1.03 - EVALUATING CLINICAL EVIDENCE Flashcards
Initial step in the process of diagnostic reasoning
History taking
List of potential causes for a patient’s problem
Differential diagnosis
Frequency of existing cases in a defined population at a given point in time
Prevalence
the extent of agreement of a single person (observer) or different observers using the same diagnostic procedure in the same subject
Reproducibility
being able to apply the same test to the same unchanged person and obtain the same results.
Precision
Limits the incidence of disease by controlling specific causes and risk factors
Primary prevention
Aims to reduce the more serious consequences of disease through early diagnosis and treatment
Secondary Prevention
The number of new and old cases
Prevalence
The number of new cases in the population
Incidence
Aims to reduce the progress or complications of established disease
Tertiary prevention
Randomized Control Trials
Are the strongest studies used in health promotion recommendations
These compiles the number of randomized control trials and compares all of these studies and their results to come up with once conclusion
Systematic Reviews
It’s to be able to interpret new studies and guidelines
Critical appraisal
A systematic error in conducting a study that threatens the validity of the results
Bias
Occurs when comparison groups have systematic differences in their baseline characteristics that can affect the outcome of the study
Selection Bias
Occurs when there are systematic differences in the care received between comparison groups
Performance Bias
Occurs when there are systematic differences in efforts to diagnose or
ascertain an outcome
Detection Bias
Occurs when there are systematic
differences in the comparison groups in
the number of subjects who do not
complete the study
Attrition Bias
The probability that an intervention subject had the outcome
Experimental Event Rate
The probability that a control subject had the outcome
Control Event Rate
