102 Marine Corps History Flashcards
0
Q
What year did the USMC come under the DON?
A
1834
1
Q
USMC was created on what date?
A
10 NOV 1775
2
Q
What year was the National Security act created and amended?
A
1947/1952
3
Q
What year did the Marines invade New Providence?
A
1776
4
Q
What nickname did the Marines receive during the Revolutionary War in 1776?
A
Leatherneck
5
Q
Who did the Marines attack at Burma on the Shores of Tripoli?
A
Barbary Pirates (1805)
6
Q
What year did the Marines occupy the halls of Montezuma?
A
1847
7
Q
Who was in command at Harpers Ferry?
A
Colonel Robert E. Lee (1859)
8
Q
When did the USMC adopt the EGA?
A
1868
9
Q
Who modified the British Royal Marine emblem?
A
BGen Jacob Zeilin, 7th Commandant
10
Q
What was adopted in 1883?
A
The official motto of the USMC Semper Fidelis (Latin for always faithful).
11
Q
What year was the Boxer Rebellion?
A
1900
12
Q
What did the Marines protect during the Boxer Rebellion?
A
The Legation Quarter against attack
13
Q
What year did the USMC establish its aviation unit?
A
1913
14
Q
Who was the USMC first pilot?
A
Major Alfred A. Cunningham
15
Q
What year were 5th and 6th Marines awarded the French Fourragere?
A
1917
16
Q
What year was the USMC reorganized into FMF?
A
1933
17
Q
What did the FMF formerly establish?
A
Command and administrative relations
18
Q
What was established at Quantico, VA?
A
The Marine Corps Equipment Board
19
Q
Where did the Marines land in 1965?
A
Vietnam and Dominican Republic
20
Q
What did the Marines participate in during the Vietnam war?
A
Pacification program designed to support the local populace.
21
Q
Who did the Marines evacuate from the Dominican Republic?
A
U.S. citizens
22
Q
What year did Marines deploy to Lebanon?
A
1982
23
Q
Why did Marines go to Lebanon?
A
23 OCT 1983
24
How many casualties resulted from the Lebanon bombing?
241 KIA, 70 wounded.
25
What was the withdraw date from Lebanon?
July 1984
26
What year was Operation Desert Storm?
1991
27
Why was Desert Storm launched?
Iraqi government refused to comply with the united nations resolutions.
28
What is the official name for the war in Afghanistan?
OEF
29
How and on what date did OEF begin?
7 OCT 2001 a mix of strikes from U.S. and British air and submarines.
30
What dates make up the invasion of Iraq?
March 20 - May 1, 2003
31
Who were the U.S. allies during the invasion of Iraq?
Australia, Poland and the Kingdom.
32
When was the first battle of Fallujah?
April 2004
33
What was the operation name of first battle of Fallujah?
Operation Vigilant Resolve
34
What date was the second battle of Fallujah?
Nov/Dec 2004
35
What operations made up the second battle of Fallujah?
Al-Fajr (Aribic for "the dawn"), Phantom Fury
36
The Battle of Belleu Wood occurred during which war?
WWI
37
What did the French rename Belleu Wood?
The wood of the Brigade of Marines
38
German intel evaluated the Marines as what?
Storm Troops
39
Germans referred to Marines as what?
Teufelhunden
40
What date was the battle of Guadalcanal?
7-Aug-42
41
Where was the first US land offensive of WWII?
Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands
42
What was the first two "firsts" in the battle of Guadalcanal?
1st US land offensive of WWII, 1st combat test of new amphibious doctrine
43
Why was the battle of Guadalcanal a turning point of the war in the Pacific?
Provided a base to launch further invasions
44
Amphibious landings took place on what 3 islands after Guadalcanal?
New Georgia, Choiseul (Feint), Bougainville
45
Japanese commander claimed "a million Americans 100 years to conquer" what islands?
Tarawa Atoll, Betio Island
46
What date did the Marines land on Tarawa?
20-Nov-43
47
How long did it take to secure Tarawa Atoll?
76 hours
48
Why was the battle of Tarawa so deadly?
Extended reef forced Marines to offload hundreds of yards from the beaches. Subjected to gunfire and drowning
49
What Islands make up the Mariana's
Saipan, Guam, Tinian
50
What year were the Mariana Islands invaded?
Summer 1943
51
Why were the Mariana's invaded?
To provide needed Air Force and Navy bases
52
Who landed the invasion at Tinian?
LTGen Holland M. Smith
53
LTGen Smith's invasion force totaled how many Marines and Soldiers?
136,000
54
When was the battle of Iwo Jima?
19-Feb-45
55
How many casualties did the USMC suffer during Iwo Jima?
23,300
56
What did admiral Chester W. Nimitz say regarding Iwo Jima?
Among the Americans who served on Iwo Island, uncommon valor was a common virtue
57
The battle of Chosin Reservoir took place during what year?
NOV 1950
58
Who cut off the Marines during the Battle of Chosin Reservoir?
Chinese Communist forces
59
How many divisions did the Marines destroy during the Battle of Chosin Reservior?
7/10
60
What was the major significance of the retrograde movement during Chosin?
Brought out all operable equip, properly evacuated wounded and dead, maintained tactical integrity
61
What date was the battle of Hue City?
Jan 1968
62
What two cities were occupied during the holiday of TET?
Hue and Citadel
63
Hue city was the first time Marines fought in built up areas since what war?
Korean
64
How was progress measured during the battle of Hue city?
Yards
65
What date was Hue secured?
25 FEB 1968
66
What year did Brevet Brigadier General Archibald Henderson become Commandant?
1820
67
How long did Gen Henderson hold his command?
39
68
What year did Gen Henderson die?
1859
69
Gen Henderson led the Marines through what events?
Indian Wars, War with Mexico, opening of China, Disorders in Central America
70
What was Archibald Henderson's nickname?
Grand Old Man of the Marine Corps
71
What 3 higher standards did Gen Henderson introduced?
appearance, training, discipline
72
Gen Henderson believed that Marines were capable of more than what duties?
Sea and Guard
73
Sgt Major Quick is remembered for what performance?
Cuzco Well (Guantanamo Bay, Cuba) - helped seize an advanced base for the Atlantic Fleet battalion of Marines
74
Why was SgtMaj quick awarded the medal of honor?
Semaphoring for an emergency lift of the naval bombardment while under Spanish and American shellfire
75
What year did the capture and defense of advanced bases become a primary mission of the USMC?
1898
76
What is Gunny Dan Daly remembered for saying during the Battle of Belleau Wood?
"Come on, you sons of a bitches, do you want to live forever?"
77
Where did SgtMaj Daly earn two Medals of Honor?
Chinese Boxer Rebellion, First Caco War in Haiti
78
LTGen Louis B. Puller earned what two nicknames?
Tiger of the mountains (1930), Chesty
79
How many Marines were with Chesty Puller from Nicaragua to the Honduran border?
32
80
Who is recognized for prowess in aerial dogfights?
Major Gregory R. "Pappy" Boyington
81
Major Boyington was in command of what?
VMH-214, the 'Black Sheep'
82
How many kills did Major Boyington have?
28 by 1945
83
Who was in command of Ira Hayes?
MajGen Harry Schmidt
84
Ira H. Hayes was a member of what Amphibious Corps of Marines?
5th
85
What kind of Indian was Ira Hayes?
Pima
86
How was Corporal Hayes immortalized?
Second flag raising on 23 FEB 1945
87
Who was the USMCs 1st enlisted woman?
Opha Mae Johnson
88
What date did Private Johnson enlist?
13 AUG 1918
89
What was the official title of female enlisted Marines?
Marine Reserve (F)
90
What were the two common titles for female enlisted Marines?
Skirt Marines, Marinettes
91
Who served as the Director of Women Marines?
Colonel Margaret A. Brewer
92
What period did Colonel Margaret A. Brewer serve as the director of WM?
1973-1977
93
When did BGEN Margaret A. Brewer become the Corps' first general officer?
11 May 1978
94
What was John H. Bradley's rate/rank?
Pharmacist's Mate Second Class
95
Joe Rosenthal's photo was used on posters to fund what?
7th War Loan bond drive
96
What flag raising did John Bradley participate in?
Second
97
How did John H. Bradley earn the Navy Cross?
Rushed through mortar and machine gun fire to shield a Marine with his own body, administer plasma, bandage wounds and drag the casualty 30yds to safety.
98
Who did Robert R. Ingram serve with?
Company C, First Battalion, Seventh Marines
99
Robert Ingram was a MOH recipient for actions on what date?
28 MARCH 1966 in Vietnam
100
How many bullet wounds did Robert Ingram sustain?
4
101
At what distance should a salute be rendered?
At least 6 paces but no more than 30
