10.1 Flashcards
the sub- jective experience of perceiving oneself and one’s sur- roundings.
consciousness
a word or other stimulus appears on the screen for a fraction of a second, preceded and/or followed by an interfering stimulus
Masking
if the interfering stimulus follows it
Backward masking
other dots to flash on and off, rapidly.
flash suppression
The brain shows no activity and no response to any stimulus.
Brain death
marked by limited responsiveness, such as increased heart rate in response to pain.
vegetative state
caused by traumatic brain damage, the brain shows a steady but low level of activity and no response to any stimulus
Coma
people have brief periods of purposeful actions and speech comprehension.
minimally conscious state
The increased motor cortex activ- ity prior to the start of the movement
readiness potential
rhythm of activity and inactivity lasting about a day. (The term circadian comes from the latin roots circa and dies, meaning “about a day.”)
Circadian rhythm
a period of discomfort and inefficiency while your internal clock is out of phase with your new surroundings.
Jet lag
During this stage of sleep, the sleep- er’s eyes move rapidly back and forth under the closed lids.
rapid eye movement (REM) sleep
measures and amplifies tiny electrical changes on the scalp that reflect patterns of brain activity.
electro- encephalograph (EEG)
combine an EEG measure with a simultaneous measure of eye move- ments to produce a
polysomnograph
waves of activity at about 12 to 14 per second
sleep spindles
means “lack of sleep.” not enough sleep for the person to feel rested the next day.
insomnia
means “no breathing.” many people have occasional brief periods without breathing while asleep.
Apnea (ap-nee-uh)
fail to breathe for a minute or more and then wake up gasping for breath.
sleep apnea
important for maintain- ing long periods of wakefulness.
Orexin
sudden attacks of sleepi- ness during the day.
narcolepsy
prolonged “creepy-crawly” sensations in their legs, accompa- nied by repetitive leg movements strong enough to awaken the person, especially during the first half of the night
periodic limb movement disorder
causes someone to awaken screaming and sweating with a racing heart rate, sometimes flailing with the arms and pounding the walls.
Night terror
the content that appears on the surface
manifest content
the hidden ideas that the dream experience represents symbolically.
latent content
condition of focused attention and increased suggestibility that occurs in the context of a special hypnotist–subject relationship.
Hypnosis
a suggestion to do or experience something after coming out of hypnosis.
posthypnotic sug- gestion
a systematic procedure for inducing a calm, relaxed state through the use of special tech- niques
Meditation
a feeling that an event is uncannily familiar
déjà vu experience
Alternations between seeing the patterns in the right and in the right retina.
Binocular rivalry
An accidental by product with no purpose
Epiphenomenon
Secreted by the pineal gland
Melatonin
Part of the brain is asleep and other are awake.
Lucid dreaming
Failing in inhabit muscular activity during REM.
REM behavior disorder
dreams occur because the cortex takes the hap- hazard activity that occurs during rem sleep
activation-synthesis theory of dreams
