102 microbiology Flashcards
Bacteria definition
called germs or microbes, are one-celled micro-organisms
2 types of bacteria
- Nonpathogenic
2. Pathogenic
What is nonpathogenic bacteria
Non-disease-producing bacteria
What is pathogenic bacteria
Disease-producing bacteria
3 groups of cocci
- Staphylococci
- Streptococci
- Diplococci
Staphylococci Definition
Pus-forming bacterial cells
Form as grape-like bunches or in clusters
Present in abscesses, pustules and boils
Some types won’t cause infection but others could be fatal
Streptococci Definition
Pus-forming bacterial cells
Form in long chains and can cause septicemia (sometimes called blood poisoning), strep throat, rheumatic fever and other serious infections
Diplococci Definition
Bacterial cells that grow in pairs
Cause of certain infections, including pneumonia
Bacilli Definition
Most common form of bacterial cells
Bacilli are bar- or rod-shaped cells that can produce a variety of diseases including tetanus, bacterial influenza, typhoid fever, tuberculosis and diphtheria
Spirilla
Spiraled, coiled, corkscrew-shaped bacterial cells
Cause highly contagious diseases such as syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease (STD); cholera; and Lyme disease
What are the two stages of bacteria
Active stage
Inactive stage
What happens in the active stage
Bacteria reproduce and grow rapidly.
Reproduction usually takes place in dark, damp or dirty areas where a food source is available.
What happens in the inactive stage
Bacteria are not always active; when conditions are unfavorable, the cells die or become inactive.
What can bacteria travel through
Air and water
Examples of viruses
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
External parasites Definition
organisms that live on or obtain their nutrients from another organism called a host. Ex. A mosquito is an example of an external parasite that lives on the blood of a host. External parasites generally cause harm to the host
Virus Definition
Sub-microscopic particle (much smaller than bacteria) that causes familiar diseases like the common cold, which is caused by a filterable virus.
Requires living hosts-—such as people, plants or animals—to multiply; otherwise, it can’t survive.
When a virus enters your body, it invades some of your cells and takes over, redirecting them to produce the virus.
Viruses are not treatable with antibiotics, while bacterial infections can generally be treated with appropriate antibiotics.
Vaccinations can be a preventative measure for certain viruses.
Infection definition
when disease-causing (pathogenic) bacteria or viruses enter the body and multiply to the point of interfering with the body’s normal state.
What are the signs of infection
pain, swelling, redness, local fever (heat), throbbing and discharge.
How can infections be controlled
Personal hygiene
Public awareness
Practicing infection control procedures in the salon
What are the two classes of infection
local infection
general (or systemic) infection
What is a local infection
located in a small, confined area. This is often indicated by a pus-filled boil, pimple or inflamed area.
What is a general infection
occurs when the circulatory system carries bacteria and their toxins to all parts of the body.
What are the two basic ways the body fights infection
Active and passive immunity
What is immunity
ability of the body to destroy infectious agents that enter the body
What is active immunity
results when exposure to a disease organism triggers the immune system to produce antibodies to that disease
Ex. With either natural immunity or vaccination, if an immune person comes into contact with that disease in the future, their immune system will recognize it and immediately produce the antibodies needed to fight it.
What is passive immunity
provided when a person is given antibodies to a disease rather than producing them through his or her own immune system.
Ex. newborn baby acquires passive immunity from its mother through the placenta.
