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Aveda Esthetics 🌸✨🧺 > 102E.01 Transmission Of Infections 🦠😷 > Flashcards

102E.01 Transmission Of Infections 🦠😷 Flashcards

1
Q

Bacteria ; Sometimes called germs, microbes are what?

A

One-cell micro-organisms

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2
Q

Where do bacteria grow best?

A

Warm, dark or damp places

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3
Q

What are produced by the immune system that can destroy or kill INACTIVE pathogens?

A

Antibodies

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4
Q

What are the special group or type of antibodies that render a toxic substance harmless?

A

Antitoxins

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5
Q

What are the 2 categories bacteria are generally classified into?

A

Non-pathogenic & Pathogenic

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6
Q

Non-pathogenic bacteria is a?

A

Non-disease producing bacteria

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7
Q

Pathogenic bacteria is a?

A

Disease producing bacteria

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8
Q

Non-pathogenic bacteria can be?

A

Very beneficial

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9
Q

Non-pathogenic bacteria live on?

A

The surface of the skin

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10
Q

Saprophytes are?

A

Non-pathogenic bacteria that live on dead or decaying ORGANIC matter

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11
Q

Non-pathogenic bacteria make up what percentage of all bacteria?

A

70%

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12
Q

True or False ; Non-pathogenic bacteria cause the decay of refuse or vegetation?

A

True

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13
Q

True or False ; Non-pathogenic bacteria have medical applications?

A

True

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14
Q

True or False ; Non-pathogenic bacteria have NO health enhancing properties

A

False

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15
Q

Pathogenic bacteria can cause?

A

Disease

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16
Q

Pathogenic bacteria live where?

A

Everywhere in the environment

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17
Q

Some pathogenic bacteria cause infection and?

A

Disease

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18
Q

True or False ; Some non-pathogenic bacteria produce toxins (poisons)

A

False (pathogenic bacteria is the correct answer)

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19
Q

Pathogenic bacteria can easily spread how?

A

Contaminated implements or dirty hands and fingernails

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20
Q

You’re doing great! Keep up the good work ✨💛

A

Thank you!

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21
Q

When a disease can be spread from one person to another via CONTACT its referred to as what?

A

Contagious or communicable

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22
Q

What’s something simple that you can do to prevent pathogens from spreading?

A

Washing your hands before and after treatments

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23
Q

What are some examples of contagious bacterial diseases?

A

Strep throat, Staph infection, Impetigo

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24
Q

How do bacteria cause infections?

A

By invading the body through a break in the skin or through natural opens such as the nose, mouth, eyes, ears, and genitalia

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25
Q

When does an infection occur?

A

When an insufficient amount of antibodies are produced by the body’s defense (immune) system to fight harmful bacteria

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26
Q

The majority of skin infections are caused by?

A

Staph and strep bacteria

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27
Q

True or False ; Problems such as skin infections could be considered a contraindication?

A

True

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28
Q

True or False ; A contraindication is a reason for withholding a particular treatment

A

True

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29
Q

MRSA is also known as what?

A

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus

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30
Q

True or False ; MRSA is NOT a highly contagious bacterium

A

False

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31
Q

MRSA enters the skin through?

A

Open wounds

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32
Q

True or False ; MRSA can cause serious staph infections

A

True

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33
Q

What does MRSA initially appear as?

A

Pimples or boils

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34
Q

True or False ; Antibiotics are highly effective to treat MRSA

A

False (It is resistant to most antibiotics)

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35
Q

True or False ; Many infected people do not show symptoms of MRSA

A

True

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36
Q

Disinfections procedures are required why?

A

To reduce exposure and protect clients

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37
Q

Where are mycobacterium typically found?

A

Soil and water (including water treated with chlorine)

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38
Q

True or False ; Mycobacterium are contagious bacteria

A

True

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39
Q

How can you prevent mycobacterium from entering the body?

A

Avoid having cracked, dry skin

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40
Q

True or False ; Sinks, pedicure bowls and areas of water do NOT require careful methods of infection control

A

False

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41
Q

You’ve got this keep going! 💛✨

A

I will!

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42
Q

What are viruses?

A

Submicroscopic infectious particles

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43
Q

Viruses are smaller than?

A

Bacteria

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44
Q

True or False ; Viruses require a host to multiply (otherwise they cannot survive)

A

True

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45
Q

True or False ; Viruses are not treatable by antibiotics

A

True

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46
Q

True or False ; Viruses do NOT invade cells and redirect to produce more of the virus

A

False

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47
Q

How long does it typically take symptoms to appear when someone been exposed to a virus?

A

10 to 14 Days

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48
Q

When are you most contagious after being exposed to a virus?

A

Days before symptoms appear

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49
Q

What can be a preventable measure for certain viruses such as hepatitis?

A

Vaccinations

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50
Q

True or False ; The flu, small pox, and respiratory infections are examples of diseases caused by viruses

A

True

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51
Q

Take a five minute break to come back refreshed and ready to learn ⭐️

A

Okay!

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52
Q

True or False ; Hepatitis A (HAV) is a highly infectious disease affecting the liver

A

False (HBV and HCV are)

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53
Q

What viral infections are preventable by vaccination?

A

HAV, HBV, HPV

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54
Q

True or False ; Human Papillomarvius (HPV) is the only known cause of cervical cancer

A

True

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55
Q

How long is the vaccination for Human Papillomavirus (HPV) effective for?

A

At least 10 years

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56
Q

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can lead to what?

A

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

57
Q

What viral infection attacks and destroys the infection fighting cells of the immune system?

58
Q

What viral infections should personal service workers be most aware of?

A

Herpes Simples Virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 & HSV-2)

59
Q

What are external parasites?

A

Organisms that live on or obtain their nutrients from another organism (host)

60
Q

What are parasitic mites?

A

Insects that cause contagious disease

61
Q

True or False ; Scabies are parasitic mites

62
Q

Multiple Choice ; Head lice can’t live off of a host for

A) 24 hours
B) 12 hours
C) 48 hours
D) 36 hours

A

C) 48 hours

(Important note ; They will die without a host within 48 hours)

63
Q

What are scabies?

A

An extremely itchy condition caused by itch mites

64
Q

What causes scabies?

A

Itch mites ; They burrow underneath the skin

65
Q

Where is it common to find itch mites?

A

In between fingers and toes

66
Q

What does the appearance of scabies look like?

A

A red rash with blisters and pimples

67
Q

True or False ; Scabies needs skin to skin contact to spread

68
Q

Multiple choice ; Scabies can be spread via?

A) Towels
B) Clothing
C) Skin to skin contact
D) All of the above

A

D) All of the above

(Important note ; it is rare for scabies to transfer via towels & clothes)

69
Q

True or False ; Scabies does NOT need to be treated by a physician

70
Q

Head lice is also known as what?

A

Pediculosis capitis

71
Q

How is head lice transmitted from one person to another?

A

Direct contact or through headbands and towels

72
Q

Where is the presence of head lice usually found?

A

The base of the neck or behind the ears

73
Q

True or False ; Head lice is usually accompanied by head scratching, redness/and or small bite marks

74
Q

True or False ; Head-lice is NOT easily controlled by pediculide shampoo

A

False

(Important note ; Pediculide is a lice killing shampoo)

75
Q

Molds and yeasts are a type of what?

76
Q

What are some contagious diseases caused by mold and yeast?

A

Ringworm, ringworm of scalp, honeycomb ringworm

77
Q

What is a type of fungus that is NOT infectious to humans but is to plants and surfaces?

78
Q

True or False ; Ringworm is highly contagious

79
Q

How does the appearance of ringworm present itself?

A

With red patches that create circles then scales and pustules

80
Q

True or False ; Ringworm does NOT create lots of itchiness

81
Q

Multiple choice ; Ringworm can be where on the body?

A) Just the face
B) Just the hands
C) Only the arms and legs
D) Anywhere on the body

A

D) Anywhere on the body

82
Q

What does ringworm feed off of?

83
Q

Ringworm can be easily be spread by?

A

Using other peoples towels or face clothes

84
Q

How can you prevent the spread of contagions (mites and fungi)?

A

Proper disinfection procedures

85
Q

You’ve gotten this far don’t give up now! 💛✨

A

I won’t!

86
Q

What is Biofilm?

A

A type of slime

87
Q

Biofilm is created when what two things are present?

A

Bacterial colony and water

88
Q

True or False ; Biofilms sticky nature makes it easy to remove

89
Q

Why are infection control procedures critical when biofilm is present?

A

Because biofilm is not easily visible

90
Q

What is an example of biofilm that may be found in the workplace?

A

Slime buildup around drains

91
Q

What are the 2 general ways transmitting infections are categorized in?

A

Direct transmission and indirect transmission

92
Q

When does infection occur?

A

When pathogenic bacteria or viruses enter the body and multiply to the point of interfering with the bodies normal state

93
Q

What are the 6 signs of infection?

A

Pain, swelling, redness, local fever, throbbing, discharge

94
Q

The process of how pathogens move is called what?

A

Transmission

95
Q

True or False ; Pathogens CAN move from one person or an object to another person

96
Q

True or False ; Direct contact is skin to skin contact with an infected person

97
Q

Multiple Choice ; Direct transmission is

A) Direct contact
B) Object to person contact
C) Respiratory droplet transmission
D) Both A & C

A

D ) Direct contact and Respiratory droplet transmission

98
Q

What is respiratory droplet transmission?

A

A large spray of droplets when close to someone while coughing, sneezing or talking

99
Q

How do infected people exchange pathogens to another person?

A

Through direct contact

100
Q

What are some examples of diseases caused by direct transmission?

A

warts, pink eye, and influenza (flu)

101
Q

What is indirect transmission?

A

Object to person contact

102
Q

How does indirect transmission work?

A

Spreading through the air or coming into contact with a contaminated object

103
Q

What is an example of an object that can be contaminated through indirect transmission?

A

A countertop

104
Q

What are some diseases that can be caused by indirect transmission?

A

Ringworm, MRSA, or E. coli

105
Q

True or False ; Airborne transmission is a type of direct contact

A

False ; Airborne transmission is a type of indirect transmission

106
Q

What is airborne transmission?

A

Contact with tiny droplets that can travel long distances and remain suspended in the air for an extended period of time

107
Q

Indirect transmission can happen touching a contaminated object then?

A

Touching your eyes, nose, or mouth before washing your hands

108
Q

Contact with an organism that can live on an object for a short time is called?

A

A contaminated object

109
Q

True or False ; Indirect transmission can cause an infection through food and drinking water

A

True

(Important note ; Only if the food/water has been contaminated)

110
Q

Another example of indirect transmission is?

A

Animal to person contact or insect bites

111
Q

What are some common ways of spreading infection in the workplace?

A

Open sores
Unclean hands and implements
Coughing or sneezing
Shared use of cups or towels
The use of the same implements on infected areas and non-infected areas
The use of facial treatment tables and tools that are not properly disinfected
Unsanitary workplace conditions

112
Q

What are some ways infections can be controlled?

A

Personal hygiene
Public awareness
Practicing infection control procedures in work
Vaccinations

113
Q

What are the 2 classes of infections?

A

Local Infections & General/Systemic Infections

114
Q

What are local infections?

A

Local infections are confined in a small area often indicated by a pus-filled boil, pimple or inflammation in a little area

115
Q

What is another name for a General Infection?

A

A systemic infection

116
Q

When does a General or Systemic Infection occur?

A

When the circulatory system carries bacteria and their toxins to all parts of the body

117
Q

True or False ; Local infections are GIANT

118
Q

What are some standard precautions you should take?

A

Treating all clients as asymptomatic carriers
Properly disinfecting tools, implements and equipment
Washing your hands
Wearing PPE (Personal protective equipment) whenever exposure to bodily fluids is anticipated

119
Q

What are some examples of PPE ( personal protective equipment)

A

Single-use Gloves
Gowns
Face coverings (such as masks or eye shields)

120
Q

What is contamination?

A

The action of making an object or substance unclean or impure

121
Q

True or False ; Cross-contamination is the unintentional transfer of harmful bacteria from one person, object or surface to another with harmful effects

122
Q

Multiple Choice ; What is decontamination?

A) The removal of dirt and oil
B) The removal of dirt, oil and/or pathogens from an object
C) The removal of dirt and oil from a person
D) The removal of harmful pathogens from clothing

A

B) The removal of dirt, oil and/or pathogens from an object

123
Q

How are contagious infections usually transmitted?

A

From one person to another, through touch or through the air

124
Q

What are non-infectious diseases?

A

Diseases that are onto transmitted from one person to another

125
Q

What are some examples of non-infectious diseases?

A

Diabetes and asthma

126
Q

What is cross-infection?

A

The transfer of harmful pathogens that can occur through direct or indirect contact by using an implement or previously used article that has been contaminated.

127
Q

True or false ; Cross-infestation is the transfer of parasites

128
Q

What must standard precautions be used with?

A

Blood
All bodily fluids, secretions and excretions except sweat regardless of visible blood
Mucous membranes and secretions from those areas
Broken Skin

129
Q

What is immunity?

A

The body’s ability to destroy infectious agents that enter the body

130
Q

Multiple Choice ; How many types of immunity are there?
A) 1
B) 3
C) 2
D) None of the above

131
Q

What are the types of Immunity?

A

Active and Passive

132
Q

What is Active immunity

A

Immunity that is long-lasting or sometimes life-long

133
Q

What causes active immunity?

A

Exposure to a disease organism that triggers the immune system to produce antibodies to that disease

134
Q

True or False ; Active immunity does not take time to develop

135
Q

Passive immunity can be given to a person through?

A

Antibody-containing blood products

136
Q

True or False ; Protection is immediate with Passive Immunity

137
Q

True or False ; Passive immunity lasts forever

A

False

(Important note ; Passive immunity only lasts a few weeks or months)

138
Q

Great job you got through it! ⭐️✨

A

No sweat 😌

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