102.B9 102.B10

Question 1

Electricity

Answer 1

a form of energy resulting from the existence of charged particles (such as electrons or protons), either statically as an accumulation of charge or dynamically as a current.

Question 2

Electricity Current

Answer 2

the time rate of flow of electric charge, in the direction that a positive moving charge would take and having magnitude equal to the quantity of charge per unit time: measured in amperes.

Question 3

Load

Answer 3

is an electrically powered appliance.

Question 4

Conductor

Answer 4

• Materials that best transport electricity to a load
• Silver and copper are best
• Other metals, graphite, carbon, water-containing ions and
human body

Question 5

Insulator

Answer 5

• Protect user from current
• Does not allow current to pass through them
• Silk, wood, plastic, rubber, glass, paper, brick, cloth, alcohol,
oil and pure distilled water

Question 6

Amp

Answer 6

• Unit of electric strength
• Amp rating indicates number of electrons flowing on line
• Power box to home supplies amps
• Circuits will have 10, 20, 30 or greater amp ratings
• 1 ampere = 1,000 milliamperes

Question 7

Volt

Answer 7

• Unit of electric pressure
• Measures how hard electrons are pushed by source
• 120V or 240V
• 120/small appliances
• 240/large motors
• 240 plugs have v-shaped end

Question 8

Ohm

Answer 8

• Unit of electric resistance
• Measures how difficult it is to push electrons through
conductor
• Size, material and temperature determine amount of
resistance in conductor

Question 9

Watt

Answer 9

• Measure of how much electrical energy (power) is being used per second
• 1 watt = small amount of energy
• Blow dryer = 1,000 watts per second
• 1,000 watts = 1 kilowatt

Question 10

Kilowatt

Answer 10

• 1,000 watts = 1 kilowatt

Question 11

Galvanic current

Answer 11

• Chemical effect caused by passing the current through particular acidic or alkaline solutions and/or by passing the current through body tissues and fluids
• Oldest form of electrotherapy
• Needs a special appliance to convert AC to DC

Question 12

Microcurrent

Answer 12

Sends weak electrical signals into the body

Question 13

High Frequency

Answer 13

• High frequency current or “violet ray”
• Alternating current
• Oscillates at a high rate to produce heat and germicidal
reaction
• Can offer stimulation or relaxation
• Improved blood circulation
• Increased rate of metabolism
• Increased sebaceous gland activity

Question 14

Phoresis

Answer 14

• Process of forcing an acid or alkali into the skin by applying
current to the chemical
• Most typical application of galvanic current

Question 15

Anaphoresis

Answer 15

• Negative pole
• Produces alkaline reaction
• Increases blood flow
• Softens tissues
• Stimulates nerves
• Used for desincrustation

Question 16

Cataphoresis

Answer 16

• Positive pole

* Produces acidic reaction

Question 17

General Precautions

Answer 17

• Always read manufacturer’s directions

* Electrodes should never touch each other

Question 18

Galvanic Precautions

Answer 18

• Usually highest intensity recommended for oily skin
• Low intensity for sensitive skin
• Make sure current is off before breaking contact with client
• Limit galvanic treatment to 4-7 minutes and 3-5 for sensitive
skin

Question 19

Micro-Current

Answer 19

• Treatment generally lasts no more than 30 minutes
• Use the timer to ensure equal time is given to both halves of
the face

Question 20

Laser

Answer 20

• An acronym for light amplification stimulation emission of
radiation
• Can be used to remove blood vessels, tattoos or wrinkles

Question 21

LED (Light-emitting diode)

Answer 21

• Used to reduce acne (blue light), increase circulation (red
light), reduce inflammation (yellow light) or reduce hyperpigmentation (green light)

Question 22

IPL (Intense pulse Light)

Answer 22

• Used to treat spider veins and rosacea

Question 23

Visible Light

Answer 23

The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum humans can see
• Red = Longest waves
• Violet = Shortest waves
• Fluorescent = Economical
o Problem for certain hair colors, such as blue or cool
tones
• Incandescent = Light bulb
o Closest sub for natural sunlight
• LED lamps – Longer life span and efficiency

Question 24

Invisible Light

Answer 24

• Over half of sunlight is composed of invisible rays beyond
red, which are called infrared
• A small percentage of natural sunlight is composed of
invisible light beyond violet, which is called ultraviolet

Question 25

Infrared Light

Answer 25

• Produces heat • Exposure time ranges from 5-15 minutes • Light must be placed at least 30” (76.2 cm) from the client’s face • Protective eyewear is required for the professional and client

Question 26

Ultraviolet Light

Answer 26

• Can be more damaging than infrared light • Short penetrating light in the spectrum, also known as actinic light • Produces both positive and negative effects on the skin, depending on the exposure time • Small dose of UV light can tan the skin and may help the body produce vitamin D • UV light is germicidal and can kill bacteria that cause skin infections Wear protective eyewear during UV light treatments.

Question 27

Light Therapy

Answer 27

Production of beneficial effects such as reducing acne through treatments using light rays or waves

Question 28

Electro therapy Precautions

Answer 28

• Begin with mild current, increasing slowly • Keep client out of contact with metal during treatment • Limit treatment duration to approximately 5 minutes for direct application and 8-15 minutes for indirect • If you use cream, it cannot contain alcohol • Turn current on after client is holding electrode, and turn off before removing electrode

Question 29

Heat Energy

Answer 29

Heat always moves from a hotter body to a cooler body and can be transferred from one object to another in one of three ways: 1. Conduction 2. Convection 3. Radiation Mild heat: Relaxes Intense heat: Destroys cells and tissues

Question 30

3 Methods for Using High Frequency

Answer 30

1. Direct Application • Electrode applied directly to client’s scalp or face • Used for mild acne and/or blackhead treatment; scalp treatment 2. Indirect Application • Glass electrode handed to client before activating current • Client holds electrode • Professional stimulates area manually • Used for dry skin facial treatment; dry scalp 3. General Electrification • Electrode handed to client before activating current • Client experiences generalized tingling or vibration