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Intercultural Contact and Cultural Communication > 100% Exams > Flashcards

100% Exams Flashcards

Score 100

1
Q

Professor Rita Guerra

A

Intercultural contact and the dynamics of acculturation

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2
Q

Topics

A
  1. Intergroup contact
  2. Acculturation theory and Mutuality in acculturation
  3. Intergroup factors and acculturation
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3
Q

Intergroup contact

Intro;
Predjudice through contact (Allport, 1954, p. 281)

A

“Prejudice (…) may be reduced by;

  1. equal status contact between majority and minority groups on the pursuit of common goals. 2. contact is sanctioned by institutional support( effect greatly enhanced
  2. it is of a sort that leads to the perception of common interests &
  3. common humanity between the members of the two groups”
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4
Q

Effects of Contact

A

Contact between different cultural groups has positive
effects, provided certain conditions
effects

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5
Q

(SIIE) 4 conditions for positive effect of contact

A

Equal status in the contact situation
Shared goals
Intergroup cooperation (interdependence )
Institutional / authorities support

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6
Q

Types of Contact

A

Quantity : frequency of interaction (how often we meet, talk, shop, socialize with)

Quality: nature of interaction (how positive, negative, friendly, …)

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7
Q

contact definition

A

contact theory how

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8
Q

contact theory meaning

A

+ “meaningful” contact – prejudice

stronger when conditions are met

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9
Q

contact theory how

A
  • Anxiety + knowledge - Threat + empathy, Changes group norms , Changes social categorization
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10
Q

contact theory how

A 
Perceived inclusive norms +
cross group friendships
Classroom norms promoting
tolerance & respect: children
\+ positive attitudes
( Thijs, et al., 2014)
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11
Q

contact theory how

A

Changes social categorization:
from Us vs Them to inclusive WE
(Gaertner, Dovidio, Guerra, Hehman, & Saguy, 2016)

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12
Q

Contact Theory: whom /Status asymmetry

A

contact works better for;
1. majorities/high status groups
than for minorities

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13
Q

Contact Theory: when/ Typicality

A

less effective when
outgroup members seen as very
atypical of their group
(Binder et al., 2009; for a review see Brown & Hewstone, 2005

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14
Q

Contact Theory: when/Positive–Negative Asymmetry: -

A

contact increases prejudice / avoidance more so
than positive reduces it.
+ encounters more frequent than -
encounters

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15
Q

Contact Theory: when/Positive–Negative Asymmetry: -

A 
Anger & anxiety: key factors explaining
negative contact effects 
- contact: mobilized LGBT students for
collective action vs + contact mobilized
heterosexual students
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16
Q

Forms of Contact

A 
“measures or interventions
based on the principles of
intergroup contact (Allport,
1954), but which do not involve a face-to-face intergroup interaction.”
Segregated settings, scarce
opportunities for contact
Intractable conflicts
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17
Q

Extended contact

A

knowing that ingroup members have outgroup friend: + attitudes and
willingness to engage in contact

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18
Q

Sub type: Vicarious contact “direct

A

observation of a positive interaction
between ingroup and outgroup
members, …. acquire new responses,
or modify the existing ones”

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19
Q

Imagined Contact

A

“the mental simulation of a social interaction with an outgroup member”: + positive interactions, +
comfortable, - anxiety; + self-efficacy ”.

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20
Q

Imagined Contact

A

Imagining contact with Gypsy people, or
Japanese people: - dehumanization, +
support for human rights, + positive
behavioral intentions

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21
Q

E-Contact

A

“computer mediated contact involving an engagement of self in the intergroup relationship”
(White and Abu-Rayya, 2012(p. 598).

Synchronous/real time text-based interaction mediated by online technology.

a bridge between distal,
indirect forms of intergroup contact and direct, FtF intergroup contact

22
Q

“Dual-Identity, Electronic-Contact” (DIEC):

A

Muslim & Christian students (religiously segregated schools), interacted text-only
chat forum, 8 weeks.
Worked together: how aspects of their religious beliefs/practices could help
create an environmentally sustainable Australia: - intergroup bias, - anxiety,
after 12 months
White et al.’s (2014)

23
Q

Indirect Contact – limitations ?

EC

A 
authority figure
shared group membership emphasized
little opportunity for direct contact
repeated sessions / variety of contexts
IC
positive interaction
not confirm negative stereotypes
group membership salient
elaborate / more vivid scrip
24
Q

chicago definitin

acculturation is to be distinguished from culture change, of which it is
but one aspect, and assimilation, which is at times a phase of acculturation

A

phenomena which result when groups of individuals having different cultures come into continuous first-hand contact, with
subsequent changes in the original culture patterns of either or both groups…

25
Q

Berry, 2005
“The dual process of cultural and psychological change that takes place as a result of contact between two or more cultural groups and their individual members.

A

At the group level, it
involves changes in social structures and institutions and in cultural practices.

At the individual level, it involves changes in a
person’s behavioral repertoire – psychological acculturation”

26
Q

acculturation stress

A 
The variation in and intensity of this stress rests heavily on the similarities or dissimilarities of the host culture and new entrants.
e,g
personal xters
gender, age, sex 
education, skills n values
langauge
psychological
spritual strenghts AND
the political and social attitudes of the hots culture
27
Q

Acculturation Defined

A

socialization: the
adoption of the
behavior patterns of
the surrounding culture

the process of assimilating new ideas into exhisting congnitive structure

28
Q

Acculturation as assimilation

A

minorities expected to let go elements of their native culture, and adopt culture of their new country of settlement (Gordon, 1964)

29
Q

2 measures of acculturation

Unidimensional approach: One-directional
irreversible process on single continuum:

A

adopting new values, beliefs, norms and bhvr of new pop

parts of the native culture are discarded, elements of
the mainstream culture are adopted

30
Q

Bidimensional measure

A

Individuals can successfully develop competency within more than
one culture:

adherence to each of the 2 cultures

31
Q

how do people acculturate

Two key questions:

A
  1. To what extent do people wish to maintain their heritage culture and
    identity?
  2. To what extent do people wish to have contact with those who are outside their group and participate with them in the daily life of the
    larger society?
32
Q

Cultural Maintenance / Contact-Participation how?

2 principles

A

the extend to which an individual/groups value and wish to maintain the xters of their cultural identity

33
Q

Contact-Participation how?

A

the extend which an individuals value and seek to contact members outside their own grps and wish to participate in the daiaily life of the larger socitey

34
Q

relationships sought among grps

A

intergration
seperation
assimilation
marginaliztion

35
Q

attidudes of larger society

A

multiculturalism
melting pot
segration

36
Q

Predict adaptation outcomes minority group members:

A

acculturative stress,

mental & physical health, wellbeing.

37
Q

Best outcomes obtained with Integration,

worst outcomes with Marginalization,

A

Separation & Assimilation yielding

outcomes of intermediate favorability

38
Q

acculturation in terms of values

VS acculturation in terms of culture

A

i.e., concern what is desirable,

identification with one’s own and other
cultural groups – biculturalism (Huynh, Nguyen, &
Benet-Martinez, 2011),

39
Q

terms of culture

A

culture maintenance taps people’s
attitudes toward certain cultural
practices of their group

40
Q

acculturation in terms of values

A

While contact taps intentions to
interact & form relationships with
members of the outgroup
(Ward & Kennedy, 1994, Bourhis et al., 1997)

41
Q

Replace contact dimension:

A

measuring how much ethnic minority members
value culture adoption of dominant
ground

42
Q

when is integration preferred

A

when defined in
terms of contact than in terms of culture
adoption

43
Q

Berry’s model

A
  • focused on immigrant perspective only
  • Contact vs Culture Adoption
  • i
44
Q

Berry’s model

A

.ignores context and intergroup relations dynamics between migrant groups and receiving society (next
class)

.No “best” strategy (later today)
• acculturation strategy as a “choice”
53

45
Q

Interactive Acculturation Model

Bourhis et al., 1997

A

proposes that relational outcomes are the product of the acculturation orientations of both the host majority and immigrant groups as influenced by state integration policies.

46
Q

IAM Interactive Acculturation Model

A

harmonious/consensual, problematic, and conflictual relational outcomes between immigrants and members of the host community . likely to occur

47
Q

CAM Concordance Acculturation Model

A 
Harmonious:
concordance
positive &effective
communication, positive
intergroup attitudes, low
stress, low
discrimination.
48
Q

CMA Concordance Acculturation Model

A 
Harmonious:
concordance
positive &effective
communication, positive
intergroup attitudes, low
stress, low
discrimination.
49
Q

CMA Concordance Types

Harmonious:

A 
positive &effective
communication, positive
intergroup attitudes, low
stress, low
discrimination.
50
Q

Problematic/Conflictual/ partial concordance

A 
- communication; -
stereotypes; 
discriminatory
behaviors, 
acculturative
stress

Intercultural Contact and Cultural Communication (1 decks)

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