102.B9 102.B10 Flashcards
Electricity
a form of energy resulting from the existence of charged particles (such as electrons or protons), either statically as an accumulation of charge or dynamically as a current.
Electricity Current
the time rate of flow of electric charge, in the direction that a positive moving charge would take and having magnitude equal to the quantity of charge per unit time: measured in amperes.
Load
is an electrically powered appliance.
Conductor
• Materials that best transport electricity to a load
• Silver and copper are best
• Other metals, graphite, carbon, water-containing ions and
human body
Insulator
• Protect user from current
• Does not allow current to pass through them
• Silk, wood, plastic, rubber, glass, paper, brick, cloth, alcohol,
oil and pure distilled water
Amp
- Unit of electric strength
- Amp rating indicates number of electrons flowing on line
- Power box to home supplies amps
- Circuits will have 10, 20, 30 or greater amp ratings
- 1 ampere = 1,000 milliamperes
Volt
- Unit of electric pressure
- Measures how hard electrons are pushed by source
- 120V or 240V
- 120/small appliances
- 240/large motors
- 240 plugs have v-shaped end
Ohm
• Unit of electric resistance
• Measures how difficult it is to push electrons through
conductor
• Size, material and temperature determine amount of
resistance in conductor
Watt
- Measure of how much electrical energy (power) is being used per second
- 1 watt = small amount of energy
- Blow dryer = 1,000 watts per second
- 1,000 watts = 1 kilowatt
Kilowatt
• 1,000 watts = 1 kilowatt
Galvanic current
- Chemical effect caused by passing the current through particular acidic or alkaline solutions and/or by passing the current through body tissues and fluids
- Oldest form of electrotherapy
- Needs a special appliance to convert AC to DC
Microcurrent
Sends weak electrical signals into the body
High Frequency
• High frequency current or “violet ray” • Alternating current • Oscillates at a high rate to produce heat and germicidal reaction • Can offer stimulation or relaxation • Improved blood circulation • Increased rate of metabolism • Increased sebaceous gland activity
Phoresis
• Process of forcing an acid or alkali into the skin by applying
current to the chemical
• Most typical application of galvanic current
Anaphoresis
- Negative pole
- Produces alkaline reaction
- Increases blood flow
- Softens tissues
- Stimulates nerves
- Used for desincrustation
Cataphoresis
- Positive pole
* Produces acidic reaction
General Precautions
- Always read manufacturer’s directions
* Electrodes should never touch each other
Galvanic Precautions
• Usually highest intensity recommended for oily skin
• Low intensity for sensitive skin
• Make sure current is off before breaking contact with client
• Limit galvanic treatment to 4-7 minutes and 3-5 for sensitive
skin
Micro-Current
• Treatment generally lasts no more than 30 minutes
• Use the timer to ensure equal time is given to both halves of
the face
Laser
• An acronym for light amplification stimulation emission of
radiation
• Can be used to remove blood vessels, tattoos or wrinkles
LED (Light-emitting diode)
• Used to reduce acne (blue light), increase circulation (red
light), reduce inflammation (yellow light) or reduce hyperpigmentation (green light)
IPL (Intense pulse Light)
• Used to treat spider veins and rosacea
Visible Light
The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum humans can see
• Red = Longest waves
• Violet = Shortest waves
• Fluorescent = Economical
o Problem for certain hair colors, such as blue or cool
tones
• Incandescent = Light bulb
o Closest sub for natural sunlight
• LED lamps – Longer life span and efficiency
Invisible Light
• Over half of sunlight is composed of invisible rays beyond
red, which are called infrared
• A small percentage of natural sunlight is composed of
invisible light beyond violet, which is called ultraviolet
Infrared Light
• Produces heat
• Exposure time ranges from 5-15 minutes
• Light must be placed at least 30” (76.2 cm) from the client’s
face
• Protective eyewear is required for the professional and
client
Ultraviolet Light
• Can be more damaging than infrared light
• Short penetrating light in the spectrum, also known as
actinic light
• Produces both positive and negative effects on the skin,
depending on the exposure time
• Small dose of UV light can tan the skin and may help the
body produce vitamin D
• UV light is germicidal and can kill bacteria that cause skin
infections
Wear protective eyewear during UV light treatments.
Light Therapy
Production of beneficial effects such as reducing acne through treatments using light rays or waves
Electro therapy Precautions
• Begin with mild current, increasing slowly
• Keep client out of contact with metal during treatment
• Limit treatment duration to approximately 5 minutes for
direct application and 8-15 minutes for indirect
• If you use cream, it cannot contain alcohol
• Turn current on after client is holding electrode, and turn off
before removing electrode
Heat Energy
Heat always moves from a hotter body to a cooler body and can be transferred from one object to another in one of three ways:
1. Conduction 2. Convection 3. Radiation
Mild heat: Relaxes
Intense heat: Destroys cells and tissues
3 Methods for Using High Frequency
- Direct Application
• Electrode applied directly to client’s scalp or face
• Used for mild acne and/or blackhead treatment; scalp
treatment - Indirect Application
• Glass electrode handed to client before activating
current
• Client holds electrode
• Professional stimulates area manually
• Used for dry skin facial treatment; dry scalp - General Electrification
• Electrode handed to client before activating current
• Client experiences generalized tingling or vibration
