Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Living Environment Boot Camp > 100 important topics > Flashcards

100 important topics Flashcards

1
Q

Homeostasis

A

The ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Metabolism

A

The sum of all the chemical reactions that occur within the cells of an organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name the 4 main organic compounds and what their simple building block is

A

Carbohydrates- Glucose (simple sugars)
Proteins- Amino Acids
Lipids- Fatty Acids and Glycerin
Nucleic Acids- Nucleotide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Organization of living things

A

[smallest] cells, tissue. organs, organ systems, organism [biggest]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Organelles

A

the smallest parts that make up a cell (each has at least on spicific function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Vacuoles, Ribosomes, mitochondrion, and Chloroplasts

A

V- Stores wastes and water
R- Where protiens are made
M- Power house of the cell, Cellular resperation occurs
C- Photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Cell Membrane

A

N-Control center of the cell, holds dna
C- liquid that fills the cell
CM- Separates the contents of the cell from the outside environment. It also contron the transport of materials into and out the cell (selective Permeability)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cellular Communication

A

Recognizes and responds to signals by using recepter molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Passive vs Active transport

A

passive- movement from high concentrations to low (does not require energy)
Active- from low to high (requires energy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Digestive system

A

breaks down food into nutrients and puts them into the blood stream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Circulatory system

A

carries gasses and nutrients throughout the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Respiratory system

A

exchanges carbon dioxide and oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Excretory system

A

removes wastes from the blood stream and body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Nervous system

A

fast control of the functions of the body systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

endocrine system

A

slow control of the functioning of all body systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

name the parts of and what organelles perform the same function as the Digestive system

A

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum- vacuole and lysosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

name the parts of and what organelles perform the same function as the Circulatory system

A

Heart, arteries, veins, capillaries- cytoplasm and er/Golgi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

name the parts of and what organelles perform the same function as the Respitatory system

A

lungs, alveoli, diaphram- cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

name the parts of and what organelles perform the same function as the Excretory system

A

kidneys, bladder, urethra- cell membrane or vacuole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

name the parts of and what organelles perform the same function as the Nervous system

A

brain, spinal cord, nerve cells- nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

name the parts of and what organelles perform the same function as the Endorine system

A

Pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads- Nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Respiration

A

the process used by all organisms to produce evergy by using oxygen to burn sugar in orger to release energy in the form of ATP. this is preformed in/by the mitocondrion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Digestion

A

breaking down large molcules down into smaller molcules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Transport

A

involves the movement of materials inside the cell as well as the movement between parts of a multicellur organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Excretion
the removal of all waste produced by cells of the body
26
Synthesis
the making or buliding of large molcules from smaller ones
27
photosynthesis
the process of storing the energy from the sun in the chemicals bonds of glucose (sugar). Perfomed in the chloroplasts
28
formula for photosynthesis
sun+ carbon dioxide+ water---Enzymes---} Glucose+ oxygen+water
29
cellular respiration
occures in the mitocondrion of all orginsims
30
cellular respiration formula
Glucose + Oxygen ----Enzymes----} Carbon dioxide + water + energy (atp)
31
Enzymes
special protiens that affect the rate of hemical reactions. Enzymes are catalysts used in digestion and synthesis.
32
enzyme reactions rates are affected by
shape, temp, and ph
33
Dynamic Equilibrium
the steady state and balance- homerstasis
34
Negative feedback
controls the levels to maintain homeostasis (like a thermostat)
35
primary defence against disease causing pathogens
skin and circulatory systems
36
surface receptor protiens
a molecule found on the cell membrane that the immune system recognizes as either part of body or an outside invader
37
Antibodys
special protiens by the white blood cells that can be thought of as your bodys army to fight diseases
38
immunity
your bodys ability to fight disease.
39
Vaccination
composed of a weakened or dead virus the triggers our white blood cells to produce antibodies to fight a spicific pathogen
40
diseases are caused by
pathogens
41
3 examples of pathogens
virus, bacterium and fungus
42
mittotc division
asexual reporduction. one cell --} two cells. Parent cell devides evenly to produce two identical daughter cells
43
function of mitosis
to pruduce identical cells used for growth and repair
44
meiotic division
sexual reporduction. two cell divions, one cell becomes 4
45
function of meiosis
to produce sex cells wih 1/2 of the species chromosome number
46
gonads
sex glands (overies and testis)
47
gamates
sex cells that unite in fertilization to form a zygote
48
zygote
a fertilized egg
49
fertilization
when a male and female gamate unite.
50
differentiation
the process tat transformes develpoing cells into specialized cells with different structures and functions
51
female reporductive system parts and functions
vagina- entery point Uterus- where the baby develpoes Overies- the female gonads the produce the egg and impoertant hormones. Placenta- organ that attaches mother to the baby
52
Where does fertilization occur
overies or fallopian tudes
53
testies
male gonads that produce sperm and male hormones such as testosterone
54
artifical instalment
using sperm from a doner
55
amniocentesis
removing some of the cells from the amniotic fluid which protects the fetus and analyzing their dna
56
Karyotype
a visual map of chromosomes
57
cancer
occures when genetic mutations in a cell can resualt in uncontrolled cell division.
58
Heredity
the passing of genetic information from one generation to the next through reporuction
59
Clones
identical genitic copies
60
DNA
is a double helix polymer of nucleotides that contains the genetic code of the individual
61
nucleotides
the basic unit of DNA which is made of Phosphate, a sugar and a base
62
DNA bases are
a t g c
63
a t g c pair with
a with t (all teachers) | g with c (Go crazy)
64
Rna
a single stranded polymer that is produced by dna
65
what are the main types of rna
mrna trna rrna
66
that are the bases in rna
AUGC
67
Mutationis
any of the dna sequence which canges the normal message carried by the gene
68
what are the types of mutations and what happens in them
Subsitution- one base is but into the place of another Deletion- a bsse is left out addition- a base is addes inversion- bases are switched
69
gene expression
an organisim's environment can affect the way some genes are expressed
70
genetic engineering
a technology that humans use o alter the genetic instructions in organisms
71
Gene splicing
cutting dna and placing in into another organism
72
restriction enzymes
an enzyme that cuts DNA in spicific places is an essential tool in gene splcing as well as gel electro phoresis
73
selective breeding
a process of picking parents with favorable traits to produce thoes traits in the offspring
74
species
a group of closely related orginisms that share ceratain characteristics and can priduce offspring capable or reporduction
75
evolution
the process by which orginims have changed over time from simple, single celled
76
natural selection
nature selectus thoes individuals who are best fit for the environment
77
overproduction
more offspring are produced than can survive
78
competition
the fight for limited recources
79
Variation
differences amon orginisms in a species
80
adaptive value
any trait that helps an orginism survive and reporduce under a given set of environmental conditions
81
extinction
the disappearance of an entire species caused by a failure to adapt to a changing envronment
82
ecology
the study of how organisms interact with the living and nonliing things
83
biotic
living factors in a ecosystem
84
abiotic
nonliving factors in a ecosystem
85
niche
a species role in its environment
86
population
all the organisms of a species that live in the same area
87
community
all the different populations in an area
88
biosphere
all of earths ecosystems
89
competition
the struggle for recorces among organisms
90
limmiting recorce
the living and nonliving things in the envronment that the size of populations
91
carrying capacity
the maximum population that an ecosystem can support
92
predators
kill and eat other organisms called prey
93
autotrophs
make their own food
94
heterotrophs
must eat something for food
95
herbivores
can only eat plants
96
carnivores
can only eat animals
97
omnivores
can eat plants and animals
98
consumers
same as heterotrphs
99
decomposers
break down animal and plants and return the nutrience to the soil. they are recycles in the ecosystem
100
scavengers
eat dead organisms that they did not kill themselfs
101
parasites
live off another orgsnism and does not usally kill them
102
producers
same as autotrophs
103
food chain
a diagram of the liner feeding relationship of organisms in an ecosystem
104
all food chains start with and all end with
start with producers end with decomposers
105
food web
a disgram composed of many interlocking food chains.
106
primary sorce of life energy on earth
sun
107
evergy pyramid
a diagram showin the energy avalibale at each trophic level.
108
self sustaining ecosystem requires
a constant sorce of energy, a process to capture the energy and store it in organic molecules, and a way to recycle elements back to the ecosystem
109
ecological succession
the orderly sequence of changing in the communities living in a given ecosystem over time.
110
name the 3 main material cycles
carbon/ oxygen. water. nitrogen.
111
biodiversity
a measurement of the degree to which a species vary withen an ecosystem. the more speciespresent in an ecosystem the higher biodiversity
112
4 ways man have affected biodivercity
cutting down treen, planting all of the same crop in one area, removed vegetation for houses ect, and killed orginisms and destroyed food web
113
renewable recorces
thoes that can replenish themselfs if not abused
114
nonrenewable recorce
thoes that can not replenish
115
pollution
a harmful change in the chemical makeup of the air, water, and soil
116
impact of technology and industrialization
increased pollution, toxic wastes, human overproduction...
117
acid rain
sulfer and nitrogen compunds in the air pollution in the moisture of the atmosphere to forn acids, causing rain to have a low ph.
118
global warming
an increase in the earth's temperature caused by an increasde in greenhouse gasses.
119
ozone depletion
hole in ozone layer caused by use of fluorocarbons
120
lindependant varible
the one that you change
121
dependant varible
the one that changes due to the IV
122
control group
group studied in norman conditions
123
experimental group
group with one change or difference
124
what axis is IV and DV
IV- x | DV- Y
125
how can you make an experiment more valid
repete the experiment, increase the number of specimens or trails, peer review
126
eyepiece
part you look through
127
objective lens
the magnifying part colsest to the slide
128
fine adjustment knob
used to focus on low and high power
129
course adjustment knob
used to adjust only on low power
130
stage
where slide is placed
131
stage clips
holds slides in place
132
diaphragm
controls the amount of light used
133
how to calculate total magnification
eyepiece times objectives
134
dichotomous keys
are tools to help in the classidication of organisms

Living Environment Boot Camp (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions