10.1 biology

Question 1

change in a specie over time; process of biological change by which descendants come to differ from their ancestors

Answer 1

evolution

Question 2

group of organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring

Answer 2

species

Question 3

trace of an organism from the past

Answer 3

fossil

Question 4

theory that states that natural disasters such as floods and volcanic eruptions shaped Earth’s landforms and caused extinction of some species

Answer 4

catastrophism

Question 5

principle that states that the change in landforms result from slow changes over a long period of time

Answer 5

gradualism

Question 6

theory that states that the geologic process that shape Earth are uniform through time

Answer 6

uniformitarianism

Question 7

● 1700
●Geologist
●Grouped organisms on evolutionary relationships and similarities
●Organisms not fixed or unchanging

Answer 7

carolus linnaeus

Question 8

● 1700
●Naturalist
●Proposed species shared ancestors, instead of arising separately.
●Rejected idea that Earth 6,000 years old.

Answer 8

george louis leclerc de buffon

Question 9

● Born 1731
●English doctor
●All living things were descended from a common ancestor and that more complex forms of life arose from less complex forms.

Answer 9

erasmus darwin

Question 10

● 1809
●French naturalist
●All organisms evolved toward perfection and complexity.
●Not believed species became extinct, but evolved into different species.
● Changes in the environment caused an organism’s behavior to change.

Answer 10

jean baptist lamark

Question 11

●Did not think species could change, but he believed they could become extinct.
●He observed fossils.
●Theory of catastrophism

Answer 11

georges cuvier

Question 12

●Expanded gradualism to UNIFORMITARIARISM
●GEologic processes that shape Earth are uniform through time.
●Soon replaced catastrophism as the favored theory of geologic change.
●Affected the scientific community, specially Darwin.

Answer 12

charles lyell

Question 13

Briefly describe two ideas about evolution that were proposed by scientist in the 18th century

Answer 13

They proposed that species could change and may have come from a common ancestor.

Question 14

What ideas in Lyell’s theory of uniformitarianism were important for evolutionary theory?

Answer 14

Lyell stated that observable geologic processes, such as the deposition of soil, occur over a long period of time at a uniform rate.

Question 15

What are the key differences between the theories of gradualism and catastrophism?

Answer 15

GRadualism emphasizes slow changes on Earth over long periods of time, while catastrophism emphasizes change through natural disasters.

Question 16

Why are the ideas that Earth undergoes change and is billions of years old important for evolutionary theory?

Answer 16

Evolution often happens over long periods of time. The fact that Earth can change over time inspired the idea that organisms can also change. Earth’s great age makes it possible for significant changes to have occurred.