10.1 Regulatory Framework Flashcards
1
Q
What is the first thing that must happen to an aircraft that’s been successfully tested?
A
It must be issued to type certificate and then placed on the country’s register.
2
Q
A new aircraft shall not fly, unless it has what?
A
- it must bear the national registration markings.
- It must have a certificate of airworthiness.
- If it is used as commercial air transport, it must have an air operators certificate.
3
Q
How and when was ICAO initially formed?
A
By the 7th of December 1944, 52 states of the USA signed the new ‘convention on International aviation’, at the Chicago convention.
4
Q
What was PICAO?
A
The temporary interim body Provisional ICAO, consisting of 21 member states.
5
Q
When did PICAO fully develop into ICAO?
A
April 4, 1947.
6
Q
When did ICAO become a specialised agency of the UN?
A
October 1947
7
Q
Where is the ICAO HEADQUARTERS?
A
Montréal, Canada
8
Q
What do ICAO produce to ensure Local Civil Aviation Authorities, and member states, conform to global norms?
A
19 annexes, consisting of SARPS.
9
Q
What are SARPS?
A
Standards and recommended practices.
10
Q
Roughly how many SARPS are there?
A
Over 12,000
11
Q
As a condition of joining ICAO, what must all member states comply to?
A
The 19 annexes and all the SARPS within them.
12
Q
What are some of the key annexes to remember?
A
- Annex I, personnel licensing.
- Annex 6, operation of aircraft.
- Annex 8, airworthiness of aircraft.
- Annex 13, accident/incident investigation.
- Annex 19, safety management.
13
Q
What is the ICAO constitution known as?
A
Convention on international civil aviation (DOC 7300/9).
14
Q
What three groups is ICAO divided into?
A
1) the assembly.
2) the council.
3) the secretariat.
15
Q
What is the role of the ICAO assembly?
A
It consists of representatives from all states and act as the sovereign body of ICAO. They meet every three years.
16
Q
What is the ICAO council?
A
The council is headed by a president and features a governing body elected by the assembly for a three year term.
17
Q
What is the most important role of the ICAO council?
A
It is where the SARPS are adopted and incorporated into annexes into the ‘convention on the international civil aviation’ document.
18
Q
What is the role of the ICAO secretariat?
A
It is headed by a secretary general and is divided into five main divisions:
- Air Nav bureau.
- Air Transport bureau.
- Technical Cooperation bureau.
- Legal bureau.
- Bureau of administration and services.
19
Q
What is the air navigation commission (ANC)?
A
The technical body within ICAO, which consider and recommend SARPS for approval by the ICAO council.
20
Q
What does the ANC consist of?
A
19 members who are suitably qualified and experienced in aeronautics.
21
Q
In which year did the UK government pass the civil aviation act?
A
1949
22
Q
What does the civil aviation act consist of?
A
Requirements which are laid down in CAP 393, the air navigation order (ANO), and regulations.
23
Q
When and how were the CAA founded?
A
They were first set up in 1971 under the civil aviation act
24
Q
When were the CAA fully established?
A
1972
25
One sentence describes the role of the CAA?
The CAA directly or indirectly regulate all aspects of UK aviation.
26
When did the CAA leave EASA?
On the 31st of December 2020.
27
What is the relationship between the CAA, the UK government, and ICAO?
The CAA are responsible to the UK government, and ICAO requires the CAA to put all regulations in place.
28
Other than mainland UK, what else does the CAA cover?
All UK overseas territories and the crown dependencies.
29
What is the CAA’s principal domestic primary safety legislation?
The civil aviation act of 1982.
30
What does the civil aviation act of 1982, allow as secondary legislation?
The air navigation order of 2016. (ANO).
31
What is the regulation that allowed the UK to retain primary safety legislation from the EU after leaving EASA?
UK Basic Regulation (EU) Reg 2018/ 1139.
32
What does the ANO give powers to the CAA to do?
Issue penalties and offences.
33
What are memorandum of understanding? (MoU)
Agreements between the department for transport and the crown dependencies, which assist in meeting obligations under the Chicago convention.
34
What are the five key tasks of the CAA?
1) safety regulation.
2) licensing/certification.
3) economic regulation.
4) environmental protection.
5) international coordination.
35
What are the basic purposes of the ANO?
It is a part of CAP 343, and it lays down the law through articles and schedules.
36
What is the difference between an ANO article and a schedule?
Each article is a law, and a schedule is additional advice on how to comply with an article.
37
Who must comply with the ANO?
All UK organisations, personnel, and any aircraft operating in or over the UK.
38
What is the ‘British civil airworthiness requirements’? (BCARS)
It expands on the ANO, and sets minimum standards for safety of all UK aircraft.
39
What does BCARS consist of?
CAPS, produced by the CAA.
40
Which type of aircraft are regulated purely through BCARS alone, and why?
BCARS Annex I aircraft.
Annex I states which type of aircraft are not covered by UK retained EU legislation.
41
What is the purpose of the military aviation authority? (MAA)
To regulate all aircraft involved with defence airspace, as part of the defence safety authority (DSA).
42
What is the main MAA regulation?
MAA01.
43
Who are the AAIB, and who are they a part of?
The Air Accident Investigation Branch.
They are a part of the department for transport.
ICAO ANNEX 13.
44
Who are the AAIB completely independent from?
The CAA.
45
In terms of the department for transport, who has overall responsibility for their policies?
The Secretary of State.
46
What’s a summary of the role of the Secretary of State?
To organise, carry out, and encourage measures for development, design, production, safety, and efficiency of civil aircraft.
47
Under the civil aviation act, who can the secretary of state delegate powers and duties to?
The CAA.
48
Who has overall responsibility for the coordination of ICAO matters in the UK?
The department for transport, on behalf of the secretary of state.
49
Who is the Secretary of State accountable to, for the CAA’s duties?
Parliament.
50
What is ‘hard law’ and ‘soft law’ under the UK Reg (EU) Regulations?
- Hard Law = Binding Regulations/Rules
- Soft Law = Non-Binding Regulations/Rules.
51
What are the four main categories of the UK Reg (EU) Regulations?
- Implementing Rules (IR)
- Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC)
- Guidance Material (GM)
- Certification Specifications (CS)
52
What are implementing rules?
They are BINDING regulations, used to a high and uniform level of safety, conformity, and compliance, adopted by the CAA.
53
What are ‘Section A’ implementing rules?
requirements for an organisation or individual to comply to.
54
What are ‘Section B’ implementing rules?
Procedures for the CAA to follow, in order to regulate things.
55
What are acceptable means of compliance? (AMC)
Non-binding means of complying with basic regulation, and IRs.
56
What are ‘alternative means of compliance’?
Propose an alternative to an existing AMC.
57
What is guidance material? (GM)
Non-binding explanatory material on how to achieve the requirements of the basic regulation, IRS, AMCs, and CSs.
58
What are certification specifications? (CS)
They are non-binding technical standards adopted by the CAA, to meet the essential requirements of the basic regulation.
59
What are CSs used to achieve?
A certification basis (CBs).
60
What can be proposed if a CS cannot be met?
An ELOP, equivalent level of safety.
61
What is the basic regulation?
UK Reg (EU) 2018/1139
62
Who does the basic regulation apply to?
Applies to all aviation branches, except in the case of military/customs/police, etc.
63
How many annexes and articles make up the basic regulation?
10 annexes, 141 articles
64
What is the regulation for initial airworthiness?
UK Reg (EU) 748/2012 - Initial Airworthiness
65
What ‘part’ does ‘UK Reg (EU) 748/2012 - Initial Airworthiness’ cover?
Part -21 (Design and production)
66
What does ‘UK Reg (EU) 748/2012 - Initial Airworthiness’ (Part 21) contain?
All of the certification specifications, which regulate the standards of design and manufacture.
67
What are the main CSs?
- CS-23 = Normal Category Aircraft.
- CS-25 = Large Aircraft.
- CS-27 = Small Rotorcraft.
- CS-29 = Large Rotorcraft.
CS-ETSO is the approval of parts and appliances.
68
What does ‘UK Reg (EU) 748/2012 - Initial Airworthiness’ (Part 21) authorise?
- All types of type certificate.
- All types of C of A (restricted, permit to fly).
- Repair design approvals.
- Noise Certs.
- Environmental protection compliance.
- Certs of products and parts.
- Certs of design/production organisations.
It also allows the issue of AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES.
69
What is regulation for ‘continuing airworthiness’?
UK Reg (EU) 1321/2014 - Cont. Airworth.
70
What does ‘UK Reg (EU) 1321/2014 - Cont. Airworth.’ do?
Establishes common technical requirements and procedures for ensuring the continuing airworthiness of aircraft .
71
What are the 8 annexes of ‘UK Reg (EU) 1321/2014 - Cont. Airworth.’ ?
- Annex I = Part M.
- Annex II = Part 145.
- Annex III = Part 66.
- Annex IV = Part 147.
- Annex Va = Part T.
- Annex Vb = Part ML.
- Annex Vc = Part CAMO.
- Annex Vd = Part CAO.
72
What is ‘UK Reg (EU) 1321/2014 - Cont. Airworth.’ Annex I, Part M?
Part M the general (Master) requirements for maintenance organisations and staff.
73
‘UK Reg (EU) 1321/2014 - Cont. Airworth.’ Annex Va, Part T?
The requirements of an aircraft registered in a third country where regulatory safety oversight has not yet been delegated.
74
‘UK Reg (EU) 1321/2014 - Cont. Airworth.’ Annex Vb, Part ML?
Requirements for light aircraft not used by a licensed air carrier.
75
‘UK Reg (EU) 1321/2014 - Cont. Airworth.’ Annex Vc, Part CAMO?
The CAMO is the continuing airworthiness management organisation.
76
‘UK Reg (EU) 1321/2014 - Cont. Airworth.’ Annex Vd, Part CAO?
A combined CAMO for light aircraft.
77
What are all parts and annexes of ‘UK Reg (EU) 1321/2014 - Cont. Airworth.’ divided into?
They are divided into Section A and Section B regulations, the same as implementing rules.
78
What regulation deals with MORs?
‘UK Reg (EU) 376/2024 - MOR regulation.’
79
What is the aim of ‘UK Reg (EU) 376/2024 - MOR regulation.’?
It aims to ensure the industry is aware of the risks it is facing, and takes measures to mitigate those risks.
80
What is the purpose of occurrence reporting?
The sole objective of occurrence reporting, is the prevention of accidents/incidents, and not to attribute blame or liability.
81
What is the main direct responsibility of an aircraft operator?
An operator is required to have a process to manage continuing airworthiness.
82
What MUST operator have, to carry out their maintenance?
Either an in-house part 145 or a contract with another outsourced part 145.
83
Who has the responsibility of signing the certificate of release service?
The part 145 organisation.
84
Who has the responsibility to ensure the maintenance requirements are met?
The operator’s part M.
85
What regulation covers air operations?
‘UK Reg (EU) 965/2012 - Air Ops.’
86
Who must comply with ‘UK Reg (EU) 965/2012 - Air Ops.’?
Operators.
87
What classifies a commercial air transport (CAT) aircraft?
An aircraft that transports either passengers, cargo, or mail for renumeration.
88
A CAT aircraft must not be operated, unless they have what?
They must be maintained by an approved 145 organisation and hold a current certificate of release to service (CRS).
89
What are the only inspections that do not necessarily have to be carried out by a part 145 organisation?
Pre-flight inspections.
90
What four conditions must be met by an operator, to be granted an air operators certificate (AOC) ?
- Type certificate (including restricted/supplemental).
- C of A, or restricted C of A.
- Noise certificate.
- CRS.
