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PHASE 1 CORE DRUGS > 102 > Flashcards

102 Flashcards

1
Q

Amoxicillin

  • Drug type
  • Mechanism of action
  • Administration
A

Penicillin (beta-lactam)

Mechanism
- Inhibits bacterial wall synthesis by attaching to them

Administration

  • Oral
  • IV infusion
  • IV injection
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2
Q

Amoxicillin

- Common adverse effects

A

Nausea

Vomiting

Rashes/ skin reactions

Hypersensitivity

Thrombocytopenia

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3
Q

Amoxicillin

- Important interactions

A

Methotrexate
Warfarin
Allopurinol

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4
Q

Amoxicillin

- Contraindications

A

History of anaphylaxis, urticaria or rash after penicillin= risk

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5
Q

Clarithromycin

  • Drug type
  • Mechanism of action
  • Administration
A

Macrolide antibiotic

Mechanism
- Inhibits protein synthesis in bacteria.

Administration:

  • Oral
  • IV
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6
Q

Clarithromycin

- Indications

A

Acute exacerbation of COPD

Respiratory tract infections

Skin/ soft tissue infections

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7
Q

Amoxicillin

- Indications

A
  • Susceptible infections: UTI, sinusitis, CAP (uncomplicated), oral infections, salmenolleosis
  • Helicobacter pylori
  • Otis media
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8
Q

Clarithromycin

- Common adverse effects

A

GI disorders/ discomfort (abdo pain)

Vomiting

Diarrhoea

Headache

Insomnia

Anaphylaxis

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9
Q

Clarithromycin

- Important interactions

A

A LOT (CYP450 inhibitor):

Ca2+ channel blockers:

  • Amlodipine
  • Verapamil

Statins:
- Atorvastatin

Steroids:

  • Beclometasone
  • Betamethasone

Carbamazepine
- reduces its clearance

Warfarin

HIV medications

Diuretics:

  • Bendrofluethiazide
  • Bumetanide
  • Chlorothiazide

Amiodarone

Apomorphine

Ariprazole

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10
Q

Clarithromycin

- Contraindications

A

Pregnancy

Hepatic impairment

Renal impairment- avoid if severe

Hypokalaemia

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11
Q

Vancomycin

  • Drug type
  • Mechanism of action
  • Administration
A

Glycopeptide antibiotic
- Inhibits cell wall production in gram positive bacteria

Administration

  • Mouth
  • IV
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12
Q

Vancomycin

- Indications

A

C.difficile

Complicated skin/ soft tissue infections (IV)

Surgical prophylaxis

Peritonitis

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13
Q

Vancomycin

- Common adverse effects

A

with IV

- Localised pain

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14
Q

Vancomycin

- Important interactions

A

BARES, including:

  • Bumetanide
  • Ciclosporin
  • Ibuprofen
  • Naproxen
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15
Q

Vancomycin

- Contraindications

A

With IV

- Previous hearing loss

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16
Q

Atropine

  • Drug type
  • Mechanism of action
  • Administration
A

Antagonist for Muscarinic AchR
- inhibits Parasympathetic system

Administration

  • Mouth
  • IV
  • IM
  • Rectal
17
Q

Atropine

- Indications

A

Bradycardia

18
Q

Atropine

- Common adverse effects

A

Constipation

Headache

Nausea

Tachycardia

Dry mouth

19
Q

Atropine

- Contraindications

A

GI obstruction

MG

Severe UC

Urinary retention

Significant bladder outflow obstruction

Plyoric stenosis

20
Q

Atropine

- Drug interaction

A

BARES, includes:

  • Chlorpromazine
  • Clozapine
  • Cyclizine
  • Haloperidol
  • Levodopa
  • Tiopropium
21
Q

Adrenaline

  • Mechanism of action
  • Administration
A

Acts on adrenoreceptors

  • Increases heart rate and contractility (beta-1 receptors)
  • Peripheral vasodilation (b2)
  • Vasoconstriction (alpha)

Administration

  • IV
  • IM
22
Q

Adrenaline

- Indications

A

Cardiopulmonary resus

Acute anaphylaxis, angioedema

Acute hypotension

23
Q

Adrenaline

- Contraindications

A

Pregnancy

Renal impairment

24
Q

Adrenaline

- Interactions

A

Bisoprolol

Propranolol

Selegiline

Amitriptyline

PHASE 1 CORE DRUGS (1 decks)

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