10.1 Theories of acids and bases

Question 1

Using HCl and a different base in each case, write equations, with state symbols, to illustrate the Arrhenius theory of acids and bases.

Answer 1

HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) -> NaCl(aq) + H20 (l)

Question 2

Using HCl and a different base in each case, write equations, with state symbols, to illustrate the Lewis theory of acids and bases.

Answer 2

HCl(aq) + NH3(aq) -> NH4+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

or
HCl(g) +NH3 (g) -> NH4CL(s)
HCl(aq) + H2O(l) -> H30+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

Question 3

Explain what is meant by the term buffer solution.

Answer 3

A buffer solution is a solution which is able to resist a change in pH, when a small amount of acid or base is added to it.