10.1 Meiosis Flashcards

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1
Q

Define interkinesis

A

An optional rest period between meiosis I and meiosis II, no DNA replication occurs in this stage

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2
Q

Outline the formation of chiasma

A
  • During synapsis in Prophase I, homologous chromosomes form tetrads
    • Portions of non-sister chromatids overlap, break at chiasmata, reattach to new non-sister chromatid in a system of reciprocal exchange
      • New combinations known as recombinants
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3
Q

Explain how genetic variety is produced through independent assortment

A
  • Variety produced by recombination of maternal and paternal chromosomes
    • For each pair of homologous chromosomes, maternal and paternal chromosomes assort to daughter cells randomly
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4
Q

Explain how genetic variety is produced through crossing over

A
  • Variety produced by recombination within individual chromosomes
    • During synapsis in Prophase I, homologous chromosomes form tetrads
    • Portions of non-sister chromatids overlap, break at chiasmata, reattach to new chromatid in a system of reciprocal exchange
    • New combinations known as recombinants
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5
Q

State Mendel’s law of independent assortment

A

“Two or more pairs of alleles assort independently of one another during gamete formation”
• This law states that allele pairs separate independently during the formation of gametes
• Therefore, traits are transmitted to offspring independently of one another

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6
Q

Explain the relationship between Mendel’s law of independent assortment and meiosis

A
  • Mendel’s law of independent assortment applies only to traits carried on different chromosomes (unlinked genes)
    • Independent assortment occurs as a result of the alignment of homologs during Metaphase I, determining which maternal and paternal chromosomes assort to each daughter cell
      • Each pair of alleles separates independently of every other pair of unlinked alleles
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