104 Nav Aids Flashcards
NDB
Non-Directional Radio Beacon
Non-precision
Crude course guidance
VOR
VHF Omni-Directional Range Beacon
Non-precision
360 magnetic radials
VOT
VOR FAA Test Facility
VORTAC
VOR + TACAN (Tactical Air Navigation)
Equal to a VOR/DME
DME
Distance Measuring Equipment
Can be combined with VOR, ILS or LOC
VOR Classifications
High Altitude: 130 NM
Low Altitude: 40 NM (less than FL180)
ILS
Instrument Landing System
Precision approach
ILS Components
Localizer (LOC)
Glide slope (GS)
Marker Beacons
ILS Minimums
Cat I
DH 200’
RVR 2400’*
*may be reduced w/ additional lighting, autopilot, flight director or HUD
ILS Mínimums
Special Authorization (SA) CAT I
DH 150’
RVR 1400
HUD Needed
ILS Mínimums
CAT II
DH 100’
RVR 1200
With auto land or HUD = RVR 1000
ILS Mínimums
SA CAT II
DH 100
RVR 1000
High Min Cap
DH 150 and RVR 1600
SA CAT II (autoland or HUD)
DH 150 and RVR 1200
ILS Mínimums
CAT IIIA-C
CAT IIIA - No DH or DH below 100 feet & RVR not less than 700
CATIIIB - No DH or DH below 50 feet & RVR less than 700 but not less than 150’
CATIIIC - No DH and no RVR limitation
ALS
Approach Lighting Systems
ALSFII/I, MALSR
PAPI
Precision Approach Path Indicator
REIL
Runway End Identifier Lights
Types of Runway Edge Light Systems
HIRL - High Initisity Runway Lights (precision approaches)
MIRL - Medium (sometimes for non-precision)
LIRL - Low (rarely installed for instrument approaches)
RCLS
Runway Centerline Lights
*Landing and takeoff mins affected
TDZL
Touchdown zone lights
*affect precision approach’s/landing minimums
Stopway
Paved extension of a runway able to support an aircraft during an extended landing or aborted takeoff
Flow Control Options for ATC
- Gate Holding
- En route holding
- Rerouting traffic
- Designated one-way routes
- Cruise Altitude/speed changes
RVSM Altitude Rules (and acronym)
Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum (FL290-410)
Mag course 0-179 ODD
Mag course 180-359 = EVEN
Standard IFR Alternate Minimums
Precision App: Ceiling = 600’ and Vis 2SM
Non-precision App: Ceiling = 800 and Vis 2SM
MAA
Maximum Authorized Altitude - published altitude representing max usable alt or flight level for an airspace structure or route segment (VOR signals or military requirements above)
MEA
Minimum Enroute IFR Altitude - the lowest published altitude between radio fixes which assures acceptable nav signal coverage and meets obstacle clearance requirements (1000’ or 2000’)
MCA
Minimum Crossing Altitude- lowest alt at certain fixes which an aircraft must cross when proceeding in the direction of a higher MEA. If a normal climb after passing the fix will not assure terrain clearance.
MOCA
Min Obstruction Clearance Alt - lowest published alt in effect between radio fixes which meets obstacle clearance requirements AND
Assures acceptable nav signal coverage only within 22 nms of a VOR
(depicted w/ a T)
MRA
Min Reception Altitude - lowest altitude required to receive adequate signals from an off-route an aid to determine specific fixes.
If DME is used to identify the fix, the MRA does not apply
OROCA
Off Route Obstruction Clearance Alt -
TCH
Threshold Crossing Height - the theoretical height above the runway threshold at which the aircraft’s glide slope antenna would be if the aircraft maintains the trajectory established by the mean ILS glide slope
RVRT
Touchdown RVR
Mid-RVR
RVRM
Rollout RVR
RVRR
Magnetic to True Conversion rule
True to Magnetic Conversion rule
- Add east variation / subtract west
- Subtract east / add west (east is least)
ALSF I / II
MALSR
Approach Lighting Sequence w/ sequenced flashing lights - CAT I/II configuration
Medium intensity approach lighting system w/ runway alignment indicator lights
NOTAM (D)
(Distant)
Taxiway closures, personnel and equipment near or crossing runways, and airport lighting aids that do not affect instrument approach criteria.
FDC NOTAMs
Flight Data Center
Amendments to published IAPs and other current aeronautical charts. Advise temporary flight restrictions caused by natural disasters/large scale public events.
Pointer NOTAMs
Point out other NOTAMs
Military NOTAMS
Issued by the military through the FAA for navaids and airports
SAA NOTAMs
Special Activity Airspace will be active outside the published schedule times and when required by the published schedule
Aircraft Approach Category is based on …
1.3 times the stall speed in the landing configuration at max gross landing weight
Precision Approaches
ILS
PAR
Approaches w/ vertical guidance (APV)
LPV
LNAV/VNAV
Baro-VNAV
LDA w/ GS
Non-precision approaches
LOC
VOR
LDA
ASR
MSA
Minimum Safe Altitude
- Provide 1000’ obstacle clearance within 25 nm of the nav aide
Parallel ILS Approaches (Dependent)
At least 2500’ between runway centerlines
Aircraft are staggered
Radar Monitoring is not required
Simultaneous Parallel ILS Approaches
At least 4300’ between runway centerlines
Aircraft can be side-by-side
Radar monitoring is required
Simultaneous Close Parallel ILS Approaches
3400-4300’ between centerlines
Precision radar monitoring (PRM) required
SOIA
Simultaneous Offset Instrument Approach
Centerlines 750-2999’ apart
LDA/PRM to one runway and ILS/PRM to the other
LDA/PRM approach will require visual turn at MAP toward the runway
LLWAS
Low level wind-shear alerting system
TDWR
Terminal Doppler Weather Radar
WSP
Weather System Processor
TWIP
Terminal Weather Information for Pilots
