1.01: Intro to Histology

Question 1

What are the 4 tissue types?

Answer 1

Epithelial, Muscular, Connective, and Nervous

Question 2

What objects are a MICROMETER in size?

Answer 2

Lysosome, E. Coli, Mitochondria, Yeast, X Chromosome, RBC, Skin Cell, and Sperm

Question 3

What objects are a NANOMETER

Answer 3

Phospholipid, Hemoglobin, tRNA, Antibody, Ribosome, Coated Vesicle, Viruses

Question 4

Transmittion Electron Microscope

Answer 4

E-‘s pass through specimen, form 2D image

Question 5

Scanning Electron Microscope

Answer 5

E’ reflect off of the surface of the specimen, Forming 3D image

Question 6

Freeze Fracturing EM

Answer 6

Cells are frozen in Liquid Nitrogen and fractured with a knife

Question 7

Dissecting Light Microscope

Answer 7

Light is reflected off of specimen

Question 8

Compound Light Microscope

Answer 8

Light passes through specimen

Question 9

Paraffin Wax Technique for Light Microscope Steps

Answer 9

Fixation, Dehydration, Clearing, Infiltration and Embedding, sectioning

Question 10

Fixation

Answer 10

occurs with formalin

Question 11

Dehydration

Answer 11

using ethanol

Question 12

Clearing

Answer 12

removes alcohol using xylene

Question 13

Infiltration and embedding

Answer 13

placed in paraffin wax

Question 14

Sectioning

Answer 14

Performed by rotary microtome

Question 15

Steps for Staining paraffin wax samples

Answer 15

Wax removed using xylene, dehydration by ethanol, stained, dehydrated by ethanol, xylene

Question 16

Hematoxylin

Answer 16

basic stain, stains nuclei purple

Question 16

Eosin

Answer 16

acidic stain, stains collagen and muscle fibers pink

Question 16

Elastic Stain

Answer 16

elastic fibers AND nuclei stain dark blue/black

Question 17

Silver stain

Answer 17

Reticular Fibers, Nerves, and Nucleoli stain BLACK

Question 17

Trichrome Stain

Answer 17

• Collagen blue/green,
• Nuclei are Black
• Muscle is Red

Question 18

Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction

Answer 18

• Stains mucin of goblet cells purple
• basement membranes pink
• glycogen stains red/magenta

Question 19

Wright’s Stain

Answer 19

• Red blood cells stain pink
• Nuclei of WBC’s stains dark blue/black

Question 20

Osmium Tetroxide

Answer 20

Lipids stains black

Question 21

Artifacts

Answer 21

• Intentional (staining)
• Unavoidable
• Accidental (scratches, dirt, ripples)

Question 22

Phase-contrast Microscopy

Answer 22

Staining isn’t necessary, used for detailed views

Question 23

Polarizing Microscopy

Answer 23

Uses polarized light, commonly for rocks and minerals

Question 24

Widefield fluorescence

Answer 24

Fluorescent dye is illuminated, 3D reconstructions can be made

Question 25

Confocal Fluoresence

Answer 25

uses a laser, higher resolution than widefield fluorescence