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Microbiology and Parasitology > 1.02 Bacterial Morphology > Flashcards

1.02 Bacterial Morphology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Observe LIVE microorganism without the use of stain

A

Phase contrast microscope

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2
Q

Microscopy where lighting system reaches the specimen from the SIDES only

A

Dark-field microscope

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3
Q

Polysaccharide-containing material outside the cell that plays a role in resistance to dessication due to its ability to bind a significant amt of water

A

Glycocalyx

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4
Q

Bacteria that adheres tightly to tooth enamel

A

Streptococcus mutans

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5
Q

Well-defined layer that surrounds cells that excludes particles such as India ink

A

Capsule

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6
Q

Denotes VIRULENCE;

Main function is to EVADE PHAGOCYTES

A

Capsule

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7
Q

T/F. Klebsiella pneumoniae has a THICK capsule

A

True

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8
Q

T/F. Streptococcus pneumoniae has a THIN capsule

A

False

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9
Q

T/F. Haemophilus influenzae has a THIN capsule

A

False

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10
Q

T/F. Cryptococcus neoformans has a THIN capsule

A

False

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11
Q

T/F. Some strains of E. coli have a THIN capsule

A

True

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12
Q

Loosely attached glycocalyx that does not exclude particles and adheres to surfaces or to each other

A

Slime layer

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13
Q

Causative agent of endocarditis

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

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14
Q

Cell wall of bacteria is made up of

A

Peptidoglycan

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15
Q

Sites of major antigenic determinants of cell surface and determines bacterial shape

A

Cell wall

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16
Q

Final color of a Gram + bacteria

A

Purple

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17
Q

Final color of a Gram (-) bacteria

A

Red/pink

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18
Q

Describe the peptidoglycan structure

A

NAG and NAM connected B(1–>4)

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19
Q

Special components of Gram (+) cell wall

A

Teichoic acid & Polysaccharides (glucuronic, mannuronic acid)

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20
Q

Component of Gram (+) cell wall responsible for negative charge of the cell surface

A

Teichoic acid

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21
Q

Type of teichoic acid that is covalently liked to PDG

A

Wall teichoic acid

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22
Q

Type of teichoic acid covalently linked to the membrane glycolipid

A

Membrane teichoic acid (Lipoteichoic acid)

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23
Q

Constitute the major surface antigen of Gram (+) cell walls

A

Teichoic acid

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24
Q

Antigen of Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Forssmann antigen

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25
Q

Antigen of Streptococcus pyogenes

A

M protein

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26
Q

Special components of Gram (-) bacteria

A

Outer membrane (bilayer)
Lipopolysaccharide
Lipoprotein
Periplasmic space

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27
Q

Special proteins in the outer membrane of Gram (-) bacteria that permit passive diffusion of low MW hydrophilic compounds

A

Porin proteins

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28
Q

Gives Gram (-) bacteria its high resistance to antibiotics

A

Outer membrane (bec. it slows down penetration of antibiotics)

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29
Q

Where endotoxin is found

A

Outer membrane

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30
Q

Protein that participates in achoring outer membrane to PDG layer

A

OmpA protein

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31
Q

3 regions of LPS of Gram (-) bacteria

A 
Lipid A
Polysaccharide Core
Repeating unit (O-Ag polysaccharide)
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32
Q

The toxic component of LPS

A

Lipid A

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33
Q

Fatty acid comprising Lipid A

A

B-hydroxymyristic acid

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34
Q

This defines the antigenicity of the Gram (-) bacteria

A

Repeating units

35
Q

Difference of septicemia and bacteremia

A

Septicemia - release of TOXIN

Bacteremia - presence of BACTERIA

36
Q

Difference of EXOTOXIN and ENDOTOXIN

A

Endotoxin - non-specific effects

Exotoxin - more specific effects

37
Q

Crosslinks outer memrbane and PDG layer in Gram (-)

A

Lipoprotein

38
Q

Space between the inner and outer membrane that contains penicillinase and B=lactamase

A

Periplasmic space

39
Q

T/F. Acid fast cell wall is characteristic of Mycobacteria and Nocardia

A

True

40
Q

AFB contain large amounts of waxes, complex branched hydrocarbons known as

A

Mycolic acids

41
Q

Some cell walls of archaea contain a rigid cell wall composed of polysaccharides or PDG called

A

Pseudomurein

42
Q

Involves transport of sugar and movement towards carbon source

A

Group translocation

43
Q

Gram (+)/(-). THICK PDG layer

A

+

44
Q

Gram (+)/(-). Periplasm

A

-

45
Q

Gram (+)/(-). LPS

A

-

46
Q

Gram (+)/(-). Sensitivity to penicillin

A

+

47
Q

Inclusion body produced when source of N, S, or P is limited

A

Poly-B-hydroxybutyric acid

48
Q

Inclusion body that is formed when there is excess C

A

Glycogen

49
Q

Inclusion body formed when oxidizing reduced S compounds such as H2S

A

Elemental sulfur

50
Q

Inclusion body that is the accumulation of inorganic phosphates in the form of granules

A

Metachromatic granules

51
Q

Characteristic granule of Corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

Babes-Ernst granules

52
Q

Inclusion body that are intracellular crystal particles of iron mineral magnetite

A

Magnetosomes

53
Q

Inclusion body that provide buoyancy

A

Gas vesicles

54
Q

Bacteria with linear chromosome instead of circular (2)

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

Streptomyces coelicolor

55
Q

Where bacterial genetic material is located

A

Nucleoid

56
Q

Function of flagella

A

Motility

57
Q

Antigenic portion of flagella that is usually the target of the immune response

A

H-antigen

58
Q

Main function of pili

A

Adhesion

59
Q

There are 2 classes of pili, namely:

A

Somatic - virulence factor

Sex pili - for bacterial conjugation

60
Q

Main organ of locomotion of spriochetes

A

Axial filaments

61
Q

Characteristic surface motility of pili

A

Twitching

62
Q

Most common AEROBIC endospore-forming bacteria

A

Bacillus

63
Q

Most common ANAEROBIC endospore-forming bacteria

A

Clostridium

64
Q

Thickest layer of the spore envelope & is extremely sensitive to lysozyme

A

Cortex

65
Q

Responsible for the relative resistance of spores to antibacterial chemical agents

A

Coat

66
Q

Presence of this compound in the core layer of spores contributes to heat resistance

A

Calcium dipicolinate

67
Q

Stain used for bacteria with high lipid content

A

Acid fast stain

68
Q

Primary stain in acid fast stain

A

Carbol fuschin

69
Q

Staining used to demonstrate capsules

A

Negative staining

70
Q

T/F. Cryptococcus neoformans is India ink (+)

A

True

71
Q

T/F. Klebsiella pneumonia is India ink (+)

A

True

72
Q

Nucleoid stain makes use of

A

Feulgen stain

73
Q

Single circular duplex DNA similar to bacterial genome that carry genes for the production of virulence factor

A

Plasmid

74
Q

T/F. Transposons may contain toxin production or antibiiotic resistance

A

True

75
Q

Movement of tranposons can cause what type of mutation

A

Insertion mutation

76
Q

Genetically engineered plasmid

A

Recombinant plasmid

77
Q

Transfer of DNA from one organism to another

A

Horizontal gene transfer

78
Q

Inheritance of parental genes is called

A

Vertical inheritance

79
Q

T/F. Low frequency HGT has been responsible for common mechanism of antibiotic resistance

A

True

80
Q

Donor bacterium attaches to the bacterim recipient cell to transfer only one strand of DNA through sex pili

A

Conjufation

81
Q

Phage-mediated genetic recombination in bacteria

A

Transduction

82
Q

Major force in microbial evolution

A

Transformation

83
Q

Direct uptake of DNA fragments or plasmid

A

Transformation

Microbiology and Parasitology (1 decks)

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