102.01 Flashcards
Binary Fission
asexual reproduction by a separation of the body into two new bodies.
Cocci
spherical (round-shaped) bacterial cells, which appear singularly or in groups.
Staphylococci
Pus-forming bacterial cells
Form as grape-like bunches or in clusters
Present in abscesses, pustules and boils
Some types won’t cause infection but others could be fatal
Streptococci
Pus-forming bacterial cells
Form in long chains and can cause septicemia (sometimes called blood poisoning), strep throat, rheumatic fever and other serious infections
Diplococci
Bacterial cells that grow in pairs
Cause of certain infections, including pneumonia
Bacteria
sometimes called germs or microbes, are one-celled micro-organisms.
Bacilli
Most common form of bacterial cells
Bacilli are bar- or rod-shaped cells that can produce a variety of diseases including tetanus, bacterial influenza, typhoid fever, tuberculosis and diphtheria
Spirilla
Spiraled, coiled, corkscrew-shaped bacterial cells
Cause highly contagious diseases such as syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease (STD); cholera; and Lyme disease
Active Stage
Bacteria reproduce and grow rapidly.
Reproduction usually takes place in dark, damp or dirty areas where a food source is available.
As the bacteria absorb food, each cell grows in size and divides, creating two new cells—similar to the budding process in plants.
Inactive Stage
Bacteria are not always active; when conditions are unfavorable, the cells die or become inactive.
Some bacteria, such as anthrax and tetanus, also have a normal inactive or dormant stage. When the environment makes the bacteria’s survival difficult, some bacteria enter this inactive stage by creating spherical spores.
Bacteria that form spores can only be destroyed by sterilization or the use of a product labeled as sporicidal (able to kill spores). Spore bacteria do not pose a threat to the salon environment.
Other bacteria can survive for a long time in extreme heat or cold. When conditions again become favorable for the bacteria’s growth, the bacteria return to the active stage.
Virus
Sub-microscopic particle (much smaller than bacteria) that causes familiar diseases like the common cold, which is caused by a filterable virus
External parasites
organisms that live on or obtain their nutrients from another organism called a host.
Head lice
transmitted directly from one person to another, or by contact with articles that have come in contact with an infested person (such as combs and brushes, etc.).
Parasitic fungi
molds and yeasts that produce contagious diseases such as ringworm (tinea), ringworm of the scalp (tinea capitis), honeycomb ringworm (favus) and noncontagious conditions such as dandruff or seborrheic dermatitis (stubborn dandruff).
Direct Transmission
Spread of infectious disease when an infected person touches or exchanges body fluids with someone else
Indirect Transmission
Infectious disease that can spread through the air or contact with a contaminated object
Contagious Infection
Transmitted from one person to another, usually through touch or through the air
Micro-Organisms
Spread to a new person frequently
Cause no infection unless they actually enter the body
Bloodborne Pathogens
Disease-causing bacteria or viruses that are carried through the blood or body fluids
Can be spread in the salon through haircutting, waxing, tweezing, nipping or anytime the skin is broken
A local infection
is located in a small, confined area. This is often indicated by a pus-filled boil, pimple or inflamed area.
A general (or systemic) infection
occurs when the circulatory system carries bacteria and their toxins to all parts of the body.
asymptomatic carrier
It is possible for a person to carry disease-producing bacteria or viruses with no recognizable symptoms of the disease
universal precautions.
An example of a universal precaution is disinfecting salon equipment and implements.
Active immunity
results when exposure to a disease organism triggers the immune system to produce antibodies to that disease
