10.1 Energy as a Reactant or Product Flashcards
chemical energy
a type of potential energy from atom bonds
internal energy E
sum of all the kinetic and potential energies of an object or multiple objects
thermochemistry
the study of changes in energy that accompany chemical reactions
thermodynamics
the study of energy and its transformations
first law of thermodynamics
the principal that the energy gained or lost by a system must equal the energy lost or gained by the surroundings. energy cannot be created or destroyed
system
the part of the universe that is the focus of a thermodynamic study
surrounding
every ht info in a thermodynaical study that is not part of the system
🔺E univ= 🔺E sys+🔺E surr = 0
🔺E sys=-🔺E surr
Where does the energy go when a thermodynamic system releases energy
Into the surroundings
Work
Force times distance
Processes that Increase the energy of a system
Surrounding hotter than system and surrounding do work on system
Processes that decrease the energy of a system
system hotter than surroundings (heat flows into surroundings) and system does work on surroundings.
🔺E= q+w
change in internal energy based on heat and work
Internal energy is a state function which is independent
a property of an entity based solely on its chemical or physical state or both but not on how it achieved that state
heat
energy that is in the process of being transferred from a higher temp object to a lower temp one
thermal energy
the portion of the total internal energy of a system that is proportional to its absolute temp
types of molecular motion that contribute to the internal energy of a system are
translational motion, the motion from place to place along a path; (b) rotational motion, the motion about a fixed axis; and
(c) vibrational motion, the movement back and forth from some central position.
average kinetic energy of molecules in a gas
directly proportional to its absolute temp Kelvin
