100 most common drugs in GP Flashcards
what is Acetylcysteine used for
Paracetamol overdose
what is activated charcoal used for
In poisoning to reduce GI absorption
what is adenosine used for
to reverse supraventricular tachycardias
(+accessory pathways - Wolff-Parkinson white)
How is adenosine given
Rapid IV injection
how is acetylcystein given
IV infusion
how is activated charcoal given
By mouth
what is adrenaline (epinephrine) used for
anaphylaxis
Cardiac arrest
what dose of adrenaline is used for CPR
1 in 10,000
what dose of adrenaline is used for anaphylaxis
1 in 1000
How can adrenaline be administered
IV infusin or IM injection
what does adrenaline act on
both alpha and beta receptors to increase heart rate and contractility
Give an example of an aldosterone antagonist
Spironolactone
indications for spironolactone
Ascites
heart failure
Hyperaldosteronism
Give an example of alginates/antacids
gaviscon
peptac
What are alginates/antacids used for
Dyspepsia
GORD
what is allopurinol used for
Gout
tumour lysis syndrome
When must allopurinol not be used
During acute flare of gout
give examples of an alpha blocker
doxazocin
Tamulosin
indications for an alpha blockers
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (eases muscles to aid urination)
Hypertension
give an example of an aminoglycosides
gentamicin
what is gentamicin indicated for
Gram-positive bacteria endocarditis
septicaemia
give an example of an aminosalicylate
mesalazine and slufasalazine
Indications for mesalazine or sulfasalazine
Ulcerative colitis
Rheumatoid arthirits (rarer)
what is amiodarone indicated for
arrhythmias - AF, A.flutter, VF, WPW syndrome
Pulseless CPR
Give an example of an ACE-i
Ramipril
Lisinopril
when is an ACE-i indicated
Hypertension
Heart failure
ACS
IHD
CKD
Give an example of an ARB
candersartan
Losartan
indications for an ARB
hypertension
CKD
diabetic nephropathy
IHD
Heart failure
Give an example of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
sertraline
Citalopram
fluoxetine
Indications for an SSRI
OCD
Anxiety
Depression
give an example of a tricyclic antidepressant
amitriptyline
what is a tricyclic antidepressant indicated for
depression
neuropathic pain
what is an example of a seretonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor
Venlafaxine
Mirtazapine
When is an SNRI indicated
anxiety - GAD
depression
give an example of a dopamine D2-receptor antagonist
metoclopramide
Domperidone
when is dopamine D2 receptor antagonist indicated
nausea and vomiting
give an example of a Histamine H1-receptor antagonist
cyclizine
cinnarizine
promethazine
when is a histamine H1-receptor antagonist indicated
Nausea and vomiting
give an example of a phenothiazines
prochlorperazine
chlorpromazine
what is a phenothiazine indicated for
N&V
agitation
what is an example of a serotonin 5-HT3-receptor antagonist
ondansetron
Granisetron
what is a Serotonin 5-HT3-receptor antagonist indicated for
N&V
Chemotherapy
Panic disorders
give an example of an antifungal drug
miconazole
fluconazole
nyastin
clotrimazole
what is an antifungal drug indicated for
a fungal infection
give an example of an antihistamine-H1-receptor antagonist
Chlorphenamine
cetirizine
loratidine
fexofenadine
when is an antihistamine indicated
allergies
hayfever (seasonal rhinitis)
pruritus
utricaria
Give an example of an antimotility drug
loperamide
codeine phosphate
what is an antimotility drug indiciated for
diarrhoea
give an example of an antimuscarinics - bronchodilators
Ipratropium bromide
tiotropium
when is a bronchodilator indicated
asthma COPD
give an example of an antimuscarinic - Cardio and GI use
atropine
Hyoscine butylbromide
Glycopyrronium
what is an antimuscarinic for Cardio/GI use indicated for
bradycardia
IBS
Resp secretions
give an example of an antimuscarinic - For GUM use
oxybutinin
tolterodine
solifenacin
when is an antimuscarinic for GUM use indicated
Urinary incontinence
Give an example of a typical first generation anti-psychotic
haloperidol
chlorpromazine
prochlorperazine
when is a first gen antipsychotic indicated
agitation
psychomotor bipolar disorder
N&V
Schizophrenia
give an example of a second gen anti-psychotics (atypical)
quetiapine
olanzapine
risperidone
clozapine
give an indication for an atypical antipyschotic
agitation
Psychomotor bipolar disorder
schizophrenia
when is aspirin indicated
ACS
AF/flutter
fever
IHD
pain
PAD
stroke
what is the loading dose and maintenance dose for aspirin
300mg loading
75mg maintenance
give examples of benzodiazepines
diazepam
midazolam
temazepam
lrazepam
chlordiazepoxide
when is a benzodiazepine indicated
alcohol withdrawal
anxiety
status epilepticus
insomina
sedation
give an example of a beta2-agonist
salbutamol
sameterol
terbutaline
when is a beta2-agonist indicated
asthmas
COPD
hyperkalaemia
give examples of beta-blockers
bisoprolol
atenolol
propranolol
metoprolol
when are beta-blockers indicated
ACS
angina
AF/flutter
HF
HTN
IHD
SVT
give examples of bisphosphonates
alendronic acid (alendronate)
risderonate
zoledronic acid
when are bisphosphonates indicated
bone mets
Hypercalacaemia of malignancy
osteoporosis
pagets disease
give examples of calcium and Vitamin D
Adcal-D3
Colecalciferol
Calcium carbonate
Calcium gluconate
when is calcium and Vit D indicated
CKD
hyperkalaemia
hypocalacemia
osteoporosis
Vit D deficient
give examples of calcium channel blcokers
amlodipine
verapamil
nifedipine
diltiazem
when are CCB indicated
angina
AF/flutter
HTN
SVT
when is carbamazepine indicated
bipolar disorder
epilepsy
trigeminal neuralgia
give an example of an anticonvulasant
carbamazepine
give an example of a cephalosporins and carbapenems
cefalexin
cefotaxime
meropenem
when are cephalosporins and carbapenems indicated
complex infections
meningitis
pneumonia
spesis
UTI
Give an example of an antiplatelet drug
clopidogrel
when is clopidogrel indicated
ACS
AF/flutter
IHD
PAD
stroke
give an example of a compound inhaler (B2-agonist + corticosteroid)
seretide
symbicort
when is a compound inhaler indicated
asthma
COPD
inflammation
give examples of inhaled corticosteroids
beclomethasone
fluticasone
budesonide
when are inhaled corticosteroids indicated
Asthma
COPD
inflammation
give an example of a systemic corticosteroids
prednisolone
hydrocortisone
dexamethasone
Give indications for systemic corticosteroids
addisons disease
Adrenal insufficiency
allergy
anaphylaxis
AF/flutter
Chemo
Inflamamtion
give examples of topical corticosteroids
hydrocortison
beclometasone
Give an indication for topical corticosteroids
eczema
give an example of a cardiac glycoside
digoxin
what is digoxin indicated for
AF/flutter
HF
what is dipyridamole indicated for
Myocardial perfusion
scan
stroke
give examples of loop diuretics
furosemide
bumetanide
when is a loop diuretic indicated
ascites
HF
breathlessness
oedema (+pulmonary)
give an example of a potassium sparing diuretic
spironolactone
amiloride
when is a potassium sparing diuretic indicated
hypokalaemia
give examples of thiazide like diuretics
bendroflumethiazide
indapamide
when are thiazde like diuretics indicated
HTN
give an example of a dopaminergic drugs for Parkinson’s disease
levodopa (co-beneldopa/careldopa)
ropinirole
indications for dopaminergic drugs
Parkinson’s disease
Secondary parkinsonism
give an example of an emollient
E45
zerobase
Liquid paraffin
when are emollient indicated
dry skin
Eczema
Psoriasis
give an example of fibrinolytic drugs
alteplase
reteplase
when are fibrinolytic drugs indicated
ACS
IHD
PE
stroke
VTE
Give 2 types of anticonvulsants
pregabalin
gabapentin
when are gabapentin and pregabalin indicated
Anxiety - GAD
epilepsy
Focal migraine
neuropathic pain
give an example of a H2-receptor antagonists
ranitidine
when is a H2-receptor antagonist indicated
Dyspepsia
GORD
PUD
give an example of a heparins
enoxaparin
dalteparin
fondaparinux
unfractioned heparin
when is heparin indicated
ACS
DVT
PE
VTE prophylaxis and treatment
when is insulin indicated
DM
DKA
hyperglycaemia
Hyperosmolar syndrome
Hyperkalaemia
give an example of Iron
Ferrous sulfate
Ferrous fumarate
when is iron indicated
anaemia
give an example of a bulk forming laxative
isphagula husk
methylcellulose
when is a bulk forming laxative indicated
constipation
diarrhoea
faecal impaction
give an example of an osmotic laxative
lactulose
macrogol
phosphate enema
when is an osmotic laxative indicated
bowel preparation
constipation
faecal impaction
hepatic encephalopathy
give an example of a stimulant laxative
senna
bisacodyl
glycerol suppositries
docusate sodium
when are stimulant laxative indicated
constipation
faecal impaction
give examples of macrolides
clarithromycin
erythromycin
azithromycin
what is lidocaine indicated for
local anaesthesia
when are macrolides indicated
H.pylori irradication
pneumonia
skin and sodt tissue infections
give an example of a biguanide
metformin
when is a biguanide indicated
DM
then is methotrexate indicated
chemotherapy
psoriasis
RA
when is naloxone indicated
opioid toxicity
poisoning
when is nicroandil indicated
angina
what are some nictoine replacement and related drugs
bupropion - zyban
vareniciline - champix
when is nitrofurantoin indiacted
UTI
give examples of NSAIDs
ibuprofen
naproxen
diclofenac
when are NSAIDs indicated
Gout
inflammation
pain
Give examples of ocular lubricants
carbomer
hypromellose
when are ocular lubricants indicated
dry eyes
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca
Sjogren’s syndrome
give examples of Oestrogens and progesterones
Combined pill
desogestrel
Oestrogen only and combines HRT
when are oestrogens and progesterones indicated
hormonal contraceptions
HRT
what are some examples of compound preparation opioids
CO-codamol
Co-dydramol
when are compound preparation opioids indicated
for pain
what are some strong opioids
morphine
oxycodone
fentanyl
when are strong opioids indicated
ACS
breathlessness
Pain
Pulm oedema
examples of weak opioids
codeine
dihydrocodeine
tramadol
when are weak opioids indicated
pain
when is oxygen indicated
CO poisioning
Hypoxameia
Pneumothorax
poisoning
then is paracetamol indicated
fever
pain
give examples of penicillins
benzylpenicillin
phenoxymethylpenicillin
when are penicillins indicated
endocarditis
meningitis
pneumonia
sepsis
tonsilitis
tetanus
give examples of penicillins, anti-pseudomonal
Piperacillin and tazobactam
when are penicillins, anti-pseudomonal indicated
comple infections
pneumonia
spesis (+intra abdo)
UTI
skin and soft tissue infection
give an example of penicillins, penicillinase resistant
flucoloxacillin
when is flucloxacillin indiciated
endocarditis
osteomyeltiis
septic arthritis
skin and soft tissue infections
give examples of broad spectrum penicillins
amoxicillin
Co-amoxicilline
when are broad-spectrum penicillins indicated
H.pylori eradication
pneumonia/chest infection
intra-abdo infection
UTI
when is phenytoin indicated
epilepsy
focal epilepsy
Gen status epilepticus
give examples of phosphodiesterases (type 5) inhibitors
sildenafil
tadalafil
when are phosphodiesterase inhibitors indicated
erectile dysfunction
pulmonary hypertension
give examples of oral potassium
potassium chloride
potassium bicarbonate
when is oral potassium indicated
electrolyte therapy
hypokalaemia
when is IV potassium indicated
electrolyte therapy
hypokalaemia
give an example of IV potassium
Potassium chloride as IV infusion
give an example of a prostaglanding analogue eye drops
latanoprost
bimatoprost
when are prostaglandin eye drops indicated
open angle glaucome
ocular hypertension
give an example of a proton pump inhibitor
omeprazole
lansoprazole
when is a PPI indicated
dyspepsia
GORD
H.pylori eradication
Give an example of a quinine
quinine sulfate
when are quinines indicated
leg cramps
malaria
give examples of quinolones
ciprofloxacin
levofloxacin
when is a quinolone indicated
pneumonia
UTI
give examples of statins
atorvastatin
simvastatin
prevastatin
when are statins indicated
ACS
Hyperlipidaemia
IHD
give an example of a sulfonylurea
gliclazide
when is a sulfonylurea indicated
DM
give an example of a tetracyclines
oxtetracycline
Doxycycline
Lymecycline
when are tetracyclines indicated
acne
lyme disease
pneumonia
give an example of a thiazolidinediones
pioglitazone
when are thiazolidinediones indicated
DM
give an example of a thyroid hormone
levothyroxine
when is a thyroid hormone indicated
hypothyroidism
hypopituitarism
when are trimethoprims indicated
pneumocystis
pneumonia
UTI
give an examples of valproates
sodium valproate
valproic acid
when are valproates indicated
Bipolar disorder
Epilepsy
absence seizure
Focal epilepsy generalised
give examples of warfarin/DOACs
warfarin
rivaroxiban
apixiban
endoxaban
when is warfarin/DOAC indicated
AF/flutter
DVT
heart valve replacement
PE
VTE
give examples of Z-drugs
zopiclone
zolpidem
when are Z-drugs indicated
Insomnia
give an example of a 5a-reductase inhibitors
finasteride
what is finasteride indicated for
BPH
what class of drug is spironolactone
aldosterone antagonist
what class of drug is doxazosin
alpha-blocker
what class of drug is gentamicin
aminoglycosides
what class of drug is mesalazine
aminosalycilates
what class of drug is ramipril
ACE-i
what class of drug is candersartan
ARB
what class of drug is citalopram
SSRI
what class of drug is amitriptyline
tricyclic antidepressant
what class of drug is metoclopramidea
dopamine D2 receptor antagonist
what class of drug is cyclizine
histamine H1 receptor antagonist
what class of drug is ondansetron
serotonin 5-HT3- receptor antagonists
what class of drug is cetirizine
H1-receptor antagonist
what class of drug is loperamide
antimotility drugs
what class of drug is ipratropium bromide
bronchodilators - antimuscarinic
what class of drug is haloperidol
typical anti-psychotic
what class of drug is risperidone, clozapine
atypical anti-psychotic
what class of drug is diazepam
benxodiazepines
what class of drug is salbutamol
beta2-agonists
what class of drug is bisoprolol
beta-blockerss
what class of drug is alendronic acid
bisphosphonates
what class of drug is amlodipine
CCB
what class of drug is prednisolone
systemic corticosteroid
what class of drug is furosemide
loop diuretic
what class of drug is alteplase
fibrinolytic drugs
what class of drug is ranitidine
H2-receptor antagonist
what class of drug is lactulose
osmotic laxative
what class of drug is senna
stimulant laxative
what class of drug is glyceryl trinitrate
nitrates
what class of drug is morphine
strong opioid
what class of drug is codeine
weak opioid
what class of drug is sildenafil
phosphodiesterase (5) inhibitors
what class of drug is omerprazole
PPI
what class of drug is atorvastatin
statins
what class of drug is gliclazide
sulphonylureas
what class of drug is rivaroxaban/apixaban
DOACs
what class of drug is finasteride
5a-reductase inhibitors