102 test 3 Flashcards by Samuel Martell

how are chordates defined

dorsal hollow nerve cord, a notochord, pharyngeal slits muscular post anal tail

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what is the phylum chordata

tunicates and lacelets

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tunicates and lancelets have what

no backbone use their pharyngeal slits for suspension feeding

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difference between adult tunicates and larva

adults are stationary and attached

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what are lancelets

small bladelike chordates that live in marine sands

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what are hagfishes

jawless vertebrates

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traits of hagfishes

deep sea scavengers only marine. produce slime as an antipredator defence
cartilaginous skull,reduced vertebrae, small brain eyes ears and no hinged jaws

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what is a lamprey

jawless vertebrate

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lamprey traits

parasites, rasping tongues , marine and freshwater, lack hinged jaws, rudimentary vertebrae, notochord for body main support, lack paired fins, cartilaginous segments surrounding the notochord.they arch partly over the nerve cord

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traits of jawed vertebrates

have gills and paried fins
are sharks ray-finned fishes, and lobe-finned fishes

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what are the three lineages of jawed vertebrates

chondrichthyans,sharks,rays

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ray-finnded fishes examples

tuna,trout,goldfish

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ray finned fish

have a skeleton made of bone

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lobe-finned fishes examples

coelacanths and lungfishes.

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lobe finned fishes

have a series of rod-shaped bones in their muscular pectoral and pelvic fins.

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chondrichthyans

sharks and rays, they have a flexible skeleton made primarily of cartilage

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chondrichthyes traits

skeleton is cartilage
skate- dorsonventrally flattened, egg bearing, prominent dorsal fin,tail with thorny projections

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ray

dorsoventrally flattened, live bearing, dorsal fin absent,
larger spines on tail

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sharks traits

streamlines body most are carnivores big ones are suspension feeders
short digestive tract spiral valve

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what are ray-finned fishes skeletons made of(tuna,trout,goldfish

bone

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bony fish traits

breathe by water over gils
protected by an operculum
swim bladder,
lateral line system, most are oviparous (eggs outside body)

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ray-finned fishes

webs of skin supported by bony spines
fins are supported by long flexible rays

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what are lobe-finned fishes

coelecanths and lungfishes

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lobe finned fishes traits

rod shaped bones in their muscular pectoral and pelvic fins

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lobe fins

fleshy fin joined to body by a single bone

where are lungfishes found

southern hemisphere

Lobe fin get o2 hwo

gills are main source but can also go to the surface

are amphibians tetrapods

yes vertebrates with two pairs of limbs

what is incuded in amphibians

salamanders frongs and caecilians

amphibians traits

use moist skins to supplement their lungs for gas exchange, poison glands in their skins, lay eggs in water, metamorphosis from larva to adult first tetrapods to colonize land

how many species and clades of amphibians

6,150 species in three clades Urodela(salamanders), Anura(frogs), Apoda(caecilians)

what does amphibian mean

Both ways of life, metamorphosis of larva into an adult

what does amphibian mean

Both ways of life, metamorphosis of larva into an adult

tadpoles are

herbivores, lack legs, legs lungs eardurms and carnivory come during metamorphosis

what do most amphibians have

moist skin for gas exchange

Urodela(salamanders)

a caecilians,amphibians with tails some are aquatic others are terrestrial

Anura(frogs)

lack tails and have powerful hind legs

frogs with leathery skin are called what

toad

toads

fertilization is external in most species, eggs require a moist environment

In what ways are amphibians not completely adapted for terrestrial life?

Amphibians are poorly adapted for terrestrial life because their eggs must always be laid in water and they must retain moist skin in order to survive.

Apoda(caecilians)

legless, blind look like earthworms

are reptiles amniotes

yes tetrapods with a terrestrially adapted egg

reptiles and birds and mammals are amniotes

yes

what is a amnion

a fluid filled sac surrounding the embryo

yolk sac

rich store of nutrients for the embryo

chorion,allantois

enable the embryo to obtain oxygen from the air and dispose of carbon dioxide

do amniotic eggs of reptiles and some mammals have a shell

yes

what includes reptiles

turtles crocodilians, squamates, tuataras, birds, and some extinct groups

what is the name of the waterproof scales on reptiles

keratin

how do reptiles lay eggs

on land

what are reptiles and birds

ectothermic,endothermic

turtles

shells fused to vertebrae, clavicles and ribs

alligators and crocodiles are where

warm regions

alligators traits

darker and nearly black, u shaped snout only in the us and china

Crocodiles traits

longer more v shaped head, fourth tooth sticks out, better for seawater, more aggressive, lighter color. found everywhere

what are the most diverse reptiles

squamates

snakes

evolved from lizards

what clade are birds

aves

are birds endothermic

yes no urinary bladder females one ovary small gonads loss of teeth

living birds are clade neornithes

several are flightless ratites penguins rails ducks pigeons

mammals are amnitoes

amniotes, mammary glands, hair, high metoblic rate due to endothermy larger brain

mammals 3 lineages

monotremes, marsupials, eutherians

marsupials

brief gestation not in woub long ex possums kangaroos sugar gliders and koalas

what group are humans in

ape group

three groups of primates

lemurs, tarsiers, anthropoids

tarsiers

13 species islands of southeast asia

suspension feeders

capture food particles surrounding medium

substrate feeders

live in or on their food source and eat their way through it

fluid feeders

suck nutrient rich fluids from a living host

bulk feeders

ingest large pieces of food

protein

amino acid

pollysaccharide

monosaccharides

where do sponges and protists digest food

in vacuoles

cnidarians and flatworms digest how

gastrovascular cavity

how do most animals digest

alimentary canal

path of human digestion

oral cavity. pharynx

what are accessory organs

salivary glands.liver,gallbladder,pancreas

what do salivary glands secreat

lubricating mucus and salivary amylase

what does the liver do and secreat

bile to breakdown fats

what does the gall bladder secreat

stores bile and releases it into the small intestine

what does the pancreas do

secretes amylases, proteases, lipases and nucleases for digestion. makes insulin and glucagon

what does saliva contain

salivary amylase mucins hco3 and water

what is secreated in the sthomach

pepsinogen and HCL,

the sthomach makes what

chyme a thick mixture

what happens in the small intesting

pancres makes enxymes bile made from the liver absorbes shit fuck ass

charbohydrates

pancreatic amylase _ maltose -monosacchardies

proteins

trypsin,chymotrypsin, smaller polypeptied, various peptidases, amino acids

nucleic acids

nucleases,nucleotides, nitrogenous bases,sugars,and phosphates

fats

bile salts, fat droplets,lipase,fatty acids and glycerol

small intestine s three functional segments

duodenum ,jejunum,ileum

blood from digestine drains into the

hepatic portal vein

what does the large intestine do

reclaims water and compacts feces pouch called cecum aka appendix

12 amino acids

methionine valine histidine theronine phenylalanine leucine isoleucine tryptophan lysine

endotherms

warm blooded get head from themselves

ectotherms

cold blooded get heat from their suroundins

what are kleptotherm

share heat from one another

poikilotherm

body temp varies from surounding