101 Flashcards
The ADA defines a hearing impairment as what
Any degree of hearing loss
Autism spectrum disorder is a type of what
Pervasive developmental disorder that is diagnosed early in childhood
A mental illness is a what
An impairment of the mental or emotional consciousness
A person with an anxiety disorder may experience what
racing heartbeat, sweating, tension, and a feeling that something terrible is about to happen.
Baker act
Mental illness act
Marchman act
Substance abuse/drugs
Mentally defective
Disorder
Mentally incapacitated
On drugs
Physically helpless
Asleep/unconscious
Physically incapacitated
Handicap
Trafficking
Modern day slavery, sex trade/legitimate labor. Long term, and on going.
Human trafficking
Soliciting, enticing, providing a person for the purpose of exploitation
Cause of death
Injury specific
Manner of death
How injury led to the death
Grid search
Indoors, variation of strip line, search, pattern, overlap, and cross pattern
Strip/line search
Outdoor, divided into lanes, moving in both directions
Patent print
A foreign substance like paint, blood, grease, ink, or dirt, transfers, and makes readily visible, which forms from the friction ridge lines on fingers
Latent prints
Residue left behind when the hands or feet and make contact with a surface
Riley V California
It is unconstitutional to search a cell phone without a warrant
Learners permit initial hours of driving
6 AM and 7 PM and then 6 AM to 10 PM
Emergency response guidebook (ERG)
White is for information
Yellow and blue are for materials
Orange is potential hazards
Green is evacuation
How to determine jurisdiction
The first harmful event, or the event during a crash that caused injury or property damage will determine the jurisdiction of the scene, the AOC (area of collision) is the location of the first harmful event.
The ABS (anti-lock braking system) prevents the wheels from locking by doing what
electronically preventing the wheels from locking by rapidly applying and releasing the brake while allowing the driver to remain in control of the steering.
Offset skid
Mark indicates sudden change in direction of tire due to collision force
Non-contributing traffic violation
Has no direct bearing on the cause of the crash (expired license plate)
Non-traffic violation
Criminal offense found during the traffic investigation (discovering drugs)
DUI detection process
Phase 1: vehicle in motion
Phase 2 : personal contact
Phase 3 : pre-arrest screening
Horizontal gaze nystagmus (HGN)
Involuntary jerking that occurs as the eyes move towards the side. 12 to 15 inches from the drivers levels and slightly above the eye level.
Hazardous material class 1
Explosives
Hazardous material class 2
Gases
Hazardous material class 3:
Flammable liquid, and combustible liquids
Diamond shaped symbols/colors
Blue = health hazard
Red = flammability
Yellow = reactivity
White = other
Constitutional law
Separation of power ( legislative, executive, judicial)
Legislative
Makes laws
Executive
carries out laws
Statutory law
Written and enacted by Congress
Administrative law
Body of law that establishes the operations and procedures of government agency
Caselaw
The body of law farm by the decision of court system (judicial branch)
Felony 3rd
Five years, 5K fine or both
Felony 2
15 years, 10K fine or both
Felony 1
30 years to life, 10K fine or both
Principal in the first degree
Commits any criminal offense, aids, abets, councils, or persuades crime.
Accessory, after-the-fact
Person who gives the principal any aid to avoid detention or arrest
General intent
Forbidden act by offender ( battery)
Specific intent
Intention to the private owner of something (embezzlement )
Compensatory damages
Actual property damage (car accident)
Reasonable suspicion
Standard of justification needed to support an investigative stop
Illinois v Wardlow
Bing any suspicious area standing alone is not enough to suspect a crime
Terry, V, Ohio
Reasonable suspicion
Investigative stop: allows to do a frisk/pat down for weapons,
Two Elements/requirements: person has lawfully detained, have to have a reasonable belief the person is armed.
Carol V US
Carrol Doctrine is the rule
If you have probable cause to believe that there is crime evident or contraband you can search a car without a warrant
US V Ross
If you have probable cause then every part of the vehicle is open to be searched per Carrol and Ross
Minnesota v Dickerson
Has to do with Plain touch/plain feel: immediately recognized as contraband.
A bag of “weed”
Whren V Us VS Pretext stop
a headlight being out, look for drugs or something else.
Illinois V Gates:
totality of circumstances for probable cause
US v Robinson:
“ Search incident” to arrest case:
It’s the rule: 2 reasons why you’re allowed to search person: disarm a suspect or preserve evidence for the reason of the arrest.
Chimel v California
you can search is within immediate reach
Thornton
Search car after arrest
Belton
Trunk no search
Arizona v Gant
They have to be unsecure, look in car for evidence to preserve
Graham v Connor
objective reasonableness
Reasonable officers point of view.
Nervous system
Controls, voluntary and involuntary body activity
Involuntary muscles or smooth muscles
Carryout, many automatic body functions, they are in the walls of the tube like organs, ducts, blood vessels and intestinal wall
On infant
Check the brachial
Unconscious, adult or child
Checked the carotid
Normal breathing rate: adult
12 to 20
Normal breathing: child
15 -30
Normal breathing rate: infant
25-50
Contusion (bruise)
A closed injury that is discolored and painful at the injury site
Circulatory system
Pumps blood through the body
peripheral nervous system
Includes nerves that connect to the spinal cord and branch out to every part of the body
Arterial bleeding
Bright red blood, spurts from a wound (shepherd, or damage artery)
Venous bleeding
dark red with continuous flow
Capillary bleeding
Dark red slow, oozing flow of blood
Puncture wound
a soft tissue injury caused by the penetration of a sharp object
Laceration
Open wound that varies in depth and width
Evisceration
Open wound where the organs protrude
Avulsion
Flap of torn, or cut skin that be not be completely lose from the body
Abrasion
Scrape
Conscious adult or child
Radial pulse
Fine motor skills
use of muscles in fingers, toes, and eyes to coordinate small actions
Gross motor skills
motor skills that involve large-muscle activities, such as walking, running, punching or kicking
Complex motor skills
combine fine and gross motor skills using hand and eye coordination timed to a single event, such as driving a vehicle.
Reactionary gap
6-9 ft if hands are visible or 25 if you don’t
Evasion
Simply shifting your body or side, stopping to avoid attack
Redirection
Using empty hand techniques to move subject away
Stalling
a tactical method of safely controlling a suspect until you physically recover or reassess the situation, or backup arrives.
How many stalling techniques
4
Aggressive resistance
Is hostile, attacking movements that may cause injury, but are not likely to cause death or great bodily harm
Active resistance
a subject’s use of physically evasive movements directed toward the officer such as bracing, tensing, pushing, or pulling to prevent the officer from establishing control over the subject.
Passive resistance
Verbal or physical refusal to comply with an officers lawful direction causing officer to use physical techniques to establish control
Draper v. Reynolds
Has to do with CEW
Distance for DFSG
15-25ft patrol
25 for swat
Voltage for basic stun gun
20,000 to 150,000 Volts
Decision to use a dart firing stun gun must involve
An arrest or a custodial situation
Situation escalates from passive physical resistance to active physical resistance
Subject has the ability to physically threaten the officer or others or attempts to flee
Ampere
Measure of electrical, current or power
central nervous system
Located in the brain, and in the spinal cord
skeletal system
Supporting framework for the body, giving it shape
Muscular system
Gives the body shape and protects internal organs and provides body moment
Voluntary muscles
Use for deliver acts, such as chewing, bending, lifting, and running
Carotid
Major artery in the neck
Brachial
Major artery in the upper arm
Radial
Major artery in the wrist
Sample
Signs, allergies, medication, past, last oral intake, events
Dots
deformities, open wounds, tenderness, swelling
Pulse rate for infant (highest)
120-160
Pulse rate for a child
100-120
Pulse rate for adult
60-100
AVPU
Alert, Verbal, Pain, Unresponsive
Hematoma
Close injury that appears as a discolored lump
Swelling
Soft tissue raised when blood or other body fluids pool beneath the skin at the injury site
LOC
Level of consciousness
Sovereign immunity
Derive from the common law idea that the king and his agents can do no wrong
Capias
Legal order for an arrest issued by the clerk of court at the request of the state attorneys office
Oath
Solemn and formal promise often invoking God
Affirmation
Solemn and formal declaration, in place of an oath, to avoid religion
Sentence fragment
a sentence missing a subject or verb or complete thought
Sovereign citizen
movement consists of a subculture of society that holds anti-government beliefs.
Militias
Refused to recognize the authority of cops, and feds
Discrimination
Occurs when someone chooses to act on their prejudice
Prejudice
baseless attitude towards a person only because of their membership in a social group
Example : everyone that lives in a hood is in a gang
Stereotyping
Judging a group of people who are different from you based on your own encounters
Example: All Hispanics are undocumented immigrants
Explicit bias
Aware of their dislikes of certain groups of people, and might be openly hateful and biased in their actions
Bias
Unfair treatment and attitude towards a group of people
Vertical communication
Information that flows down through the supervision levels to the lowest levels of the organization
LEED
Listen, explain, equity and dignity
Subject
Unknown person, accused, or suspected of committing a crime
Suspect/Detainee
the person believed to have committed a crime
8th amendment
Cruel and unusual punishment
6th amendment
Speedy and public trial
Fair jury/an attorney, a chance to confront the witness and an impartial trial
4th amendment
Search and seizure, may require a warrant, signed by an independent magistrate
Lateral communication
Same level communication
Routine stress
Happens daily
Acute stress
Short lived in, occurs when you experience unexpected changes
Example : end of a relationship, death of a family, member, or sudden unemployment
Investigative stops must have
Reasonable suspicion
Most law-enforcement agencies have a structure that is
Practical and hierarchical
The CJSTC may discipline an officer who commit any of the following
A written reprimand, probation up to two years, suspension up to two years and revocation of certification
Tennessee v. Garner
Deadly force may not be used against an unarmed and fleeing suspect unless necessary to prevent the escape and unless the officer has probable cause to believe that the suspect poses a significant threat of death or serious injury to the officers or others.
While on patrol, you may face attack from gunfire, fire bombs, rocks, or other missiles. If this happens, you must
Immediately get away from the area, roll up window, and turn off air conditioner
When arriving on scene to an exotic animal, call you should immediately do what?
Identify any immediate thread or injury to anyone requiring first aid
The only way a landlord can legally recover possession of the least residence. Without the consent of the tenant is to do what?
File an eviction proceeding in the county court where the residence is located
Crisscross Technique
Officers start on opposite sides of the doorway. They enter rapidly, one after the other, crossing to the opposite sides.
The primary target areas of a subject’s body should be
Below the neck for back shots and below the heart for front shots.
The basic idea of a CEW is to what?
Disturb the body’s communication system by generating a high voltage, low current electrical discharge
Touch pressure
Touching the location of a nerve or sensitive area and applying continual, uninterrupted pressure with the tip of the finger(s) or thumb until the subject complies
Stabilization
Immobilizing the subject’s head so the subject cannot move or escape
Duty life
Expressed in months
Shelf life
Expressed in years
Flail chest
fracture of two or more ribs in two or more places and become free floating
Three second rule established what
The minimum safe following distance for all vehicles and provides space and time for the driver to react to potential hazards
When is the six second rule used?
During inclement weather, fog and smoke
Pitch
Occurs during a celebration or breaking, and causes the transfer of vehicles way from the front to rear or rear to front
Roll
Occurs when turning, the vehicle shifts weight from side to side
Yaw
The transfer of a vehicles weight causing an end to end motion, resulting in the vehicle turning 180 horizontally
Vision supplies about?
90% to 95% of incoming data way driver and helps with detecting and avoiding hazards
Acuity
sharpness of vision
Depth perception
Ability to judge decisions, and perceive space to determine how far away an object is
Peripheral vision
Ability to see above, below, and to the sides, can see about 180 from side to side
Battery
unlawful touching of another person without consent
Aggravated battery
Intentionally or knowingly, cause great bodily harm, permanent disability, permanent disfigurement, or are used a deadly weapon
Example : pregnant = aggravated battery
Felony battery
no conscience intent of great bodily harm
Previous conviction for battery
Aggravated assault
This suspect committed all the elements of assault, and in addition, made the assault with a deadly weapon, without the intent to kill, or with the intent to commit a felony
Assault
involves verbal or non-verbal threats. For example, aggravated assault
if someone walks up to you within striking distance and suddenly
raises their fist in a manner that puts you in fear of being harmed, even if they do not say a word, they committed assault.
Sexual violence
Any one incident of sexual battery, or a lewd or lascivious act committed on or in the presence of someone younger than 16 years of age
Maliciously
means wrongfully, intentionally, without legal justification or excuse, and with the knowledge that injury or damage will or may be caused to another person or their property
Stalking
involves unwanted and repeated attention, contact, or harassment by the suspect toward the victim. = harassment.
credible threat
a verbal or non-verbal threat, or a combination of the two, that places someone in reasonable fear for their safety or the safety of their family and friends
Cyberstalk
means to engage in a course of conduct to communicate, or cause to be communicated, words, images, or language by or through the use of electronic mail or electronic communication, directed at a specific person, causing substantial emotional distress to that person and serving no legitimate purpose.
Sexual cyberharass
means to publish a sexually explicit image of a person that contains or conveys the personal identification information of the person to a website without that person’s consent, for no legitimate purpose, with the intent of causing substantial emotional distress to the depicted person.
Aggravated Stalking
Occurs when the suspect, willfully, maliciously, and repeatedly follows, harasses, or cyber stocks, the victim, and repeatedly makes a credible threat
child abuse
Intentionally inflicting, physical or mental injury, committing an intentional act that could reasonably be expected to result in physical or mental injury, or actively encouraging another person to commit an act that result in or could reasonably have been expected to result in physical or mental injury to a child
Physical injury
Defined as death, permanent, or temporary disfigurement, or impairment of any bodily part
Mental injury
An injury to the intellectual or physiological health of a child
Child neglect
Failure to provide
Abandonment
No significant contribution to a child care and maintenance, or has failed to establish or maintain a substantial and positive relationship with a child
Abusive head trauma
Traumatic brain injury to the head and brain of an infant or child younger than six years of age
Shaken baby syndrome estimates
1200 to 1400 children are injured or killed by head trauma. That is child abuse each year.
Shaken baby syndrome, excuses
Fell off the bed, gagged, or choked with a feeding, had an earlier minor injury that was made worse by a later injury, had a reaction to immunizations or vitamins
Disabled adult
A person, 18 or older, who has a condition of physical or mental incapacitation, due to developmental disability, organic brain, damage or mental illness, who has one or more physical or mental limitation that restricts the persons ability to perform the normal activities of daily living
False Imprisonment
restraining an individual or restricting an individual’s freedom
Domestic violence
kidnapping
the unlawful removal or restraint of a person against his or her will
Hold the victim for ransom or reward, or as a shield or hostage
State and federal: violation
Sexual activity
Means the oral, anal, or vaginal penetration by or union with the sexual organ of another or the anal or vaginal penetration of another, by any object
Lewd or Lascivious Battery
involves engaging in sexual activity with a person 12 years of age or older but less than 16 years of age; or encouraging, forcing, or enticing any person less than 16 years of age to engage in sadomasochistic abuse, sexual bestiality, prostitution, or any other act involving sexual activity.
Lewd or lascivious molestation
Intentionally touching in a lewd or lascivious manner the breasts, genitals, genital area, or buttocks, or the clothing covering them or forcing or enticing a person to so touch the perpetrator.
Lewd or lascivious conduct
Intentionally touching a person in a lewd or lascivious manner, or soliciting a person to commit a lewd or lascivious act.
Lewd or Lascivious Exhibition
Intentionally masturbating; intentionally exposing the genitals in a lewd or lascivious manner
Burglary
Intent, to commit a crime inside,
Not present
Home invasion
Present and aware
Robbery
the unlawful taking of property from a person’s immediate possession by force or intimidation
Theft
Knowingly, obtaining, using or trying to obtain or use property of another
Petit theft
$100 or more but less than $750, misdemeanor
If the person commits two or more of these, the crime becomes a third-degree felony
Grand theft
Involves the deft of an item with a value of $750 or more
Also includes identity, theft, and fraud, not just theft of property, funds, or assets
Retail theft
involves taking possession of or carrying away merchandise, money, or negotiable instruments, altering or removing a label or price tag, transferring merchandise from one container to another of lower price, or removal of a shopping cart with intent to deprive the merchant of possession, use, benefit, or full retail value.
Dealing in stolen property is a
First or second-degree felony
Criminal Mischief
damaging or destroying personal property
Fraud
Intentional falsification of the truth to induce another person, or other entity, to part with something of value, or to surrender their legal right to it
Example: identity theft
Forgery
Altering, forging, or counterfeiting, a public record, certificate, legal document, bill of exchange, or promissory note
Example: fake $ bills
Uttering
Knowingly, exhibiting, or publishing, a document, or attending to cash a check by claiming to check. Example: Fake Covid vaccine proof..
Possession
To have personal charge of or exercise, the right of ownership, management, or control over the thing possessed. Possession maybe actually, constructive, or joint
Actual possession
Means the controlled substance is in the hands of or on the suspect, in a container in the hands of or on the suspect, or close as to be within, ready reach, and in under the control of the suspect.
Constructive possession
Means the controlled substance is in a place over which the suspect has control, or in which the suspect has concealed it
Joint possession
means two or more suspects may jointly possess an article, exercising control over it. In that
case, each of those suspects is in possession of that article.
Compensatory Damages
designed to compensate for the actual property damage, harm.
Example : car accident
Writ of Replevin
a court order that entitles the creditor to possess collateral after the borrower defaults
Perishable evidence can include
Blood, foot prints, and tire impressions, or trace evidence, such as hair or fibers
Transitory evidence
Can blow away or wash away
Fragile evidence can include
a bullet hole in glass held into place by a thin window tint
Most common specimens
Blood, seminal fluid or saliva
Plastic print
Molded or embedded fingerprint, created by touching an impressionable surface, such as fresh paint, wax, far of soap, or mud, that you can easily see
Latent print
Results from body residues left behind when the friction ridges of the hands or feet, and make contact with the surface
Invisible to the naked eye
High priority
Photo array
A selection of photographs compiled to show to a victim or eyewitness in a non-suggestive manner for identifying a suspect
Pre-2017 color for learners license
Yellow
License is issued to 21 and older have
A horizontal format
gouge
Cut into the surface of a road
Scrape (road evidence)
A broad area of a hard surface covered with many scratches, occur between the AOC and the point of the vehicles final rest
What are the weather conditions that are most likely to affect your vehicles performance in Florida
Rain and wind
Incipient Skid or Impending Skid
It is temporary and may only be visible for 15 to 20 minutes after a crash . This is also THE TYPE OF SKID MARK LEFT BY ABS.
Furrow Mark
A type of trench dug by locked tires moving across a soft surface such as gravel, sand, grass, or dirt
A scuff or yaw mark occurs when
A vehicle loses tire traction from entering a curve too fast or from oversteering.
Muzzle /barrel
Provides a pad for the fired bullet, and is chambered to hold the cartridge
Slide
House is the firing pin, safety, drop, safety, sites and extractor
Isosceles stance
- Stand with your feet approximately shoulder-width apart. Keep your weight on the balls of your feet.
- Bend your knees slightly so you can move in any direction
- Square, your head and shoulders to the target, body weight, forward,
- lock your arms, straight out in front, bring the handgun to iron level, and keep your head erect.
Weaver Stance
- Stand at a 45-degree angle to the target, with your feet shoulder-width apart. Your weapon-side foot is to the rear.
- Bend your knees slightly so your weight is on the balls of your feet. Keep your shoulders at a 45-degree angle to the target.
- Extend the weapon arm, almost fully while bending your support arm at the elbow. the elbows should be fairly close together, not allowing them to flare out.
- Push forward with your shooting hand and pull back with your support hand to create isometric tension.
- Bring your weapon to eye level and keep your head erect.
Hip Shooting Stance
Only used when you are within arms reach, 3 to 4 feet away
