypress Hills as a means to exert control over First Nations people in the region and force them to move to other areas
  • Cypress Hills contained more than 50% of the total First Nations populations from Treaty 4 and 6
134
Q

Withholding of rations

A
  • using hunger to clear the West
  • medical experimentation on malnourished aboriginal people in northern Canada and in residential schools
  • make way for railway construction and settlement
135
Q

The “Permit System”

A
  • ensured that First Nations were only able to attain a subsistence level of farming
  • limited interaction between First Nation farmers and the non-First Nations
136
Q

The “Pass System”

A
  • Indigenous people had to present a travel document authorized by an Indian agent in order to leave and return to their reserves
  • aimed to prevent large gatherings
  • believed that the pass system would prevent another conflict like the Northwest Resistance
137
Q

The Peasant Farming Policy

A
  • Church and government encouraged Aboriginal people of the Prairies to become farmers
  • Peasant Farm Policy was implemented, effectively reducing what Aboriginal farmers’ could earn
138
Q

Louis Tewanema

A
  • American two-time Olympic distance runner and silver medalist in the 10,000 meter run in 1912
139
Q

Jim Thorpe

A
  • he first to win both the decathlon and pentathlon events at the Olympic Games (gold)
  • considered one of the greatest athletes of all time
140
Q

“Pop” Warner

A
  • American college football coach at various institutions who is responsible for several key aspects of the modern game
  • Carlisle’s coach
141
Q

Stanford Indians

A
  • Stanford was known as the “Indians” from 1930-72

- then they were the trees, and then they were the cardinals

142
Q

Florida State University Seminoles

A
  • The Seminole are a Native American people originally from Florida
  • this is one of the only names that hasn’t changed though it can potentially be regarded as racist
  • mascots were low-key racist af: Sammy Seminole, Chief Osceola
143
Q

Tom Longboat

A
  • Onondaga distance runner from the Six Nations Reserve

- soldier in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War

144
Q

Paul Acoose

A
  • champion of western Canada in the three and five mile running events
  • sask sports hall of fame
145
Q

Louis “Deerfoot” Bennett

A
  • famous runner from the United States whose most noted achievements took place in England
  • first American to win gold in 10,000m race
  • gamble on running against him in England to make money
146
Q

Joe Keeper

A
  • Canadian long distance runner, and a member of the 1912 Canadian Olympic team
  • residential school survivor
  • joined the army in WWI
147
Q

Alex Decoteau

A
  • Cree Canadian track and field athlete, police officer and soldier
  • joined Edmonton police in 1911
  • first Indigenous police officer in Canada
  • Died in Passendale, Belgium in WWI
148
Q

Oorang Indians

A
  • Jim Thorpe serving as its leading player and coach
  • team lasted a year
  • football team from Ohio at college level
149
Q

Washington “Redskins”

A
  • NFL team

- essential this racist name shit is even at the professional level

150
Q

Cleveland “Indians”

A
  • MLB team based out of Ohio

- “Chief Wahoo” as there mascot

151
Q

Swift Current Indians- “57s”

A
  • they changed their name to the 57’s to commemorate the 57 years the team was known as the indians
152
Q

Billy Mills

A
  • Oglala Lakota former track and field athlete who won a gold medal in the 10,000 meter run at the 1964 Tokyo Olympics
  • his win was considered an upset because he went into the competition virtually unknown
153
Q

Where were the 1912 olympics?

A
  • Stockholm, Sweden
154
Q

Chief Illiniwek

A
  • mascot of the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
  • basically a cheer leader in Indian regalia
  • retired in 2007
155
Q

The Executions at Battleford, November 1885

A
  • hanged eight Indigenous men for their role in the North-West Rebellion
  • children from Battleford Industrial School were brought from the school to witness the hangings as a “warning”
156
Q

The criminalization of religious and cultural practices 1885

A
  • federal government banned the potlatch from 1884 to 1951 in an amendment to the Indian Act
  • saw the ceremony as anti-Christian, reckless and wasteful of personal property
157
Q

Internment Camps

A
  • concentration camps
  • idk Canada did this on multiple occasions
  • forcibly making Native Americans work
158
Q

Treaty Land Entitlement 1990s-present

A
  • First Nations who did not receive all the land they were entitled to under treaties signed by the Crown and First Nations, can file a Treaty Land Entitlement (TLE) claim with the Government of Canada.
  • land claims
159
Q

Regina Indian Industrial School

A
  • cemetery on pinkie road

- (1891 – 1910) was operated by the Presbyterian

160
Q

Gordon’s Residential School

A
  • Punnichy, Saskatchewan.
  • anglican residential school
  • 1876 to 1946
161
Q

Dr. Peter Henderson Bryce

A
  • an official of the Ontario Health Department
  • submitted reports that highlighted the mistreatment of Indigenous students in the Canadian Indian residential school system and advocated for the improvement of environmental conditions at the schools
162
Q

Duncan Campbell Scott

A
  • Canadian bureaucrat, poet and prose writer
  • total cunt
  • run the residential school system at its peak (1913-1932)
  • extreme assimilationist
  • “Our objective is to continue until there is not a single Indian in Canada”
163
Q

Dr. Cindy Blackstock

A
  • activist for child welfare and executive director of the First Nations Child and Family Caring Society of Canada
  • a whole gem, lovely lady
164
Q

Enfranchisement

A
  • the giving of a right or privilege, especially the right to vote
  • indigenous in Canada counted vote until 1982
165
Q

Urban Reserves

A
  • and that the Government of Canada has designated as a First Nations reserve that is situated within an urban area
  • tax exemptions offered to traditional reserves
166
Q

The Haldimand Tract-Six Nations Reserve

A
  • decree that granted a tract of land to the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) in compensation for their alliance with British forces during the American Revolution
167
Q

Chaney Wenjack

A
  • Ojibwe First Nations boy who ran away from Cecilia Jeffrey Indian Residential
  • died from hunger and exposure to the harsh weather
168
Q

Kent Monkman-“The Scream”

A
  • painting that shows RCMP and priests taking young indigenous children from their mothers
169
Q

Treaty 8

A
  • June 21, 1899, between Queen Victoria and various First Nations of the Lesser Slave Lake area
  • north western sask to eastern BC
  • ongoing financial support, annual shipments of hunting supplies, and hunting rights on ceded lands, unless those ceded lands were used
170
Q

Treaty 10

A
  • 19 August 1906

- hunt, fish and trap were protected, but subject to government regulation

171
Q

Treaty 11

A
  • last of the Numbered Treaties, was an agreement established between 1921 and 1922
  • land in the area was deemed unsuitable for agriculture
  • annual payments and services, like medical care, education and old age care
  • Canada got gas and mineral exploration through the Mackenzie valley
172
Q

Ceded vs. Unceded Territory

A
  • crown land is unceded land meaning that Aboriginal Title has neither been surrendered nor acquired by the Crown (BC is majority unceded)
173
Q

File Hills Experimental Colony

A
  • select graduates from Indian Industrial and Residential Schools for the purpose of farming, community development and, ultimately, assimilation
174
Q

Blue Quills Indian Residential School

A
  • opened its doors in 1931 and was run by the Roman Catholic church
  • transformed into Blue Quills University
  • located north of edmonton
175
Q

Intergenerational Trauma

A
  • transmission of historical oppression and its negative consequences across generations
  • you’re personality develops from your parents, so if they are fucked up, you will likely be fucked up in the same way
176
Q

1990 Phil Fontaine-abuse in residential school

A
  • one of the first people to speak publicly about the physical, psychological, and sexual abuse he received while a student at the residential schools
177
Q

1996 Royal Commission of Aboriginal Peoples (RCAP)

A
  • established in 1991 to address many issues of Aboriginal status that had come to light with recent events such as the Oka Crisis and the Meech Lake Accord
  • The commission culminated in a final report of 4,000 pages, published in 1996
  • restore justice to the relationship between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people in Canada and to propose practical solutions to stubborn problems
178
Q

Thomas Moore-Keesig

A
  • face of Indian residential schools
  • enrolled in the Regina Indian Industrial School
  • photo is a comparison of the child pre and post residential schools (visuals)
179
Q

When did Indians become citizens?

A
  • 1947
180
Q

The “Equestrian Period” in Indigenous History

A

-

181
Q

The Chasqui Runners

A
  • main form of communication between the cities of the Incan empire was the Chasqui runners
  • could run almost 242 km a day
  • southern America (Peru)
182
Q

Geronimo-Apache “boot camp”

A
  • Geronimo was a prominent leader and medicine man
  • violently resisted the influx of white settlers
  • not sure what the boot camp shit is about so look at the slides
183
Q

Yale University Skull and Bones Society

A

-

184
Q

107th Timberwolf Battalion

A
  • served on the Western Front in France and Belgium
  • most of these soldiers were indigenous canadians
  • dispatch runners, a dangerous job that involved carrying handwritten messages at the Western Front
185
Q

Quipu

A
  • talking knots
  • keep records and communicate information
  • portable
186
Q

Popay-The Pueblos Revolt of 1680

A
  • Pueblo Indians rose up to overthrow the Spanish

- killed 400 Spanish and drove the remaining 2,000 settlers out of the province

187
Q

The “Iroquois” Trail

A
  • footpath that connected the tribes that comprised the Iroquois Confederation with other destinations
188
Q

FSU “Lady Scalp Hunters”

A
  • females supporting Florida states athletic program with a really inappropriate name
189
Q

Hard Rock Cafes

A
  • owned by seminoles
190
Q

Ralph Englestad (and his arena)

A

-

191
Q

Calgary Olympic Protest 1988 Lobicon Cree

A

-

192
Q

The “60s Scoop” AIM-Adopt Indian and Metis program

A

-

193
Q

Jordan’s Principle

A

-

194
Q

Segregated Medicine-Indian Hospitals

A

-

195
Q

Brian Sinclair

A

-

196
Q

Helen Betty Osborne

A

-

197
Q

Pamela George

A

-

198
Q

Why do we acknowledge “Traditional Territory” at public events?

A

-

199
Q

The Rosetto Effect

A

-

200
Q

Shannen’s Dream Attawapiskat School

A

-

201
Q

The Whitehall Studies (Sir Michael Marmot)

A

-

202
Q

Four Host First Nations

A
  • Musqeuam and Tsleil-Waututh First Nations, along with the Lil’Wat and Squamish
  • in BC by Vancouver

KIN 105 - INDIGENOUS SPORT AND HEALTH (1 decks)

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