10.3 The Treatment of Mental Disorders

Question 1

biomedical therapy

Answer 1

The use of biological interventions, such as drugs, to treat mental disorders.

Question 2

psychotherapy

Answer 2

The use of psychological interventions to treat mental disorders.

Question 3

lithium

Answer 3

A naturally occurring element (a mineral salt) that is used to treat bipolar disorder.

Question 4

antidepressant drugs

Answer 4

Drugs used to treat depressive disorders.

Question 5

neurogenesis theory of depression

Answer 5

An explanation of depression that proposes that neurogenesis, the growth of new neurons, in the hippocampus stops during depression, and when it resumes, the depression lifts.

Question 6

tardive dyskinesia

Answer 6

A side effect of long-term use of traditional antipsychotic drugs causing the person to have uncontrollable facial tics, grimaces, and other involuntary movements of the lips, jaw, and tongue.

Question 6

antianxiety drugs

Answer 6

Drugs used to treat anxiety problems and disorders.

Question 7

antipsychotic drugs

Answer 7

Drugs used to treat psychotic disorders.

Question 8

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Answer 8

A biomedical treatment for severe depression that involves electrically inducing a brief brain seizure.

Question 9

transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Answer 9

A neurostimulation therapy in which the left frontal lobe is stimulated with magnetic pulses via an electromagnetic coil placed on the patient’s scalp. It is only cleared for use in cases of severe depression for which traditional treatment has not helped.

Question 10

psychosurgery

Answer 10

A biomedical treatment in which specific areas of the brain are destroyed.

Question 11

lobotomy

Answer 11

A type of psychosurgery in which the neuronal connections of the frontal lobes to lower brain areas are severed.

Question 12

psychoanalysis

Answer 12

A style of psychotherapy, originally developed by Sigmund Freud, in which the therapist helps the person gain insight into the unconscious sources of his or her problems

Question 13

free association

Answer 13

A person spontaneously describes, without editing, all thoughts, feelings, or images that come to mind.

Question 14

resistance

Answer 14

A person’s unwillingness to discuss a particular topic during therapy.

Question 15

manifest content

Answer 15

Freud’s term for the literal surface meaning of a dream.

Question 16

latent content

Answer 16

Freud’s term for the underlying true meaning of a dream.

Question 17

transference

Answer 17

When a person undergoing therapy acts toward the therapist as he or she did or does toward important figures in his or her life, such as his or her parents.

Question 18

client-centered therapy

Answer 18

A style of psychotherapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and empathy to help the person to gain insight into his or her true self-concept.

Question 19

behavioral therapy

Answer 19

A style of psychotherapy in which the therapist uses the principles of classical and operant conditioning to change the person’s behavior from maladaptive to adaptive.

Question 20

counterconditioning

Answer 20

A type of behavioral therapy in which a maladaptive response is replaced by an incompatible adaptive response.

Question 21

systematic desensitization

Answer 21

A counterconditioning exposure therapy in which a fear response to an object or situation is replaced with a relaxation response in a series of progressively increasing fear-arousing steps.

Question 22

virtual reality therapy

Answer 22

A counterconditioning exposure therapy in which the patient is exposed in graduated steps to computer simulations of a feared object or situation.

Question 23

flooding

Answer 23

A counterconditioning exposure therapy in which the patient is immediately exposed to a feared object or situation.

Question 24

cognitive therapy

Answer 24

A style of psychotherapy in which the therapist attempts to change the person’s thinking from maladaptive to adaptive.

Question 25

rational-emotive therapy

Answer 25

A type of cognitive therapy, developed by Albert Ellis, in which the therapist directly confronts and challenges the person’s unrealistic thoughts and beliefs to show that they are irrational.

Question 26

Beck’s cognitive therapy

Answer 26

A type of cognitive therapy, developed by Aaron Beck, in which the therapist works to develop a warm relationship with the person and has the person carefully consider the evidence for his or her beliefs in order to see the errors in his or her thinking.

Question 27

spontaneous remission

Answer 27

Getting better with the passage of time without receiving any therapy.