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FMF > 102 Marine Corps History > Flashcards

102 Marine Corps History Flashcards

0
Q

What year did the USMC come under the DON?

A

​1834

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1
Q

USMC was created on what date?

A

​10 NOV 1775

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2
Q

What year was the National Security act created and amended?

A

​1947/1952

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3
Q

What year did the Marines invade New Providence?

A

​1776

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4
Q

What nickname did the Marines receive during the Revolutionary War in 1776?

A

​Leatherneck

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5
Q

Who did the Marines attack at Burma on the Shores of Tripoli?

A

​Barbary Pirates (1805)

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6
Q

What year did the Marines occupy the halls of Montezuma?

A

​1847

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7
Q

Who was in command at Harpers Ferry?

A

​Colonel Robert E. Lee (1859)

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8
Q

When did the USMC adopt the EGA?

A

1868

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9
Q

Who modified the British Royal Marine emblem?

A

​BGen Jacob Zeilin, 7th Commandant

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10
Q

What was adopted in 1883?

A

​The official motto of the USMC Semper Fidelis (Latin for always faithful).

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11
Q

What year was the Boxer Rebellion?

A

​1900

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12
Q

What did the Marines protect during the Boxer Rebellion?

A

​The Legation Quarter against attack

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13
Q

What year did the USMC establish its aviation unit?

A

​1913

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14
Q

Who was the USMC first pilot?

A

​Major Alfred A. Cunningham

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15
Q

What year were 5th and 6th Marines awarded the French Fourragere?

A

1917

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16
Q

What year was the USMC reorganized into FMF?

A

​1933

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17
Q

What did the FMF formerly establish?

A

​Command and administrative relations

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18
Q

What was established at Quantico, VA?

A

​The Marine Corps Equipment Board

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19
Q

Where did the Marines land in 1965?

A

​Vietnam and Dominican Republic

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20
Q

What did the Marines participate in during the Vietnam war?

A

​Pacification program designed to support the ​local populace.

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21
Q

Who did the Marines evacuate from the Dominican Republic?

A

​U.S. citizens

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22
Q

What year did Marines deploy to Lebanon?

A

​1982

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23
Q

Why did Marines go to Lebanon?

A

​23 OCT 1983

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24
Q

How many casualties resulted from the Lebanon bombing?

A

​241 KIA, 70 wounded.

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25
Q

What was the withdraw date from Lebanon?

A

​July 1984

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26
Q

What year was Operation Desert Storm?

A

​1991

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27
Q

Why was Desert Storm launched?

A

​Iraqi government refused to comply with the united nations resolutions.

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28
Q

What is the official name for the war in Afghanistan?

A

​OEF

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29
Q

How and on what date did OEF begin?

A

​7 OCT 2001 a mix of strikes from U.S. and British air ​and submarines.

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30
Q

What dates make up the invasion of Iraq?

A

​March 20 - May 1, 2003

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31
Q

Who were the U.S. allies during the invasion of Iraq?

A

​Australia, Poland and the Kingdom.

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32
Q

When was the first battle of Fallujah?

A

​April 2004

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33
Q

What was the operation name of first battle of Fallujah?

A

​Operation Vigilant Resolve

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34
Q

What date was the second battle of Fallujah?

A

​Nov/Dec 2004

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35
Q

What operations made up the second battle of Fallujah?

A

​Al-Fajr (Aribic for “the dawn”), Phantom Fury

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36
Q

The Battle of Belleu Wood occurred during which war?

A

​WWI

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37
Q

What did the French rename Belleu Wood?

A

​The wood of the Brigade of Marines

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38
Q

German intel evaluated the Marines as what?

A

​Storm Troops

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39
Q

Germans referred to Marines as what?

A

​Teufelhunden

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40
Q

What date was the battle of Guadalcanal?

A

​7-Aug-42

41
Q

Where was the first US land offensive of WWII?

A

​Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands

42
Q

What was the first two “firsts” in the battle of Guadalcanal?

A

​1st US land offensive of WWII, 1st combat test of ​new amphibious doctrine

43
Q

Why was the battle of Guadalcanal a turning point of the war in the Pacific?

A

​Provided a base to launch further invasions

44
Q

Amphibious landings took place on what 3 islands after Guadalcanal?

A

​New Georgia, Choiseul (Feint), Bougainville

45
Q

Japanese commander claimed “a million Americans 100 years to conquer” what islands?

A

​Tarawa Atoll, Betio Island

46
Q

What date did the Marines land on Tarawa?

A

​20-Nov-43

47
Q

How long did it take to secure Tarawa Atoll?

A

​76 hours

48
Q

Why was the battle of Tarawa so deadly?

A

​Extended reef forced Marines to offload hundreds of yards from the beaches. Subjected to gunfire and drowning

49
Q

What Islands make up the Mariana’s

A

​Saipan, Guam, Tinian

50
Q

What year were the Mariana Islands invaded?

A

​Summer 1943

51
Q

Why were the Mariana’s invaded?

A

​To provide needed Air Force and Navy bases

52
Q

Who landed the invasion at Tinian?

A

​LTGen Holland M. Smith

53
Q

LTGen Smith’s invasion force totaled how many Marines and Soldiers?

A

​136,000

54
Q

When was the battle of Iwo Jima?

A

​19-Feb-45

55
Q

How many casualties did the USMC suffer during Iwo Jima?

A

​23,300

56
Q

What did admiral Chester W. Nimitz say regarding Iwo Jima?

A

​Among the Americans who served on Iwo Island, ​uncommon valor was a common virtue

57
Q

The battle of Chosin Reservoir took place during what year?

A

​NOV 1950

58
Q

Who cut off the Marines during the Battle of Chosin Reservoir?

A

​Chinese Communist forces

59
Q

How many divisions did the Marines destroy during the Battle of Chosin Reservior?

A

​7/10

60
Q

What was the major significance of the retrograde movement during Chosin?

A

​Brought out all operable equip, properly evacuated ​wounded and dead, maintained tactical integrity

61
Q

What date was the battle of Hue City?

A

​Jan 1968

62
Q

What two cities were occupied during the holiday of TET?

A

​Hue and Citadel

63
Q

Hue city was the first time Marines fought in built up areas since what war?

A

​Korean

64
Q

How was progress measured during the battle of Hue city?

A

​Yards

65
Q

What date was Hue secured?

A

​25 FEB 1968

66
Q

What year did Brevet Brigadier General Archibald Henderson become Commandant?

A

​1820

67
Q

How long did Gen Henderson hold his command?

A

​39

68
Q

What year did Gen Henderson die?

A

​1859

69
Q

Gen Henderson led the Marines through what events?

A

​Indian Wars, War with Mexico, opening of China, Disorders in ​Central America

70
Q

What was Archibald Henderson’s nickname?

A

​Grand Old Man of the Marine Corps

71
Q

What 3 higher standards did Gen Henderson introduced?

A

​appearance, training, discipline

72
Q

Gen Henderson believed that Marines were capable of more than what duties?

A

​Sea and Guard

73
Q

Sgt Major Quick is remembered for what performance?

A

​Cuzco Well (Guantanamo Bay, Cuba) - helped seize an advanced ​base for the Atlantic Fleet battalion of Marines

74
Q

Why was SgtMaj quick awarded the medal of honor?

A

​Semaphoring for an emergency lift of the naval bombardment while ​under Spanish and American shellfire

75
Q

What year did the capture and defense of advanced bases become a primary mission of the USMC?

A

​1898

76
Q

What is Gunny Dan Daly remembered for saying during the Battle of Belleau Wood?

A

​”Come on, you sons of a bitches, do you want to live forever?”

77
Q

Where did SgtMaj Daly earn two Medals of Honor?

A

​Chinese Boxer Rebellion, First Caco War in Haiti

78
Q

LTGen Louis B. Puller earned what two nicknames?

A

​Tiger of the mountains (1930), Chesty

79
Q

How many Marines were with Chesty Puller from Nicaragua to the Honduran border?

A

​32

80
Q

Who is recognized for prowess in aerial dogfights?

A

​Major Gregory R. “Pappy” Boyington

81
Q

Major Boyington was in command of what?

A

​VMH-214, the ‘Black Sheep’

82
Q

How many kills did Major Boyington have?

A

​28 by 1945

83
Q

Who was in command of Ira Hayes?

A

​MajGen Harry Schmidt

84
Q

Ira H. Hayes was a member of what Amphibious Corps of Marines?

A

​5th

85
Q

What kind of Indian was Ira Hayes?

A

​Pima

86
Q

How was Corporal Hayes immortalized?

A

​Second flag raising on 23 FEB 1945

87
Q

Who was the USMCs 1st enlisted woman?

A

​Opha Mae Johnson

88
Q

What date did Private Johnson enlist?

A

​13 AUG 1918

89
Q

What was the official title of female enlisted Marines?

A

​Marine Reserve (F)

90
Q

What were the two common titles for female enlisted Marines?

A

​Skirt Marines, Marinettes

91
Q

Who served as the Director of Women Marines?

A

​Colonel Margaret A. Brewer

92
Q

What period did Colonel Margaret A. Brewer serve as the director of WM?

A

​1973-1977

93
Q

When did BGEN Margaret A. Brewer become the Corps’ first general officer?

A

​11 May 1978

94
Q

What was John H. Bradley’s rate/rank?

A

​Pharmacist’s Mate Second Class

95
Q

Joe Rosenthal’s photo was used on posters to fund what?

A

​7th War Loan bond drive

96
Q

What flag raising did John Bradley participate in?

A

​Second

97
Q

How did John H. Bradley earn the Navy Cross?

A

​Rushed through mortar and machine gun fire to shield a Marine with ​his own body, administer plasma, bandage wounds and drag the casualty ​30yds to safety.

98
Q

Who did Robert R. Ingram serve with?

A

​Company C, First Battalion, Seventh Marines

99
Q

Robert Ingram was a MOH recipient for actions on what date?

A

​28 MARCH 1966 in Vietnam

100
Q

How many bullet wounds did Robert Ingram sustain?

A

​4

101
Q

At what distance should a salute be rendered?

A

​At least 6 paces but no more than 30

FMF (8 decks)

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