10.1

Question 1

the sub- jective experience of perceiving oneself and one’s sur- roundings.

Answer 1

consciousness

Question 2

a word or other stimulus appears on the screen for a fraction of a second, preceded and/or followed by an interfering stimulus

Answer 2

Masking

Question 3

if the interfering stimulus follows it

Answer 3

Backward masking

Question 4

other dots to flash on and off, rapidly.

Answer 4

flash suppression

Question 5

The brain shows no activity and no response to any stimulus.

Answer 5

Brain death

Question 6

marked by limited responsiveness, such as increased heart rate in response to pain.

Answer 6

vegetative state

Question 7

caused by traumatic brain damage, the brain shows a steady but low level of activity and no response to any stimulus

Answer 7

Coma

Question 8

people have brief periods of purposeful actions and speech comprehension.

Answer 8

minimally conscious state

Question 9

The increased motor cortex activ- ity prior to the start of the movement

Answer 9

readiness potential

Question 10

rhythm of activity and inactivity lasting about a day. (The term circadian comes from the latin roots circa and dies, meaning “about a day.”)

Answer 10

Circadian rhythm

Question 11

a period of discomfort and inefficiency while your internal clock is out of phase with your new surroundings.

Answer 11

Jet lag

Question 12

During this stage of sleep, the sleep- er’s eyes move rapidly back and forth under the closed lids.

Answer 12

rapid eye movement (REM) sleep

Question 13

measures and amplifies tiny electrical changes on the scalp that reflect patterns of brain activity.

Answer 13

electro- encephalograph (EEG)

Question 14

combine an EEG measure with a simultaneous measure of eye move- ments to produce a

Answer 14

polysomnograph

Question 15

waves of activity at about 12 to 14 per second

Answer 15

sleep spindles

Question 16

means “lack of sleep.” not enough sleep for the person to feel rested the next day.

Answer 16

insomnia

Question 17

means “no breathing.” many people have occasional brief periods without breathing while asleep.

Answer 17

Apnea (ap-nee-uh)

Question 18

fail to breathe for a minute or more and then wake up gasping for breath.

Answer 18

sleep apnea

Question 19

important for maintain- ing long periods of wakefulness.

Answer 19

Orexin

Question 20

sudden attacks of sleepi- ness during the day.

Answer 20

narcolepsy

Question 21

prolonged “creepy-crawly” sensations in their legs, accompa- nied by repetitive leg movements strong enough to awaken the person, especially during the first half of the night

Answer 21

periodic limb movement disorder

Question 22

causes someone to awaken screaming and sweating with a racing heart rate, sometimes flailing with the arms and pounding the walls.

Answer 22

Night terror

Question 23

the content that appears on the surface

Answer 23

manifest content

Question 24

the hidden ideas that the dream experience represents symbolically.

Answer 24

latent content

Question 25

condition of focused attention and increased suggestibility that occurs in the context of a special hypnotist–subject relationship.

Answer 25

Hypnosis

Question 26

a suggestion to do or experience something after coming out of hypnosis.

Answer 26

posthypnotic sug- gestion

Question 27

a systematic procedure for inducing a calm, relaxed state through the use of special tech- niques

Answer 27

Meditation

Question 28

a feeling that an event is uncannily familiar

Answer 28

déjà vu experience

Question 29

Alternations between seeing the patterns in the right and in the right retina.

Answer 29

Binocular rivalry

Question 30

An accidental by product with no purpose

Answer 30

Epiphenomenon

Question 31

Secreted by the pineal gland

Answer 31

Melatonin

Question 32

Part of the brain is asleep and other are awake.

Answer 32

Lucid dreaming

Question 33

Failing in inhabit muscular activity during REM.

Answer 33

REM behavior disorder

Question 34

dreams occur because the cortex takes the hap- hazard activity that occurs during rem sleep

Answer 34

activation-synthesis theory of dreams