10.1 - 10.3 Flashcards
What is the primary function of muscle
The transformation of chemical energy into mechanical energy to generate force , perform work , and produce movement
What four ways does muscle tissue maintain through various body systems
Body position , regulate organ volume , generate , and propel fluids and food matter through body systems
What is the function of skeletal muscle and describe how it functions ?
Moves the bones of skeleton , and works in a voluntary manner. It’s function is controlled by neurons apart of the somatic voluntary division of nervous system , also control subconsciously sometimes
What does skeletal muscle look like?
Has striations alternating light and dark protein bands
Where is cardiac muscle located
Only the heart which forms most of the heart wall
Describe cardiac muscle appearance and function
Striated ; functions in an involuntary manner alternating contraction and relaxation of the heart and the heart beats
What is autorhythmicity
Natural pacemaker that initiates contractions
What controls the rate the heart beats ?
Hormones and neurotransmitters adjust the rate by speeding or slowing the pacemaker
Where is smooth muscle tissue located ?
Walls of hollow internal structures , such as blood vessels , airways , and most of organs in the abdominopelvic cavity , skin attached to hair follicles
Describe the structure of smooth muscle tissue and how it functions
Nonstriated ; involuntary
What regulates cardiac muscle and smooth muscle tissue
Neurons that are alert of autonomic (involuntary) division of the nervous system , hormones released by endocrine glands
What are the four key functions of muscle tissue
Producing body movements , stabilizing body positions , storing and moving substances within the body , generating heat
What are examples of how muscle tissue contribute to movement and how they contribute to movement?
Walking , running , and localized movement rely on functioning of skeletal muscle , bones , and joints
How does muscle tissue stabilize body positions ?
Skeletal muscle stabilize joints and help maintain body position such as postural muscles and sustained contractions
How does muscle contractions store and move within the body ?
Ringlike bands of smooth muscle help move substances and store substance ( sphincters )
What are sphincters and their function ?
sustained contractions of ringlike bands of smooth muscle ; prevent outflow of contents of a hollow organ
What are some examples of how muscle tissue store and move substances within the body?
Storage of food in the in the stomach , urine in the urinary bladder ; (cardiac muscle contractions) pump blood through the blood vessels of the body ; ( smooth muscle contraction) adjust blood vessel dies meter and regulate the rate of blood flow , move to food and substances such as bile and enzymes ; (skeletal muscle contractions) promote the flow of lymph and aid the return of blood in veins to the heart
How does muscle tissue generate heat and why does it generate heat?
Used to mani tail normal body temperature ; ( involuntary skeletal muscle ) shivering increases the rate of heat production
What are the four special properties that enable it to function and contribute to homeostasis?
Electrical excitability , contractility , extensibility , and elasticity
What are action potentials ?
Cells that can respond to certain stimuli by producing electrical signals called action potentials
What two cells have electrical excitability?
Muscle and nerve cells
What are action potentials in muscles called ?
Muscle action potentials
What action potentials are called on nerves
Nerve action potential
What two main type of stimuli trigger action potentials ?
Autorhythmic electrical signals & chemical stimuli
