100 years war Flashcards
Salic Law
ancient civil law code compiled in 500
C. E. by Clovish, the first Frankish King.
Franks were
German who conquered Gaul (france)
France in the 1300s
Edward III beefed with Phillip VI (king of france) because Edward was the nephew of Phillip’s predecessor (Charles IV via moms side). Salic law said no, you dont have a claim to throne
When did Richard II rule?
1377-1399
Richard II background info
Son of Black Prince
Created counsel to prevent John of Gaunt from taking charge (didnt work)
Thomas woodstock (Son of Edward III) influencial court figure
During Richard II rule, why did he backlash
He couldnt raise enough taxes so the war against France was paused, also Percy and Douglas families were getting hostile (Anglo Scottish truce in danger)
Who did Henry of Bolingbroke and Thomas Mowbray team up against/why?
Richard had a favored inner court and people were critical of his spending. But instead of criticizing him (treason) they would criticize inner court members like Michael de la Pole the Earl of Suffolk (Richard II favorite) who was also extravagant in spending
Why did Henry of Bolingbroke and Thomas
Mowbray beef?
Thomas is suspected killer of Woodstock (Richard II Uncle) and was originally pardoned but he was worried death was going to be pinned on him.
Henry stabs Thomas in the back by accusing him of treason/death of Woodstock
Charles VI of France
“Mad King” bc he probably had schizophrenia
became king at 11, no more counsel at 20
instability created power vacuum between younger brother (Duke Orleans) and cousin (Duke of Burgundy)
Henry V took advantage of this when invading
What was the result of Henry of Bolingbroke and Thomas Mowbray’s beef
Richard banishes
Bolingbroke for 10 years (Paris)
Mowbray for Life (dies soon)
Mega big shock
What was Richard II’s bad move
He decided to revoke Bolingbroke’s right to get his dad’s (John of Gaunt) wealth because he was recently banished. Richard II snagged it for the crown.
This creates tension with other lords who were scared the crown would snatch their $
Major Lords who were against Richard II snatching Bolingbroke’s $
Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland (Depended on him for defense against Scotland)
Duke d’Orleans allows Bolingbroke to do what?
Conspire against Richard II even though France overall is opposed to any ideas of removing a weak king (bc theirs was weak, Charles VI was mad)
Where does the Bolingbroke & Northumberland vs Richard II fight happen?
Chester castle
Northumberland lures Richard over
What are changes to the Bolingbroke & Northumberland vs Richard II fight Shakespeare change?
1) Omits Northumberland’s deceit of Richard II
2) When finding a reason to get Bolingbroke into power, Shakespeare inserts a public deposition scene that has no historical basis.
Northumberland tries to make Richard read a list of his misdeeds. This scene was not published in the earliest versions of the play.
When and where does Richard II die?
Pontefract Castle in Yorkshire, Dies feb of 1400
Who were Henry IV besties when he just reached the crown?
Northumberland - made him a constable
Worcester - first to call Henry IV king, Henry gave them $$ and land
What happened to Henry IV in 1403?
Percy family rose up against him, reasons unknown
What was a suspected reason why the Percy family started a beef?
Henry IV was supposed to pay them back for defending against the Scots
Henry also has no money and he cant tax since he came into power by arguing Richard II was bad at $, this would weaken his already weak hold on power
Henry IV ops?
Hotspur (Northumberland’s son in Percy family)
- Henry refused to pay Mortimor’s random (Brother in law captured by welsh)
- After a battle against welsh Henry demanded POW, Hotspur refused
Owen Glendower - Welsh rebel
- Captured Mortimor, married him off to his daughter
Battle of Shrewsbury
Battle of Hotspur v Richard
Hotspur side = Hotspur,
Worcester (uncle), the Earl of Douglas, and Richard Vernon.
Worcester, Douglas, and Vernon all captured
Hotspur dead (dunno by whom)
Glendower, Mortimer, and Northumberland not there, still a threat
Henry V background
kinda boring, no major uprising
Grew up serving Richard II, fighting Glendower of Wales
Henry V PR run
Bro tried to give himself a new name.
-visiting shrines
-made troops act proper while abroad
-found new religious houses
-reburied Richard II corpse
-released Mortimer from captivity (even thoug technically mortimer has claim to throne)
-reached out to percy’s, restore them to earldom to youngest son
-Raised Thomas’s (brother) two sons as ducal rank
What was plot against Henry V?
Richard earl of Cambridge, Thomas Grey of Northumberland, and
king’s treasurer conspired to replace Henry V with Earl of March.
Earl of March told Henry V, all three were killed
Battle of Agincourt
Oct 25, 1415
