1002 midsem Flashcards
Reliability
the extent to which a measuring instrument is dependable, stable and consistent under repeated, identical conditions
test- retest reliability
extent to which a stable evaluation of the attribute can be obtained on 2 different occasions when no change is expected
inter- rater validity
degree of agreement between different raters who measure the same phenomenon.
intra- rater reliability
consistency of measurements made by the same person across multiple instances
reliability estimates are based on…
consistency, agreement, Interclass correlation coefficients
validity
degree to which a scale measures what it is intended to measure
content validity
examines whether a test covers the entire range of the concept that it is intended to measure
construct validity
how well a tool/ test measures the concept or construct it is intended to measure
concurrent validity
extent to which a test correlates with an established measure of the same construct that is administered at the same time
criterion validity
how well one measure predicts an outcome based on another, established measure (the criterion).
-Criterion validity can be broken down further into concurrent validity (when the measures are taken at the same time) and predictive validity (when the criterion measure is taken later)
face validity
indicates that the tool appears to measure what it is supposed to and seems plausible
surveys
descriptive research method where respondents are asked a series of questions in a standardised manner so that responses can be easily quantified and analyses statistically
- questionnaire
- interview
visual analog scales (interval/ ratio)
provide opportunity for respondents to rate items on a continuous line between two end points
what are the 7 types of bias
- sampling
- observational
- selection
- misclassification
- interviewing
- recall
- reporting
simple random sampling
- no one member has any more chance of being selected
- drawn from an accessible population
systematic sampling
- ordered list
- determine the sampling interval
- select every 10th person
- starting point is determined at random
cluster sampling
- multistage
- successive random sampling of a series of units in the population
- when difficult to obtain a complete listing of the population
snowball sampling
sensitive topics, rare traits
, hard-to-reach populations, personal networks, and social relationships
quota sampling
- similar structure to a proportional stratified sample
- instead of random sampling, recruit until you have achieved the desired proportions
purposive sampling
- subjects handpicked based on specific criteria
- mainly used in qualitative studies
