102E.01 Transmission Of Infections 🦠😷 Flashcards
1
Q
Bacteria ; Sometimes called germs, microbes are what?
A
One-cell micro-organisms
2
Q
Where do bacteria grow best?
A
Warm, dark or damp places
3
Q
What are produced by the immune system that can destroy or kill INACTIVE pathogens?
A
Antibodies
4
Q
What are the special group or type of antibodies that render a toxic substance harmless?
A
Antitoxins
5
Q
What are the 2 categories bacteria are generally classified into?
A
Non-pathogenic & Pathogenic
6
Q
Non-pathogenic bacteria is a?
A
Non-disease producing bacteria
7
Q
Pathogenic bacteria is a?
A
Disease producing bacteria
8
Q
Non-pathogenic bacteria can be?
A
Very beneficial
9
Q
Non-pathogenic bacteria live on?
A
The surface of the skin
10
Q
Saprophytes are?
A
Non-pathogenic bacteria that live on dead or decaying ORGANIC matter
11
Q
Non-pathogenic bacteria make up what percentage of all bacteria?
A
70%
12
Q
True or False ; Non-pathogenic bacteria cause the decay of refuse or vegetation?
A
True
13
Q
True or False ; Non-pathogenic bacteria have medical applications?
A
True
14
Q
True or False ; Non-pathogenic bacteria have NO health enhancing properties
A
False
15
Q
Pathogenic bacteria can cause?
A
Disease
16
Q
Pathogenic bacteria live where?
A
Everywhere in the environment
17
Q
Some pathogenic bacteria cause infection and?
A
Disease
18
Q
True or False ; Some non-pathogenic bacteria produce toxins (poisons)
A
False (pathogenic bacteria is the correct answer)
19
Q
Pathogenic bacteria can easily spread how?
A
Contaminated implements or dirty hands and fingernails
20
Q
You’re doing great! Keep up the good work ✨💛
A
Thank you!
21
Q
When a disease can be spread from one person to another via CONTACT its referred to as what?
A
Contagious or communicable
22
Q
What’s something simple that you can do to prevent pathogens from spreading?
A
Washing your hands before and after treatments
23
Q
What are some examples of contagious bacterial diseases?
A
Strep throat, Staph infection, Impetigo
24
Q
How do bacteria cause infections?
A
By invading the body through a break in the skin or through natural opens such as the nose, mouth, eyes, ears, and genitalia
25
When does an infection occur?
When an insufficient amount of antibodies are produced by the body’s defense (immune) system to fight harmful bacteria
26
The majority of skin infections are caused by?
Staph and strep bacteria
27
True or False ; Problems such as skin infections could be considered a contraindication?
True
28
True or False ; A contraindication is a reason for withholding a particular treatment
True
29
MRSA is also known as what?
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus
30
True or False ; MRSA is NOT a highly contagious bacterium
False
31
MRSA enters the skin through?
Open wounds
32
True or False ; MRSA can cause serious staph infections
True
33
What does MRSA initially appear as?
Pimples or boils
34
True or False ; Antibiotics are highly effective to treat MRSA
False (It is resistant to most antibiotics)
35
True or False ; Many infected people do not show symptoms of MRSA
True
36
Disinfections procedures are required why?
To reduce exposure and protect clients
37
Where are mycobacterium typically found?
Soil and water (including water treated with chlorine)
38
True or False ; Mycobacterium are contagious bacteria
True
39
How can you prevent mycobacterium from entering the body?
Avoid having cracked, dry skin
40
True or False ; Sinks, pedicure bowls and areas of water do NOT require careful methods of infection control
False
41
You’ve got this keep going! 💛✨
I will!
42
What are viruses?
Submicroscopic infectious particles
43
Viruses are smaller than?
Bacteria
44
True or False ; Viruses require a host to multiply (otherwise they cannot survive)
True
45
True or False ; Viruses are not treatable by antibiotics
True
46
True or False ; Viruses do NOT invade cells and redirect to produce more of the virus
False
47
How long does it typically take symptoms to appear when someone been exposed to a virus?
10 to 14 Days
48
When are you most contagious after being exposed to a virus?
Days before symptoms appear
49
What can be a preventable measure for certain viruses such as hepatitis?
Vaccinations
50
True or False ; The flu, small pox, and respiratory infections are examples of diseases caused by viruses
True
51
Take a five minute break to come back refreshed and ready to learn ⭐️
Okay!
52
True or False ; Hepatitis A (HAV) is a highly infectious disease affecting the liver
False (HBV and HCV are)
53
What viral infections are preventable by vaccination?
HAV, HBV, HPV
54
True or False ; Human Papillomarvius (HPV) is the only known cause of cervical cancer
True
55
How long is the vaccination for Human Papillomavirus (HPV) effective for?
At least 10 years
56
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can lead to what?
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
57
What viral infection attacks and destroys the infection fighting cells of the immune system?
HIV
58
What viral infections should personal service workers be most aware of?
Herpes Simples Virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 & HSV-2)
59
What are external parasites?
Organisms that live on or obtain their nutrients from another organism (host)
60
What are parasitic mites?
Insects that cause contagious disease
61
True or False ; Scabies are parasitic mites
True
62
Multiple Choice ; Head lice can’t live off of a host for
A) 24 hours
B) 12 hours
C) 48 hours
D) 36 hours
C) 48 hours
(Important note ; They will die without a host within 48 hours)
63
What are scabies?
An extremely itchy condition caused by itch mites
64
What causes scabies?
Itch mites ; They burrow underneath the skin
65
Where is it common to find itch mites?
In between fingers and toes
66
What does the appearance of scabies look like?
A red rash with blisters and pimples
67
True or False ; Scabies needs skin to skin contact to spread
True
68
Multiple choice ; Scabies can be spread via?
A) Towels
B) Clothing
C) Skin to skin contact
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
(Important note ; it is rare for scabies to transfer via towels & clothes)
69
True or False ; Scabies does NOT need to be treated by a physician
False
70
Head lice is also known as what?
Pediculosis capitis
71
How is head lice transmitted from one person to another?
Direct contact or through headbands and towels
72
Where is the presence of head lice usually found?
The base of the neck or behind the ears
73
True or False ; Head lice is usually accompanied by head scratching, redness/and or small bite marks
True
74
True or False ; Head-lice is NOT easily controlled by pediculide shampoo
False
(Important note ; Pediculide is a lice killing shampoo)
75
Molds and yeasts are a type of what?
Fungi
76
What are some contagious diseases caused by mold and yeast?
Ringworm, ringworm of scalp, honeycomb ringworm
77
What is a type of fungus that is NOT infectious to humans but is to plants and surfaces?
Mildew
78
True or False ; Ringworm is highly contagious
True
79
How does the appearance of ringworm present itself?
With red patches that create circles then scales and pustules
80
True or False ; Ringworm does NOT create lots of itchiness
False
81
Multiple choice ; Ringworm can be where on the body?
A) Just the face
B) Just the hands
C) Only the arms and legs
D) Anywhere on the body
D) Anywhere on the body
82
What does ringworm feed off of?
Dead skin
83
Ringworm can be easily be spread by?
Using other peoples towels or face clothes
84
How can you prevent the spread of contagions (mites and fungi)?
Proper disinfection procedures
85
You’ve gotten this far don’t give up now! 💛✨
I won’t!
86
What is Biofilm?
A type of slime
87
Biofilm is created when what two things are present?
Bacterial colony and water
88
True or False ; Biofilms sticky nature makes it easy to remove
False
89
Why are infection control procedures critical when biofilm is present?
Because biofilm is not easily visible
90
What is an example of biofilm that may be found in the workplace?
Slime buildup around drains
91
What are the 2 general ways transmitting infections are categorized in?
Direct transmission and indirect transmission
92
When does infection occur?
When pathogenic bacteria or viruses enter the body and multiply to the point of interfering with the bodies normal state
93
What are the 6 signs of infection?
Pain, swelling, redness, local fever, throbbing, discharge
94
The process of how pathogens move is called what?
Transmission
95
True or False ; Pathogens CAN move from one person or an object to another person
True
96
True or False ; Direct contact is skin to skin contact with an infected person
True
97
Multiple Choice ; Direct transmission is
A) Direct contact
B) Object to person contact
C) Respiratory droplet transmission
D) Both A & C
D ) Direct contact and Respiratory droplet transmission
98
What is respiratory droplet transmission?
A large spray of droplets when close to someone while coughing, sneezing or talking
99
How do infected people exchange pathogens to another person?
Through direct contact
100
What are some examples of diseases caused by direct transmission?
warts, pink eye, and influenza (flu)
101
What is indirect transmission?
Object to person contact
102
How does indirect transmission work?
Spreading through the air or coming into contact with a contaminated object
103
What is an example of an object that can be contaminated through indirect transmission?
A countertop
104
What are some diseases that can be caused by indirect transmission?
Ringworm, MRSA, or E. coli
105
True or False ; Airborne transmission is a type of direct contact
False ; Airborne transmission is a type of indirect transmission
106
What is airborne transmission?
Contact with tiny droplets that can travel long distances and remain suspended in the air for an extended period of time
107
Indirect transmission can happen touching a contaminated object then?
Touching your eyes, nose, or mouth before washing your hands
108
Contact with an organism that can live on an object for a short time is called?
A contaminated object
109
True or False ; Indirect transmission can cause an infection through food and drinking water
True
(Important note ; Only if the food/water has been contaminated)
110
Another example of indirect transmission is?
Animal to person contact or insect bites
111
What are some common ways of spreading infection in the workplace?
Open sores
Unclean hands and implements
Coughing or sneezing
Shared use of cups or towels
The use of the same implements on infected areas and non-infected areas
The use of facial treatment tables and tools that are not properly disinfected
Unsanitary workplace conditions
112
What are some ways infections can be controlled?
Personal hygiene
Public awareness
Practicing infection control procedures in work
Vaccinations
113
What are the 2 classes of infections?
Local Infections & General/Systemic Infections
114
What are local infections?
Local infections are confined in a small area often indicated by a pus-filled boil, pimple or inflammation in a little area
115
What is another name for a General Infection?
A systemic infection
116
When does a General or Systemic Infection occur?
When the circulatory system carries bacteria and their toxins to all parts of the body
117
True or False ; Local infections are GIANT
False
118
What are some standard precautions you should take?
Treating all clients as asymptomatic carriers
Properly disinfecting tools, implements and equipment
Washing your hands
Wearing PPE (Personal protective equipment) whenever exposure to bodily fluids is anticipated
119
What are some examples of PPE ( personal protective equipment)
Single-use Gloves
Gowns
Face coverings (such as masks or eye shields)
120
What is contamination?
The action of making an object or substance unclean or impure
121
True or False ; Cross-contamination is the unintentional transfer of harmful bacteria from one person, object or surface to another with harmful effects
True
122
Multiple Choice ; What is decontamination?
A) The removal of dirt and oil
B) The removal of dirt, oil and/or pathogens from an object
C) The removal of dirt and oil from a person
D) The removal of harmful pathogens from clothing
B) The removal of dirt, oil and/or pathogens from an object
123
How are contagious infections usually transmitted?
From one person to another, through touch or through the air
124
What are non-infectious diseases?
Diseases that are onto transmitted from one person to another
125
What are some examples of non-infectious diseases?
Diabetes and asthma
126
What is cross-infection?
The transfer of harmful pathogens that can occur through direct or indirect contact by using an implement or previously used article that has been contaminated.
127
True or false ; Cross-infestation is the transfer of parasites
True
128
What must standard precautions be used with?
Blood
All bodily fluids, secretions and excretions except sweat regardless of visible blood
Mucous membranes and secretions from those areas
Broken Skin
129
What is immunity?
The body’s ability to destroy infectious agents that enter the body
130
Multiple Choice ; How many types of immunity are there?
A) 1
B) 3
C) 2
D) None of the above
C) 2
131
What are the types of Immunity?
Active and Passive
132
What is Active immunity
Immunity that is long-lasting or sometimes life-long
133
What causes active immunity?
Exposure to a disease organism that triggers the immune system to produce antibodies to that disease
134
True or False ; Active immunity does not take time to develop
False
135
Passive immunity can be given to a person through?
Antibody-containing blood products
136
True or False ; Protection is immediate with Passive Immunity
True
137
True or False ; Passive immunity lasts forever
False
(Important note ; Passive immunity only lasts a few weeks or months)
138
Great job you got through it! ⭐️✨
No sweat 😌
