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Human Services Structures > 1006HSV Exam Prep Weeks 1 - 6 > Flashcards

1006HSV Exam Prep Weeks 1 - 6 Flashcards

Covers weeks 1 - 6

1
Q

What are the four principles of Social Justice?

A
  1. Access
  2. Equity
  3. Rights
  4. Participation
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2
Q

What is Human Services?

A
  • Response to human need and contribution to human wellbeing

- Institutions and organisations designed to achieve social stability, cohesion and social control

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3
Q

What is Social Policy?

A

A range of interventions intended to address social need.

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4
Q

What is the aim of Social Policy? (Social policy is concerned with…)

A

The distribution of wellbeing by providing citizens access to:

  • Education
  • Housing
  • Healthcare
  • Income
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5
Q

What are the three spheres of intervention?

A
  1. Policy formation - through the influence of lobbyists and interest groups
  2. Administrative level - where the policy is interpreted
  3. Operative level - policy can now be applied to service users
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6
Q

How is social policy, social justice and human services connected?

A

Think of social policy as the tool to used to achieve social justice and delivered by human services.

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7
Q

An example of an inherent tension is…

A 
Structural disadvantage - Individual deficit 
Social care - Social control
Universal - Selective
Equality - Equity
Deserving - Undeserving
Charity - Entitlement 
Paternalism - Empowerment
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8
Q

It is necessary to have a critical approach when considering social policy. Why?

A

Social issues can only be understood in the context of society’s power structure and social institutions.

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9
Q

A critical practice model includes…?

A
  • Critical thinking (different types of knowledge)
  • Critical reflection (thinking about what you are thinking)
  • Critical action (skills, working with difference, engaging and access to resources)
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10
Q

What is a welfare state?

A

The responsibility of the state to meet certain rights and obligations of its citizens.

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11
Q

During the 1900s, it was hoped the welfare state would address the 5 evil giants. What were they?

A
  1. Want (through income support)
  2. Ignorance (through education and schooling)
  3. Squalor (through appropriate housing)
  4. Disease (through providing health care)
  5. Idleness (through employment)
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12
Q

During the 1970s, capitalism resulted in what?

A

A post-welfare state

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13
Q

What is the post-welfare state?

A
  • Reduced government input
  • Privatisation of human services
  • Shift in responsibility away from government
  • Managerialism
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14
Q

Define “discourse”.

A
  • Set of ideas, concepts and values connected with certain terms
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15
Q

Inherent tensions can be described as…

A

Tension between two or more principles or concepts competing for power.

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16
Q

What are the three levels of government?

A
  1. Federal or Commonwealth Government
  2. State and Territory Governments
  3. Local Governments (Councils)
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17
Q

Federal Government is largely funded through taxes and responsible for…

A

Immigration, communication, taxation, defence, foreign affairs, Centrelink, Medicare, employment services.

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18
Q

True or False - the Federal Government serves as a watchdog over the states and territories through the Council of Australian Governments (COAG)

A

True

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19
Q

Who is in the Federal Government?

A
  • Governor General - Queen’s representative
  • Prime Minister - Head of Government
  • Members of Parliament (MP or Senator) - Your representative
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20
Q

State and Territory Governments are responsible for…

A

Education, housing, health, child protection, criminal justice and community services.

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21
Q

Who makes up the State Government?

A
  • The Governer - Queens representative (not the same as the Governer General)
  • The Premier - Head of State Government (Chief Minister in the territories)
  • Member of State Parliament - your representative
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22
Q

Who makes up the Local Government?

A

Lord Mayor - Heads of Government

- Councillor - your representative

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23
Q

Besides the governemnt, what are three other important sectors that play a role in human services?

A
  • The non-Government sector that include a range of agencies and community organisations (e.g. Salvos, Neighbourhood Centres, Disability support services)
  • For-profit organisations (include some prisons and employment services)
  • The private spheres (unpaid carers and volunteers)
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24
Q

A proposal for a new law, or changes to an old one, is called a…?

A

Bill

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25
Q

Who proposes a new bill and where is it proposed?

A

Most bills are introduced into the Parliament by government ministers and usually begin here in the House of Representatives.

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26
Q

What happens once a bill is introduced?

A

Once a bill is introduced, members can debate the bill and then vote on it. If the bill is agreed to in the house of representaives it is sent to the Senate where a similar process is followed.

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27
Q

What is the final stage of the law-making process?

A

Approval by the Governor-General, on behalf of the Queen.

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28
Q

Explain the role that the media has in socially constructing knowledge?

A

Knowledge is socially constructed - it goes through a daily process of construction according to cultural beliefs and daily events. Knowledge is formed from multiple sources.

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29
Q

What is the role of the media in the construction of knowledge?

A

In most cultrues, the media presents the views of the dominant discourse. For example the media will:

  • Prioritise regional knowledge over rural (inferring what happens in the city is more important that what happens in the country.
  • prioritise issues for middle aged Australians rather than younger or older citizens.
  • value white Australian knowledge over Indigenous Australian knowledge.
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30
Q

Explain how the system of media ownership in Australia might contribute to bias.

A

In 2011, Rupert Murdoch (Newscorp) owned 65% of all daily newspaper titles in Australia and Fairfax was responsible for 25% of media sales. These two companies have enormous power in determining what goes into the news. Rupert Murdoch holds conservative (right-wing) political views and as a result his newspapers have been criticised for publishing a biased account of the news, thus having the power to influence the outcomes of elections.

31
Q

Name five important milestones in recent Indigenous history.

A
  • The 1967 referendum
  • Mabo decision (Native Title Act 1993)
  • The Wik decision (1996)
  • The 2008 Apology
  • Talks of Constitutional Recognition (ongoing discussion, not in place)
32
Q

Describe the 1967 referendum.

A

The referendum asked Australians if two references in our constitution should be taken out (which discriminated against Indigenous Australians). 90.77% voted ‘yes’, the highest ever recorded in a Federal referendum.

33
Q

The Native Title Act (1993) does five things. What are they?

A
  • Recognises and protects native title.
  • Provides validation for any past grants of land.
  • Provides a regime to enable future dealings in native title lands and imposes conditions on those dealings.
  • Creates a land acquisition fund to meet the needs of dispossessed ATSI peoples who would not be able to make claim native title.
34
Q

What was the Wik Decision (1996)?

A

The High Court ruled that the granting of Pastoral Leases did not extinguish Native Title and therefore could co-exist with the rights of the leaseholder.

35
Q

The 2008 Apology…

A
  • Apology to the stolen generations delivered by Kevin Rudd in 2008.
36
Q

What is the Australian Constitution?

A
  • A document that provides a framework (or rules) on how Australia should be run.
  • Content in it can be changed through a referendum.
37
Q

What are the two main things relating to Indigenous Australians the Constitution leave out?

A
  1. The Constitution does not contain references to First Peoples of Australia because they were not given opportunity to participate in debate when the constitution was written.
  2. The constitution disregards the fact that ATSI persons were living in Australia prior to European invasion.
38
Q

What are some political discussions that have occurred relating to Constitutional Recognition of Australia’s First Peoples?

A
  • On Sept 16th, 2014, a bi-partisan committee of federal MPs announced that a referendum on Indigenous recognition in the Constitution should be held.
  • On 7th December 2015, a Referendum Council was appointed to consult widely and move towards achieving constitutional recognition.
39
Q

Describe the Close the Gap Policy.

A

In December 2007, Kevin Rudd launched the Close the Gap campaign aiming to achieve equality in health status and mortality between ATSI Persons and non-Indigenous Australians. A timeline to reach targets was established.

40
Q

Which of the seven Close the Gap targets are on track to being met by 2019?

A

Only two: 1) early childhood education, 2) Year 12 attainment.

41
Q

How and when are employment figures calculated?

A
  • The ABS uses the International Labour Organisation’s (ILO) standards for definitions and key indicators which have been measured the same way since 1966.
  • Employment data is published every three months by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS).
42
Q

What are the two sources used for employment data collection?

A
  1. Census of Population and Housing (provides a five yearly, self-reported snapshot of the Australian population including socio-economic data)
  2. Labour Force Survey (conducted monthly by the ABS through over-the-phone or face-to-face interviews. Now online also)
43
Q

What is the Labour Force?

A

The measure of the total number of people in Australia who are willing and able to work, including everyine who is working or actively looking for work - that is the number of employed and unemployed as one group.

44
Q

What is the Participation Rate?

A

Percentage of the total population who are in the labour force (employed) and does not include people under 15, retirees or those deemed unable to work.

45
Q

What is the definition of employed?

A

Those who worked at a job for at least one hour in the previous week. Even if you worked just one hour for the minimum rate you would not be included in the officia unemployment rate.

46
Q

Define underemployed.

A

Persons who are currently employed, but are willing and able to work more hours. The underemployment rate highlights the proportion of the labour force who work part-time but would prefer to work full-time.

47
Q

What is the current (November 2018) unemployment rate as expressed as a percentage of the labour force?

A

5.1%

48
Q

The High Court is…

A
  • The highest court in Australia
  • Interprets and applies the laws of Australia and decides specific cases where vallidity of Constitutional laws are challenged.
49
Q

State and Territory Courts include Supreme, District and Magistrate Courts. Define each.

A

Each deals with issues depending on their seriousness. - Supreme and District Courts have a Judge presiding over proceedings and usually have a jury making decisions.
- Magistrates Courts usually deal with less serious offenses such as driving offences and petty theft and have a Magistrate (like a judge) ruling alone.

50
Q

What is the purpose of laws?

A
  • Determine boundaries of what is acceptable behaviour
  • They set up penalties for those who break the rules
  • Laws help establish order in society
51
Q

Is law enforcement primarily under the control of state/territory police or Federal police?

A

State and Territory police.

52
Q

What is Legal Aid?

A

A free legal service available for those who cannot afford legal representation.

53
Q

What is the Prisoner’s Legal Service?

A

Provide free legal advice to prisoners and their families (state and territory responsibility)

54
Q

What are the key laws in the Child Protection sector?

A

State and Territory Child Protection Act and Family Law Act.

55
Q

What is mandatory reporting?

A

Mandatory reporting is the legislative requirement for selected classes of people to report suspected child abuse and neglect to government authorities.

56
Q

Under the Child Protection Act 1999 (Queensland) mandatory reporters are…?

A
  • Teachers
  • Doctors
  • Registered Nurses
  • Police Officers with child protection responsibilites
  • A person performing a child advocate function under the Public Guardian Act 2014
  • Early childhood educators and care professionals.
57
Q

Most of the time, most people will have a requirement to repost suspicion of any type of abuse, even if there is no mandate. True of False?

A

True

58
Q

List the eight domains of practice:

A
  1. Work with individuals
  2. Group work
  3. Social Policy
  4. Organisational practice, management and leadership
  5. Work with families and partnerships
  6. Community work
  7. Research and evaluation
  8. Education and training
59
Q

Inherent tension - What is the difference between structural disadvantage versus individual deficit?

A

Structural Disadvantage = Institutional values, attitudes, practices and structures that create disadvantage versus Individual deficit = the belief that hardship and disadvantage is a result of character flaws and individual

60
Q

Inherent tension - Universal versus Selective?

A

Universal = Policies and practices that provide social assistance to everyone
versus
Selective = policies and practices that provide services to a select group deemed to be in greatest need

61
Q

Inherent tension - Equality versus Equity?

A

Equality = all people are treated the same regardless of disadvantage or advantage
versus
Equity = treating each person differently according to their level of disadvantage or advantage, with the aim of achieving equality as an outcome.

62
Q

Inherent tension - Social Justice versus Charity?

A

Social Justice = Human rights, access to services and entitlements are linked to citizenship
versus
Charity = those with hope and have the ability to help give to those who are hopeless and helpless.

63
Q

Inherent tension - Deserving versus Undeserving

A

Deserving = Those people who fit into the values and norms of the dominant mainstream who are deserving of services
versus
Undeserving = Those who do not fit into the values and norms of mainstream thus are not deserving of assistance

64
Q

Explain why social workers and human services workers need an understanding of the law.

A
  • Boundaries of practice

- Different ways the law can affect clients and organisations.

65
Q

The Northern Territory Emergency Response was a policy reaction to what?

A

The “Little children are sacred” report published in 2007.

66
Q

What areas did the key recommendations refer to in the “Little children are sacred” report?

A
  1. The role of governments, government departments and non-government services.
  2. Training and support of Indigenous Child Support Workers
  3. Culturally competence for all workers
  4. Support for families
67
Q

What happened after the “Little children are sacred report”?

A
  • The Howard government implemented a suite of policies that were rushed through the parliamantary process in one week.
  • The policies leaned towards a paternalistic approach rather than an empowerment approach and took drastic measures to control communities.
68
Q

What were some of the interventions implemented within Northern Territory communities as part of the NTER?

a) 5 Year acquired leases on townships including houses.
b) Removal of permit system governing access to Aboriginal land.
c) Total bans on alcohol and pornography.
d) Compulsory child health checks
e) Release of confidential medical records across departments
f) Income management through quarantining family’s income support.
g) Monitoring of parental obigations such as school attendance in return for welfare payments.
h) all of the above.

A

h) all of the above

69
Q

What would be an inherent tension relating to the NTER interventions?

A

i) Structural disadvantage vs individual deficit

ii) Paternalism vs empowerment / inclusion

70
Q

There is a need to think critically about how the government collects and reports on employment data. What is another source of non-government data?

A

The Roy Morgan Survey. The Roy Morgan Institute is an independent research company founded in 1941.

71
Q

How would you explain unemployment through the inherent tension of structural disadvantage vs individual deficit?

A

Structural disadvantage - unemployment is linked to a changing labour market and capitalist economy.
Individual deficit - Unemployment is caused by individual failings. It is the responsibility of the individual to adapt to, and be prepared for a changing labour market.

72
Q

The unemployment rate published by Roy Morgan are lower than the figure published by the ABS. True or false?

A

False. Roy Morgan report the unemployment rate as being 9.5% (November 2018) and the ABS report at 5.1% (Nov 18)

73
Q

What is the most common factor contributing to women and children becoming homeless?

A

Domestic and family violence

74
Q

What is an informal mechanism of social control?

A

Peer control, socialisation, religion and publis approval.

Human Services Structures (1 decks)

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