101 Flashcards
Keel
A fixed appendage on the bottom of the hull that provides sideways resistance needed to counter the force of the wind on the sails. The keel also carries ballast, usually iron or lead, the weight of which counteracts the force of the wind that causes a sailboat to heel, or lean over.
Hull
The watertight structural shell of a boat.
Bow
The forward part of a boat
Stern
The aft part of the boat.
Transom
The more or less flat surface that closes the hull at the stern
Rudder
The sailboat is steered by a fin-shaped appendage attached beneath the boat toward the stern which can be rotated to change the angle at which the water strikes it. Water must flow past the rudder in order for it to work so it will not turn the boat while at rest. The rudder is controlled by a wheel or a tiller at the helm of the boat. The person steering the boat is the helmsman.
Cockpit
The area of the boat, usually recessed into the deck, from which the boat is steered and sailed.
Deck
The generally horizontal surface that encloses the top of the hull.
Companionway
The entrance from the cockpit or deck to the cabin.
Stanchion
A metal post that supports lifelines.
Lifeline
A wire supported on stanchions around the perimeter of the deck to prevent the crew from falling overboard.
Pulpit
A guardrail at the bow or stern of a boat to which (usually) the lifelines are connected.
Sailing Dinghy
A small sailboat is usually under 20 feet long and open for most of its length. A dinghy has neither a keel nor a ballast. To resist sideways movement it has a centerboard or a daggerboard that can be lowered or raised as needed.
Keelboat
A keelboat is generally larger than 20 feet and can be as large as a megayacht at 200 feet. Unlike a dinghy, a keelboat won’t capsize. In a strong wind, it may heel a long way over, but the ballast in its keel is designed to keep it from capsizing.
LOA
Length overall
Beam
Width of a boat at its widest point
Freeboard
Height of hull above waterline
Draft
Depth of boat below waterline
Bow
The front, or forward end of a boat
LWL
Length on waterline
Stern
The back end of the boat
Port
The left-hand side of the boat when you are facing forward
Starboard
The right-hand side of the boat when you are facing forward
Forward
Anything between you and the bow
Aft
Inside the boat towards the stern.
Windward
Toward the wind, the side of the boat upon which the wind is blowing.
Abeam
Off the boat at right angles to it’s centerline
Astern
Behind the stern
Topsides
The sides of the hull, from the edge of the deck down to the water
Luff
A sail’s forward edge
Foot
The bottom edge of a sail
Leech
The aft edge of the sail
Head
The top corner of the sail
Tack
The forward lower corner of a sail
Clew
The aft lower corner of a sail
loose-footed
Mainsail is attached to the boom only at the tack and the clew
Step by Step Rigging the Mainsail
Attach the mainsail tack to or near the gooseneck.
Secure the foot of the mainsail to the boom.
Attach the clew of the sail to the outhaul.
Insert the battens.
Attach the luff of the mainsail to the mast.
Attach the main halyard to the head of the mainsail
Step by Step Rigging the Jib
Secure the tack to the base of the forestay
Attach the hanks to the forestay
Secure the jib halyard to the head of the jib
Attach the two jib sheets to the clew with a bowline knot.
Lead the jib sheets from the clew back into the cockpit
TYPES OF PFDS
Type I: Most Buoyant - WILL roll unconscious person face-up, used in rough water and required on commercial vessels.
Type II: Near-shore buoyancy vest - Foam vest MAY turn an unconscious person face-up.
Type III: Flotation aid. (inland use) - Intended for light use, presumes a conscious person. More comfortable than Type I. Examples: waterski vests, fishing vests, and belt-pouch inflatables.
Type IV: Throwable Device - Not designed to be worn. Thrown to the victim in water to grasp until rescued. Examples are horseshoe buoys, life rings, and floating cushions
Type V: Special-use Device - Hybrid devices such as hypothermia suits, work vests, commercial deck suits, and inflatable life vests.
Safety equipment on boat
- LIFE JACKETS - PFD PERSONAL FLOTATION DEVICE
- VISUAL DISTRESS SIGNALS
- SOUND PRODUCING DEVICES
- FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
- NAVIGATION LIGHTS
Two ways to stop a sail from luffing:
- Bear away
- Trim the sheet
When in doubt — let it out!
No-Sail Zone
(In irons)
Directly into the wind
Close Hauled
At the edge of the N0_sail zone
Close Reach
Between Close-Hauled and
Beam Reach
Beam Reach
90 degree from the wind direction
Broad Reach
Between Beam Reach and
Run
Run
Wind in the back
Navigation Aids
Color
red, right, returning
Shape
Numbering
Buoy
Left and right Buoy
Navigation
2 types of vessels
stand-on vessel
give-way vessel
Overtaking vessel
Sailing vessel
One port, one starboard track
Starboard before port
Sailing vessel
same tack
Head-On Situation
Bowline
The bowline forms a temporary eye, or loop, in the end of a line and is commonly used to attach a jib sheet to the clew of the jib
Figure-Eight Knot
The figure eight is bulky, and serves well as a stopper knot, and is easily untied.
Square Knot
On a boat it is used primarily for tying a rope to itself
Cleat Hitch
Around the clear. Last loop under
Clove Hitch
The clove hitch is usually employed for temporary needs.
Main and Jib sheet
Type of fire extinguisher on boat
Type B is a petroleum (fuel) fire, and Type C is an electrical fire
Select all correct steps when fighting a fire onboard a sailboat
- Operate the fire extinguisher using the PASS method
- Leave yourself an escape route.
- Make an emergency VHF call
What types and quantity of life jackets are required by USCG to be onboard a recreational sailboat greater than 26 feet?
One Type I, II or III per person, plus one Type IV throwable
A safety harness may be integrated into a PFD. To prevent going overboard, it’s best to connect a safety tether between your harness and
Strong padeye or jacklines
To recover a Man Overboard with controlled speed and maneuverability, the final approach under sail should be
Close reach with sails luffing, keeping the MOB to leeward
Leeward
Situated on or toward the side sheltered from the wind; downwind.
Windward
Facing the wind or situated on the side facing the wind.
When recovering a Man Overboard under power, approach into wind so that when alongside the MOB, the boat is:
Stopped with engine in neutral or off.
Select all correct procedures for towing a vessel:
- Both boats use a towing bridle to spread the load
- Between the boats, use a long line with bowlines on each end
- Communicate with hand signals or VHF radio
What is the international urgency signal prefacing a VHF transmission for a situation involving safety of a person or vessel where there is NO immediate threat of loss of life or vessel?
Pan-Pan
The feature that allows you to send an automated, geolocated distress call from a VHF radio is called
Digital Selective Calling (DSC)
How do surface winds circulate around a Low pressure system in the northern hemisphere?
Counterclockwise and slightly into the Low
What type of fog is caused by wind transporting warm air over cold water, and can persist even in strong winds?
Advection fog
Select ALL weather elements that would result in reduced visibility:
a. Fog
b. Heavy precipitation
c. Blowing sand
d. Smoke
All
Which windspeed range describes Storm force winds?
a. 15-20 kts
b. 34-47 kts
c. 48-63 kts
d. 64-100 kts
c. 48-63 kts
In a marine forecast, the term that describes the average of the highest one third of the waves in the forecast period is:
a. Combined Sea State
b. Significant Wave Height
c. Crest to Trough Ratio
d. Rogue Wave Factor
b
A crew member informs you that the freshwater pump is continually running . What are the likely causes? Select all that apply.
a. Leak in the water system
b. Clogged filter
c. Empty water tank
d. Open faucet
a, c and d
The navigation light that combines sidelights and stern light at the top of the mast is called the:
a. Anchor light
b. Tricolor light
c. 360° light
d. Offshore light
b
The arc covered by a steaming light on a sailboat under power is:
a. 112.5 degrees
b. 225 degrees
c. 235 degrees
d. 125 degrees
b. 225 degrees
Upon hearing 5 short blasts from another boat close by in restricted visibility, you should:
a. Immediately respond with 5 short blasts
b. Turn to port and acknowledge the boat
c. Engage reverse and stop your boat
d. Look around and assess your best course of action
d. Look around and assess your best course of action
While you are motoring down a channel, an approaching boat, dead ahead, sounds 1 short blast. What should you do?
a. Nothing, he intends to pass to your port side
b. Sound 2 short blasts to acknowledge his intention
c. Change course to pass starboard to starboard
d. Sound 1 short blast and alter course to starboard so that you will clearly pass the boat on your port side
d. Sound 1 short blast and alter course to starboard so that you will clearly pass the boat on your port side
When sailing at night, you sight a boat with a green over white light. What is it?
a. A tug towing a barge
b. A vessel engaged in trawling
c. A pilot boat underway
d. A vessel aground
b. A vessel engaged in trawling
Why should you not leave your tricolor on when your steaming light is illuminated?
a. It uses more power
b. You appear like a fishing vessel
c. You appear like a power vessel
d. You appear like a vessel in distress
b. You appear like a fishing vessel
When sailing at night, you see a single white light, which then changes to a single red light. Which statement is correct?
a. You are the stand-on boat, you should stay your course
b. You are on a collision course with a power boat
c. You are the overtaking boat, you must give way
d. You are the windward boat, you should give way
c. You are the overtaking boat, you must give way
You are crossing a Traffic Separation Scheme in a sailboat. Which is correct?
a. Sailboats are prohibited from crossing
b. Only cross under power
c. Cross at right angles, as quickly as possible
d. Only cross after permission is granted by the Separation Scheme Controlle
c. Cross at right angles, as quickly as possible
Common methods of attaching the luff of the mainsail to the mast are:
a. Shackle or bowline
b. Outhaul
c. Slugs or bolt rope
d. Gooseneck
c. Slugs or bolt rope
When sailing close-hauled, your jib’s leeward telltales start to droop or move erratically. What could you do to make the telltales stream? Select all that apply.
a. Head up
b. Bear away
c. Trim in the jibsheet
d. Ease the jibsheet
a. Head up
d. Ease the jibsheet
The mainsheet is a component of the:
a. Mainsail
b. Main spar
c. Standing rigging
d. Running rigging
d. Running rigging
Sailing “Close-hauled” is:
a. When the boat is sailing close to the wind at an efficient angle
b. When the mainsail is luffing erratically
c. When the boat is sailing at maximum hull speed
d. When the boat is sailing at minimum heeling angle
a. When the boat is sailing close to the wind at an efficient angle
Jibing is:
a. A common way to change tacks while sailing on a downwind course
b. Dangerous and to be avoided at all costs
c. Easy to accomplish, in strong winds and big seas
d. A safer alternative to tacking
a. A common way to change tacks while sailing on a downwind course
Jibing is opposite to tacking???
When sailing close-hauled on a port tack, which statement is true?
a. The true wind is always stronger on the windward side
b. The true wind is always stronger on the leeward side
c. The next maneuver will be a gybe
d. The jib sheet is trimmed on the starboard side
d. The jib sheet is trimmed on the starboard side
close hauled = towards the wind
port track = to the left
=> trimmed to the right = starboard
To change from a close reach to a beam reach on the same tack, you must:
a. Head up
b. Tack
c. Jibe
d. Bear away
d. Bear away
What is twist in sail trim?
a. The angle between the true and apparent wind
b. The difference between angle of attack at the foot, and near the head of the sail
c. The angle between the mast and the boom
d. The listing of the boat in a seaway
b. The difference between angle of attack at the foot, and near the head of the sail
What is the most common way to increase twist in a mainsail?
a. Easing the traveller to leeward
b. Tightening the vang
c. Easing the mainsheet
d. Tightening the halyard
c. Easing the mainsheet
Easing the mainsheet is the most common way to increase mainsail twist and reduce weather helm and heeling.
When sailing at 6 kts of boat speed, your wind instrument indicates that the apparent wind speed (AWS) is 15 kts at an apparent wind angle (AWA) of 40°. What is the approximate true wind speed and angle?
a. 5 kts at 60°
b. 9 kts at 30°
c. 11 kts at 60°
d. 17 kts at 70°
AWA is less than TWA.
AWS is greater than TWS.
c) 11 kts at 60°
Weather helm is when:
a. The weather deteriorates and it’s difficult to steer
b. The boat has a tendency to head up toward the wind
c. The helm is lashed to the side and the sails are backed during a storm
d. The boat has a tendency to bear away from the wind
b. The boat has a tendency to head up toward the wind
When sailors talk about VMG to a waypoint, what are they talking about?
a. The time expected to arrive at the waypoint
b. Very Many Gusts
c. The component of velocity applied toward a waypoint
d. The angles and waypoints involved in celestial navigation
VMG = Velocity Made Good
c. The component of velocity applied toward a waypoint
You are sailing along on a steady course on a close reach. How will a sudden gust of wind affect your boat? It will: (Select all correct answers)
a. Cause the apparent wind to decrease and move forward
b. Cause the apparent wind to increase
c. Possibly create more heel and possibly induce more weather helm
d. Induce lee helm
b. Cause the apparent wind to increase = greater true wind
c. Possibly create more heel and possibly induce more weather helm
= allways more helm
Under what conditions should you consider reefing?
a. When a small craft advisory is imminent
b. When your crew suggests reefing
c. When all neighboring boats are reefed
d. When de-powering techniques are no longer sufficient
All answers
Select all the methods that could be used to reduce weather helm whilst sailing close hauled:
a. Bear away to increase apparent wind
b. Ease the vang and mainsheet to create twist
c. Furl the jib to reduce sail area
d. Ease the traveller to leeward
b. Ease the vang and mainsheet to create twist
d. Ease the traveller to leeward
In stronger winds, what is the easiest method to furl a furling jib?
a. Start the engine and head directly into wind
b. Head up to a close reach to increase apparent wind
c. Bear away to a broad reach and ease the mainsail and jibsheet
d. Point of sail doesn’t matter if you use the winch to furl
c. Bear away to a broad reach and ease the mainsail and jibsheet
After reefing the jib by roller furling, what else should be adjusted?
a. Ease the halyard when furling the jib
b. Move the jibsheet car aft
c. Trim the jibsheet harder
d. Move the jibsheet car forward
d. Move the jibsheet car forward
You are sailing upwind in light air conditions and the wind speed increases a few knots to moderate conditions. What are some adjustments you might make to the mainsail? Select all correct answers.
a. tighten the outhaul to flatten the foot
b. tighten the halyard or cunningham to bring the draft forward and flatten.
c. ease the adjustable backstay if available.
d. ease the traveller to set the new angle of attack
a, c and d
Stronger winds require flatter sails. This can be accomplished by tightening the outhaul, halyard and/or cunning-ham. Easing the traveller will decrease the angle of attack and ease weather helm and heeling.
Traffic Separation Scheme
a. Traffic is separated into lanes, similar to lanes on a highway, where ships travel in specific directions.
b. There is a separation zone between lanes to keep ships traveling in opposite directions apart.
c. Vessels are expected to enter, proceed within, and exit the lanes in the designated direction and keep within the lane as much as possible.
d. Crossing the lanes should be made on a heading as nearly as practicable at right angles to the general direction of traffic flow.
Padeye
Round ring boltend on the deck
Jackline
A jackline is a rope, wire or webbing strung from a ship’s bow to stern to which a safety harness can be tethered.
steaming light
Bowline
Clove Hitch
Square Knot
Sheet Bend
Rolling Hitch
Figure Eight Knot
List three measures to prevent seasickness: _______ _____ ____. Symptoms can be improved by taking the helm and scanning the ________________.
rest, hydration, anti-seasickness medication, horizon
Contents of a marine first-aid kit depend upon the number of ________________ and the distance from ____ assistance.
crew, medical
While a hypothermic crewmember should be treated by ________________ warming, a patient with heat exhaustion needs rapid ________________ and hydration.
slow, cooling
Distress signals are used to attract ________________ when you need assistance. In coastal waters, the best way to communicate with rescue authorities is with your ________________. You can pinpoint your position visually for rescuers by using ________________.
attention, VHF radio, flares
Should you be involved in a boating accident, you are required to make a formal report to the USCG if injuries are beyond _______ _________ or damages exceed ________________.
first aid, $2,000
Rendering assistance to another ________________ at sea is required by law. However, assistance should never exceed your level of capability and ________________.
individual, training
Your choice of MOB maneuver depends on the boat’s point of ________________, the wind and ____ conditions, and the skill and experience of those on board.
sail, sea
The final approach for a Man Overboard recovery should be on_______ ______ to control the boat speed and to stop to windward / leeward (circle one) of the MOB.
close reach, windward
If your propeller becomes fouled while motoring, your first action should be to shift to ________________. If the line is tightly wrapped, turning the ______
__________ from inside the boat may free the line.
neutral, prop shaft
If the diesel engine runs at irregular RPM, falters, and stops, the problem is due to an interruption in the ________________ supply, probably due to a clogged primary fuel ________________.
fuel, filter
Lack of cooling water will result in the engine ________________. Stop the engine immediately and check for debris or obstruction in the
____-_____ _______
overheating, raw-water strainer
In the event of a steering failure, determine if you can steer with the autopilot. If you can’t, fit the emergency ________________ into the top of the rudder stock.
tiller
Upon grounding under sail, your first action should be to ________________ the sails. If grounding under power, immediately shift into ________________ gear.
de-power the sails, neutral
List three common sources of onboard fires: ________________, ________________, ________________.
electrical, engines, fuel leaks, galley
Upon discovering water in the cabin, your first response should be to ensure the _______ _________ are on and working, and then to ________________ the water to establish if the leak is fresh water or seawater.
bilge pumps, taste
Duty rotation is not only a great way to share the load, but also provides those new to cruising with ________________ and ________________.
training, experience
When bringing provisions on board, leave the cardboard boxes / plastic bags (circle one) behind as they might contain insects and their eggs.
cardboard boxes
Conserve the cold air in the fridge with tactical food stowage: plan meals so you eat the most ________________ items first, and _____rummaging by packing meal items together.
perishable, minimize (or avoid)
Stow heavy sealed beverage items as high / low (circle one) in the boat as possible, and replenish the beverage cooler from this stock.
low
Skippers should plan on ________________ gallon of drinking water per person per day, and ________________ gallons of water per day for bathing, dishes, etc.
one half, five
To keep batteries properly charged, expect to run the diesel engine at least ________________ hours per day.
two
List three measures to help conserve domestic battery power: ________________, ________________, ________________.
switch off lights, use personal reading light, switch off fans, run fridge only when charging
Good practices toward maintaining a clean and happy boat include a daily seawater washdown of the ________________, wiping the saloon table, and wiping up ________________.
cockpit, spills
Before allowing crew to swim off the boat, deploy the ________ ________ and check for strong currents or shallow depths. Swim with a buddy, or post a ________________.
swim ladder, lookout
Cruising etiquette involves observing courtesies, including asking ________________ to board or raft against another boat, and giving fishermen and raceboats room to ________________.
permission, maneuver
Flotillas offer a great way to gain experience by cruising in company with an experienced ________________ in new sailing grounds.
flotilla leader
List four items that, when you are packing for your charter, should be packed in carry-on luggage rather than checked baggage:
passport, credit/debit card, charter/provisioning documents, prescription medications, change of clothing
Most cruising boats have at least two bilge pumps. The ______ pump is powered by the battery (activated when the float switch senses water in the bilge), and the ______ pump is operated by hand.
automatic, manual
After first determining that the dock’s freshwater supply is _______, fill a cruising sailboat’s freshwater tank through the _______.
safe, deck plate
A freshwater pump cycling on and off when no one is using water indicates an open ______ or a ______ in the plumbing.
faucet, leak
When you have finished using the propane stove, first turn off the ______ and let the gas in the line burn off before you turn off the burner.
solenoid switch
An inverter converts ______ electricity from the battery banks to ______ electricity, allowing you to use low-wattage AC appliances when the boat is not on shorepower.
DC, AC
Alternate Current
An emergency tiller fits into the top of the ______ and can be used to steer the boat if the steering cables fail.
rudder stock
Diesel engine cooling is achieved by means of two systems. Anti-freeze is used in the pressurized ______ system, and coolant flow is regulated by a ______.
internal, thermostat
The engine-driven ______-______ pump circulates seawater in the engine’s raw-water cooling system. The pump’s ______ is an important spare part to have on board.
raw-water, impeller
List four factors that affect a sailing vessel’s range under power: ______, _____, _____, _____.
tank capacity, engine rpm, wind and waves, current, marine growth, vessel loading
List at least four repair items and spares that should be carried in addition to the boat’s basic tool kit: ______.
cable ties, duct tape, WD-40, multimeter, short lines, impeller, fuel filters, engine oil, halyard, shackles, cotter pins/rings, sail-repair tape
The ______-style mainsail is hoisted with a halyard, where an in-mast furling mainsail is deployed using the ______.
classic, outhaul
When setting a roller furling jib, it is important to control the rate at which the sail deploys by taking a turn of the _______ line around a winch to prevent overrides from occurring in the furling ____.
furling, drum
Overpowered sails create excessive _______ to which a boat responds by turning into the wind. This response is known as ________.
heeling, weather helm
To maintain a straight course with excessive weather helm, it is necessary to hold the ______ at a large angle, which causes drag and slows the boat.
rudder
When sailing to windward, maintain control in gusts by _______ (heading up until the gust passes) or ease the ______ using the sheet or traveler.
feathering (or luffing), mainsail
When sailing on a broad reach in gusts, steer farther downwind to reduce the _______ wind speed.
apparent
When sailing downwind, a ______ holds the boom to leeward to stop it swinging around in lumpy seas and to prevent an accidental ______.
preventer, jibe
In constant true-wind conditions, as you head up from a downwind course to a ______ course you will experience more _______ due to the increased apparent wind, and it may be necessary to _______ the sails.
upwind, heeling, reef
Prior to reefing, it is possible to de-power the sails by any or all of three methods: decreasing the sails’ angle of _______, adding _______, and flattening the sails.
attack, twist
Prepare your boat and crew for heavy weather by securely stowing gear, donning ______, harnesses and _______, and adjusting the sail plan by _______.
PFDs (or life jackets), tethers, reefing
To flush the marine head, first pump in some water, then pump sufficiently to ensure the waste reaches the _____ ______.
holding tank
_______ is a technique using the engine and a mainsail only; it uses the increased _______ wind to contribute toward both _______ and stability.
Motorsailing, apparent, speed
A skipper is responsible for the safety of the ___ and ___. While he may delegate tasks to an experienced ___, the skipper will always be held responsible.
crew, boat, crewmember
List at least four important items of emergency equipment that should be located and checked before departure: ___, ___, ___, ___.
life jackets (or PFDs), fire extinguishers, horn, VHF radio, flares, bilge pumps
When controlling a dockline from onboard, take at least one ___ around a cleat to take the load and avoid rope burns.
turn
When docking or undocking under power, the two primary factors to assess are ___ and ___.
wind, current
The flow of water generated by the propeller is called ___.
prop wash
The tendency for the stern of the boat with a right-handed prop to move to ___ when reverse gear is first engaged is called ___.
port, prop walk
To make a 180-degree turn in a limited space you must perform a ___. On a boat with a right-handed prop, this entails turning to starboard with alternate bursts of ___ and ___.
standing turn, forward, reverse
When you encounter adverse wind conditions during docking or undocking, the use of ___ lines as well as the engine and the ___ will help you control the boat.
spring, rudder
The greater the tidal range, the longer the docklines must be to allow the boat to ___ and ___ with the tide.
rise, fall
List three indications that your anchor may be dragging: ___, ___, ___.
vibrating anchor chain, changes in range or bearings, closeness to another vessel
Two anchors set from the bow 45 to 60 degrees apart is called a ___. This method maximizes holding power and reduces ___.
forked moor, swing
When approaching a mooring buoy, preparation and ___ between skipper and ___ are essential for a perfect pick-up.
planning (or communication), crew
The VHF radio is the primary means for making urgent communications. The three levels of urgent calls are ___ for life-threatening situations, ___ for non-life-threatening situations, and ___ for navigation or weather hazards.
Mayday, Pan Pan, Securité
The International Regulations for the Prevention of Collisions at Sea (COLREGS), published under the title ____ ___, establish actions to prevent collisions. Nevertheless, Rule 2 states that ___ is responsible for avoiding a collision.
Navigation Rules, everyone
At night, a sailboat under sail may show a masthead ___ light alone. If under power, a boat must show a white ___ light above deck-level sidelights.
tricolor, steaming (or masthead)
Before towing a dinghy, remove loose gear and tilt or remove the ___. When towing, use a ___ towline, attach the dinghy securely to the sailboat, and tow it at a ___ behind the boat appropriate for the conditions.
outboard, sturdy, distance
When arriving in a foreign country, you must fly the ___ flag just below your starboard spreader. After clearing ___ and ___, you must lower it and fly the nation’s courtesy flag in its place.
Q flag, customs, immigration
A large-scale chart shows a small geographic area in ___ detail. A small-scale chart shows a large area in ___ detail.
great, less
To measure the distance between two points on a nautical chart, span your dividers between the two points, then measure on the latitude / longitude scale (circle one), where 1 minute = 1 ____ ____.
latitude, nautical mile
If the distance between waypoints A and B on your course is 18 nm and your speed is 5 knots, your Estimated Time Enroute is ___ hours. If you depart A at 0845, your ETA at B will be ___ .
3.6, 1221
Your direction of intended travel is called the ___, but the path that the boat actually follows is the ___. A properly calculated and steered ___ will allow your course and track to be the same.
course, track, heading
Dead reckoning uses the boat’s ___ _____, and time elapsed to determine a DR position. A DR position does not incorporate ___ or leeway.
heading, speed, current
The intersection of two or more ___ ____ ____ gives a fix, which is the calculated position of the boat.
lines of position (or LOPs)
When navigating with a GPS plotter, it’s important to use the appropriate ___ to ensure you have the correct level of detail for safety.
zoom
The vertical datum from which soundings are referenced on NOAA charts is ___ ___ ____ ____. On British Admiralty charts, the vertical datum is ___ ___ ___.
Mean Lower Low Water, Lowest Astronomical Tide
In the Northern hemisphere mid-latitudes, wind circulates clockwise and outward from a ___-pressure system, and counterclockwise and into a ___-pressure system.
High, Low
Using the rule of 15s, state the lower threshold wind speeds for: Small Craft Advisory ___, gale ___, storm ___, and hurricane ___.
20 kt, 35 kt, 50 kt, 65 kt
___ fog forms on clear nights with ___ wind, and will burn off with the sun or dissipate in the wind. A fog that requires wind to transport warm air over cold water, and may persist even in strong winds is called ___ fog.
radiation, calm, advection
List at least three actions to take when navigating in low visibility: ___, ___, ___.
take a fix, plot a course, slow down, make sound signals, hoist a radar reflector
Synoptic-scale describes weather patterns over a large area, but local winds may be strongly influenced by local factors such as ___.
terrain
An onshore breeze, driven by differential heating of land and sea, that may enhance or diminish the synoptic wind, is called a ___.
sea breeze
Navigation Rules
Navigation opposite track
Starboard before port
Navigation opposite track
Starboard before port
Navigation Same Track
That closer to wind is give away
Navigation Same Track
That closer to wind is give away
To pump out a marine holding tank, first unscrew the _______ ______ then hold the _____ ______ firmly in the waste outlet.
waste deck plate,
pumpout nozzle
Headsail
Jib
Headsail
Jib
Mainsail
Dodger
Plastic windshield
Bimini
Fabric roof
Documents
Photo ID
Passport with visa
Debit or credit card with pin (cash)
Charter or provisioning documents
Sailing log book, log sheets
ASA international proficiency document
1 fathom
6 feet
Backstay
Shroud
Forestay
Standard Rigging
Rope clutches
Fasten or loosen running rigging
Voltge fully charged
13.2V
Voltage 50% discharge
12.2V
Voltage 75% discharged
11.8V
Must have spares
Raw water impeller
Fuel filters
Alternators
Engine Oil
Spare rope
Shackles
Cotter pins/rings
Sail repair tape
Must have repair supplies
Duct tape
WD 40
Cable ties
Multi-meter
Short lines
Dinghy pump
MOB
Yell
Point
Throw
Set GPS button
Call channel 16
Sea breeze\land breeze
Faster heating\cooling on land vs water
During hot day - sea breeze
Cold night - land breeze
Radiation va advection fog
Radiation forms over land and burn off during day.
Advection form over sea with wind
Dead reckoning
Direct way between two points
Not including wind and current
Short sound signal
1-2 sec
Long sound signal
4-6 seconds
1 short signal
Leave you on port side
1 short signal
Leave you on port side
2 short signals
Leave you on starboard
3 short signals
Astern propulsion, going backwards
Long signal
Leaving berth
