10.3 The Treatment of Mental Disorders Flashcards
biomedical therapy
The use of biological interventions, such as drugs, to treat mental disorders.
psychotherapy
The use of psychological interventions to treat mental disorders.
lithium
A naturally occurring element (a mineral salt) that is used to treat bipolar disorder.
antidepressant drugs
Drugs used to treat depressive disorders.
neurogenesis theory of depression
An explanation of depression that proposes that neurogenesis, the growth of new neurons, in the hippocampus stops during depression, and when it resumes, the depression lifts.
tardive dyskinesia
A side effect of long-term use of traditional antipsychotic drugs causing the person to have uncontrollable facial tics, grimaces, and other involuntary movements of the lips, jaw, and tongue.
antianxiety drugs
Drugs used to treat anxiety problems and disorders.
antipsychotic drugs
Drugs used to treat psychotic disorders.
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
A biomedical treatment for severe depression that involves electrically inducing a brief brain seizure.
transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
A neurostimulation therapy in which the left frontal lobe is stimulated with magnetic pulses via an electromagnetic coil placed on the patient’s scalp. It is only cleared for use in cases of severe depression for which traditional treatment has not helped.
psychosurgery
A biomedical treatment in which specific areas of the brain are destroyed.
lobotomy
A type of psychosurgery in which the neuronal connections of the frontal lobes to lower brain areas are severed.
psychoanalysis
A style of psychotherapy, originally developed by Sigmund Freud, in which the therapist helps the person gain insight into the unconscious sources of his or her problems
free association
A person spontaneously describes, without editing, all thoughts, feelings, or images that come to mind.
resistance
A person’s unwillingness to discuss a particular topic during therapy.
manifest content
Freud’s term for the literal surface meaning of a dream.
latent content
Freud’s term for the underlying true meaning of a dream.
transference
When a person undergoing therapy acts toward the therapist as he or she did or does toward important figures in his or her life, such as his or her parents.
client-centered therapy
A style of psychotherapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and empathy to help the person to gain insight into his or her true self-concept.
behavioral therapy
A style of psychotherapy in which the therapist uses the principles of classical and operant conditioning to change the person’s behavior from maladaptive to adaptive.
counterconditioning
A type of behavioral therapy in which a maladaptive response is replaced by an incompatible adaptive response.
systematic desensitization
A counterconditioning exposure therapy in which a fear response to an object or situation is replaced with a relaxation response in a series of progressively increasing fear-arousing steps.
virtual reality therapy
A counterconditioning exposure therapy in which the patient is exposed in graduated steps to computer simulations of a feared object or situation.
flooding
A counterconditioning exposure therapy in which the patient is immediately exposed to a feared object or situation.
cognitive therapy
A style of psychotherapy in which the therapist attempts to change the person’s thinking from maladaptive to adaptive.
rational-emotive therapy
A type of cognitive therapy, developed by Albert Ellis, in which the therapist directly confronts and challenges the person’s unrealistic thoughts and beliefs to show that they are irrational.
Beck’s cognitive therapy
A type of cognitive therapy, developed by Aaron Beck, in which the therapist works to develop a warm relationship with the person and has the person carefully consider the evidence for his or her beliefs in order to see the errors in his or her thinking.
spontaneous remission
Getting better with the passage of time without receiving any therapy.
