101 review questions Flashcards
when sailing always be aware of the winds _____ and ____
speed and direction
the desirable force generated by the wind moving across a sail
lift
the direction relative to the wind in which the sailboat cannot sail is called
no sail zone
sailboats can reach an upwind destination by sailing in a _____ course
zigzag
the point of sail at the edge of the no sail zone
close hauled
a boat sailing across the wind is said to be
reaching
sailing straight downwind is called
running
as the sailboat’s direction changes relative to the wind, so should the sails ____ to the wind be adjusted
angle or trim
the combination of the true wind and the wind created by the boats motion (what we feel on the boat) is called
apparent wind
the ____ is and underwater fin fixed on the bottom of the sailboat that provides stability and lateral resistance
keel
the sailboats direction through the water is controlled by the ___ which can be turned by means of either a ___ or a _____ ____
rudder
tiller
steering wheel
the mainsail should be raised when the sailboat is oriented _____ to ____
head
wind
when turning the boat toward the wind, the sails should be ___ in
trimmed
when turning the boat away from the wind, the sails should be ____ out
eased
fluttering sails are said to be ____
luffing
the best way to steer the boat on a straight course is to look toward the ___ and pick a ____ to steer toward
shore
landmark
when you turn the bow of the boat toward the wind you are____ _____
heading up
when you turn the bow of the boat away from the wind you are ____ ____
bearing away
the golden rule of sail trim is “when in ___, let it ____”
doubt
out
when the boat is stopped, pointing toward the wind, with the sails luffing, the boat is said to be ____ ___
in irons
when the wind is blowing on the port side, the boat is said to be sailing on a
port tack
when the wind is blowing on the starboard side, the boat is said to be sailing on a ___
starboard tack
turning the boat so the bow passes through the wind, bringing the wind to blow onto the opposite side of the boat is called ____
tacking
changing tacks by turning the boat so its stern passes through the wind is called
jibing
the helmsman’s commands for tacking the boat (also called “coming about”) are ____ _____
and ____ _____
ready about
helm’s a lee
the helmsman’s commands for jjibing the boat are
___ to and ___ -____
prepare to jibe
jibe-ho
to jibe safely it’s very important to ____ the ____ in toward the centerline as the boat bears away onto a run
trim
mainsail
sailing on a run with the mainsail and jib on opposite sides of the boat is called sailing __-on-___
wing on wing
if the wind is on the same side of the boat as the mainsail while sailing downwind, the boat is said to be ___ by the ___
sailing by the lee
the danger of sailing by the lee is the increased risk of an ____ ____
accidental jibe
the fastest way to change the sail’s power is to change its ___ to the ___
angle to the wind
the shape of the mainsail may be changed by adjusting the tension in the edges of the sail
match the sail control with edge of the sail it affects
1. Outhaul ____
2. Halyard or downhaul or Cunningham-
3. boom vang-
- foot
- luff
- leech
the outhaul changes the depth of the ____ of the mainsail
draft
tightening the downhaul or Cunningham moves the draft of the mainsail _____
forward
tightening the _____ ____ holds the boom down on a downwind point of sail
boom vang
to get full power and optimum use out of the mainsail, ____ it until it just starts to luff, then trim the mainsail in so it just stops ____
ease
luffing
two ways to change the sails angle to the wind are:
A:____ or _____ the sail
B: ___ ____ or ____ ____
ease, trim
head up or bear away
the tendency for the boat to head up toward the wind on its own is called ____ helm
weather helm
the tendency for the boat to bear away from the wind on its own is called___ helm
lee helm
while sailing close -hauled, 4 ways to decrease the heel of the boat are:
- ___ ____ slightly into the edge of the no-sail zone
- move the crew to the ___ side of the boat
- ___ the main ___
- move the ______ to leeward
- head up
- windward
- ease the main sheet
- traveler
reducing the size of the sail so that less area is exposed to the wind is called ____
reefing
match the knots to primary use
1. bowline
form a non-slipping loop, tie jib sheets to the clew of jib
Figure 8 knot
keep the line from slipping through a fairlead or block
square knot
tie to ends of a line together
cleat hitch
secure a dock line to a horn cleat
clove hitch
temporary tie up to a dock piling, attach fenders to stanchion
round turn and 2 half hitches
more secure tie up to a dock piling
when you want a break while sailing, you can make the boat lie ____-____
hove-to
you heave-to by backing the ____, easing the ____, and putting the ___ to leeward
jib
mainsail
helm (tiller)
dock line that secures the bow of the boat to the dock
bow line
dock line that secures the stern of the boat to the dock
stern line
dock line that keeps the boat from moving aft
forward spring
dock line that keeps the boat from moving forward
aft spring
_____ are used to protect the hull from contact with the dock or other boats
fenders
the ideal point of sail on which to approach a mooring ball is on a ___ ____
close reach
in the navigation rules, rule 5 ( the lookout rule) requires all vessels to maintain a proper lookout using ___ and ____ and any other available means (e.g. radar)
sight and hearing
it is the responsibility of every vessel operator to avoid a ____
collision
the ___-______ vessels obligation is to maintain ___ and speed
stand on
course
the ___ - ___ vessel is required to maneuver out of the way of the stand on vessel
give-way
a vessel overtaking another vessel must ___ _____ to the vessel being overtaken
give-way
when two sailing vessels are approaching on opposite tacks, the vessel with the wind on the ____ side is the stand on vessel
starboard
when two vessels are sailing with the wind on the same side the vessel to ___ ___ is the give way vessel
windward
when a sailboat has its engine running and in gear, it is defined as a ___-____vessel, regardless of whether its sails are raised
power -driven
a powerboat, not in a channel or restricted in its ability to maneuver should ____ ___ to a sailboat under sail, unless the sailboat is ____ the power boat
give way
overtaking
when two power driven vessels are meeting head on, ____ boat is the stand on vessel. Instead, both vessels should alter course to ___ and pass port to port
neither
starboard
in a crossing situation, if power boat A sees powerboat b on its starboard side, the powerboat A shall
give way
the give way vessel shall take ___ and ___ action to keep clear. If the give way vessel does not seem to be taking early or substantial enough action, then the ____-____ vessel must take action to avoid a collision
early and substantial
stand on
nearly all vessels must be ____ with the state in which they operate, and /or ____ though the us. coast guard vessel documentation center
registered
documented
there must be at least one type I, II, III or V ____ ____ on board for ____ person
life jacket or pfd
each person
examples of visual distress signals include 1. 2. 3. 4.
flares
smoke signals
distress flag
electric distress light
an ___ can serve as a sound producing device
air horn
any sailboat under 26’ in length with and engine must carry a ____ ___
fire extinguisher
a sailing vessel over 23’ in length under way at night or in restricted visibility is required to display a ____ sidelight on the port side, a green sidelight on the ___ side and a ____ light on the stern
red
starboard
white
when a sailboat 23’ or longer is navigating at night with its engine operating in gear it must also display a white ___ light in addition to the sidelights and stern light
steaming
the federal limit for blood alcohol is
.08
in the aids to navigation system, a _____ is a floating aid anchored to the bottom. A beacon is a ____ mark and can be on land or in the water
buoy
fixed
lateral aids to navigation are identified by 3 features
color
shape
number
a way to remember on which side to keep the starboard-hand (red) markers when entering a channel from seaward is the phrase
red right returning
a ____ ____ buoy has red and white vertical stripes and is safe to pass on either side
safe water
the procedure for recovering a crewmember who has fallen overboard (a MOB) is
- appoint someone as a ____ to keep the MOB in sight
- throw ___ device to the MOB
- maneuver the boat back to the MOB and approach on a ____ ____ point of sail
- stop the boat by ___ the sails and bring the MOB aboard
spotter
floatation
close reach
luffing
the figure8 recovery method works well on small boats since there is no ___ , thereby reducing the risk of a second MOB
jibe
checking the____ forecast is one of the most important steps to take before going sailing
weather
a _____ plan can be provided to friend or relative who is willing to be responsible for contacting the authorities if you do not make contact on schedule
float plan
