102 microbiology

Question 1

Bacteria definition

Answer 1

called germs or microbes, are one-celled micro-organisms

Question 2

2 types of bacteria

Answer 2

1. Nonpathogenic

2. Pathogenic

Question 3

What is nonpathogenic bacteria

Answer 3

Non-disease-producing bacteria

Question 4

What is pathogenic bacteria

Answer 4

Disease-producing bacteria

Question 5

3 groups of cocci

Answer 5

1. Staphylococci
2. Streptococci
3. Diplococci

Question 6

Staphylococci Definition

Answer 6

Pus-forming bacterial cells
Form as grape-like bunches or in clusters
Present in abscesses, pustules and boils
Some types won’t cause infection but others could be fatal

Question 7

Streptococci Definition

Answer 7

Pus-forming bacterial cells
Form in long chains and can cause septicemia (sometimes called blood poisoning), strep throat, rheumatic fever and other serious infections

Question 8

Diplococci Definition

Answer 8

Bacterial cells that grow in pairs

Cause of certain infections, including pneumonia

Question 9

Bacilli Definition

Answer 9

Most common form of bacterial cells
Bacilli are bar- or rod-shaped cells that can produce a variety of diseases including tetanus, bacterial influenza, typhoid fever, tuberculosis and diphtheria

Question 10

Spirilla

Answer 10

Spiraled, coiled, corkscrew-shaped bacterial cells

Cause highly contagious diseases such as syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease (STD); cholera; and Lyme disease

Question 11

What are the two stages of bacteria

Answer 11

Active stage

Inactive stage

Question 12

What happens in the active stage

Answer 12

Bacteria reproduce and grow rapidly.

Reproduction usually takes place in dark, damp or dirty areas where a food source is available.

Question 13

What happens in the inactive stage

Answer 13

Bacteria are not always active; when conditions are unfavorable, the cells die or become inactive.

Question 14

What can bacteria travel through

Answer 14

Air and water

Question 15

Examples of viruses

Answer 15

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)

Question 16

External parasites Definition

Answer 16

organisms that live on or obtain their nutrients from another organism called a host. Ex. A mosquito is an example of an external parasite that lives on the blood of a host. External parasites generally cause harm to the host

Question 17

Virus Definition

Answer 17

Sub-microscopic particle (much smaller than bacteria) that causes familiar diseases like the common cold, which is caused by a filterable virus.

Requires living hosts-—such as people, plants or animals—to multiply; otherwise, it can’t survive.
When a virus enters your body, it invades some of your cells and takes over, redirecting them to produce the virus.
Viruses are not treatable with antibiotics, while bacterial infections can generally be treated with appropriate antibiotics.
Vaccinations can be a preventative measure for certain viruses.

Question 18

Infection definition

Answer 18

when disease-causing (pathogenic) bacteria or viruses enter the body and multiply to the point of interfering with the body’s normal state.

Question 19

What are the signs of infection

Answer 19

pain, swelling, redness, local fever (heat), throbbing and discharge.

Question 20

How can infections be controlled

Answer 20

Personal hygiene
Public awareness
Practicing infection control procedures in the salon

Question 21

What are the two classes of infection

Answer 21

local infection

general (or systemic) infection

Question 22

What is a local infection

Answer 22

located in a small, confined area. This is often indicated by a pus-filled boil, pimple or inflamed area.

Question 23

What is a general infection

Answer 23

occurs when the circulatory system carries bacteria and their toxins to all parts of the body.

Question 24

What are the two basic ways the body fights infection

Answer 24

Active and passive immunity

Question 25

What is immunity

Answer 25

ability of the body to destroy infectious agents that enter the body

Question 26

What is active immunity

Answer 26

results when exposure to a disease organism triggers the immune system to produce antibodies to that disease
Ex. With either natural immunity or vaccination, if an immune person comes into contact with that disease in the future, their immune system will recognize it and immediately produce the antibodies needed to fight it.

Question 27

What is passive immunity

Answer 27

provided when a person is given antibodies to a disease rather than producing them through his or her own immune system.
Ex. newborn baby acquires passive immunity from its mother through the placenta.