100-150 Flashcards
What is Serine?
It is a small grape that mainly can be found in Côte-Rôtie. Many wine books say it is Shiraz, they come for sure from the same heritage, though some studies show it is a grape variety on its own.
How is Zinfandel called in Italy? In Croatia (2vastust)?
Primitivo, Crljenak Kaštelanski, Tribidrag
Which are clonal mutations of Sauvignon Blanc:
a. Sauvignon Gris
b. Sauvignon Vert
c. All of the above
a) Sauvignon Gris
Name the original 6 red grapes of Bordeaux!
Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Malbec, Petit Verdot, Carménère
Pinotage is cross of what grapes? Who made the crossing and when?
Pinot Noit+ Cinsault (formerly known as Hermitage)
Abraham Izak Perold 1925
What is Vin Gris?
White wine, made from red grapes (Pinot Noir in particular)- grapejuice is removed from contact with the skin, and gets a slight pinkish colour from the crushing.
Rondo is a crossing of what grapes?
Zarya Severa (vitis amurensis)+ St Laurent
Which weather phenomenon affects following wine countries / areas:
Humbolt stream, Benguela stream, Gulf stream, Mistral, Alaska current
a. Chile
b. Procence
c. South Africa
d. California
e. Germany
a. Chile Humbolt stream
b. Procence Mistral
c. South Africa Benguela stream
d. California Alaska current
e. Germany Gulf stream
To which district is pruning method called Vara y Pulgar typical of?
Jerez and some other areas in southern Spain
What does a term “franc de pied” mean?
Ungrafted wines (pookimata viinapuud, originaaljuured)
What makes Pédebernade vines planted in Gers, France special?
Pre Phylloxera vineyard that is ~190+ years old
A technique once banned in EU and legalized in 2009- “reverse osmosis” is used for what?
An alcohol adjustment technique, that separates wine into two constituent parts, permeate and retenate. The permeate, which contains water and ethanol, is then distilled to a proper level before being recombined with the retentate- the wine’s aromatic compounds- at a lower percentage of alcohol. In EU it is allowed when alcohol level is not adjusted by more than 2%.
Why French and American oak leave different effect on wine?
French oak is less porous.
French oak is usually split, while american oak is sawn - which releases more vanillin and lactones.
French oak is often air-dried, while american oak is often kiln-dried (ahjus kuivatamine)
In which wine making region following soil types can be found and what is their main composition:
a. Llicorella
b. Terra Rossa
c. Tuffa
d. Galets
e. Kimmeridge
a. Llicorella Priorat, slate
b. Terra Rossa Coonawarra, La Mancha, Italy, red clay
c. Tuffa Tuscany, variety of limestone
d. Galets Chateauneuf-du-Pape, round rocks or pebbles on clay soil
e. Kimmeridge Chablis, calcareous clay containing Kimmeridgian limestone
In which wine making region following soil types can be found and what is their main composition:
f. Boulbène
g. Galestro
h. Greywacke
i. Silex
f. Boulbène Entre-Deux-Mers (Bordeaux), Fine siliceous soil
g. Galestro Tuscany, Schist
h. Greywacke Germany, New Zealand, Sedimentary soil formed by rivers depositing quartz, and mudstone
i. Silex- A flint and sand based soil that is a formed from a mixture of clay, limestone and silica
What gives the colour to famous Terra Rossa soil?
Iron oxide (rust) forming in the clay
How many sun hours a vine needs and how many millimeters of rain?
1300 sun hours; 690-700mm rain
Why is red wine mainly fermented on much higher temperatures than white wine?
Red wines should be fermented between 21-30°C. Red wines should be fermented at higher temperatures to allow for better color extraction, tannin extraction, and to limit fruitiness which is undesirable in most red wines.
Name a yeast that can tolerate alcohol levels of 17–20% and is often used in fortified wine production such as ports and varieties such as Zinfandel and Syrah harvested at high Brix sugar levels
Saccharomyces bayanus
” Black Measles “ is a nickname in California used to describe what ?
Esca
Black rot can be a problem in what weather conditions ?
Warm and humid conditions
Organic winegrowers face the same disease problems as conventional growers. Name the most prevalent disease encountered in organically farmed vineyards?
Powdery Mildew
Name the Vitis Vinifera sorts that are more resistant against Powdery Mildew?
Pinot Noir, Malbec, Merlot, Riesling
Sandgrabe is a nickname for a what?
Vitis Rupestris.
Pierce Disease is spread mostly how?
It is spread mostly by glassy-wings sharpshooter
Flavescence Dorée was first confirmed in what year and in what wine region?
1949 Armagnac
- In Châteauneuf-du-Pape the Guyot training is used for what grape? And what system(s) for other grapes ?
Guyot – Syrah, others goblet or fan shaped two eyed apurs are used.
What are the 4 pruning methods allowed in Champagne?
Chablis system, Cordon system, La taille Guyot, La taille Vallée de la Marne (Pinot Meunier only)
- Dr Alain Carbonneau developed a training system from Geneva double curtain - name it. Where he did that and around what time it happend ?
Lyre - he was a Professor of Viticulture at Montpellier, in Bordeaux. In the 1980´s. Allows good air circulation and sunlight penetration
Name the likely ancient training system used by Egyptians and Romans?
Goblet
Name the only classified and certified biodynamic producer in Medoc, for training they use Double Guyot pruning - médocain style.
Ch. Pontet-Canet
What is Dead Arm?
Fungal disease, sometimes called grape cancer, is a disease of grapes caused by a deep-seated wood rot of the arms or trunk of the grapevine.
What are the „Olmo grapes“? Name the most popular ones!
Olmo grapes are wine and table grape varieties produced by University of California viticulturist Dr. Harold Olmo.
Examples: Ruby Cabernet, Rubired, Emerald Riesling,
What is a refractometer used for?
refractometer is used to measure Brix (soluble solids) - sugar content
In winemaking some winemakers use spinning cones. What does it do for the wine?
If a warm vintage produces grapes with a lot of sugar, the wine alc % can be over 15%, to balance the wine, spinning cones are used to reduce the alc %.
The wine is passed through the column once to distill out the most volatile aroma compounds which are then put to one side while the wine goes through the column a second time at higher temperature to extract alcohol. The aroma compounds are then mixed back into the wine
What is Trichloroanisole?
Cork taint
How can you encourage carbonic maceration?
Instead of crushing the grapes to get juice, the whole berries are put anaerobic environment, the fermentation will start inside every berry naturally– the sugar transformes into alcohol and CO2 (without any added yeast). This results the top berries to explode. (The berries in the bottom will be crushed by the weight of top berries and ferment normally)
Name the sizes of the following oak barrels:
a. Bordeaux Barrique
b. Mosel Fuder
c. Italy Tonneau
a. Bordeaux Barrique (225l)
b. Mosel Fuder (1000 l)
c. Italy Tonneau (550l)
Name the sizes of the following oak barrels:
d. Australia Hogshead
e. Champagne Barrel
f. Kilderkin
d. Australia Hogshead (300l)
e. Champagne Barrel (205l)
f. Kilderkin (823)
What type of wood is traditionally used for Vin Santo?
Chestnut
What is Vendange Verte
Green harvest - thinning the crop
What type of training is usually applied in Chablis nowadays?
Double Guyot
What can occur if you prune too late in the winter?
You will retard its growth, delay the ripening – this adds a risk of frost in the autumn
What will cause millerandage? (ebaühtlane küpsemine kobaras)
It will occur when it’s cold, rainy during flowering season
What will mainly cause fungal diseases to spread?
Spring storms and heavy rain – later warm and humid weather conditions.
What is the main difference (not appareance) of the Downy and Powdery Mildew?
Downy Mildew affects the leaves; Powdery Mildew affects all the green parts – mostly young shoots
What is CuSO4?
Copper Sulphate – Bordeaux mixture used preventing fungal diseases
What grape variety has the following synonyms: Lambrusco Mendoza, Abruzzi grape, Plant Romain, Calabrese, Morellino?
Sangiovese
Is Johannisberg Riesling a synonym for Riesling?
Yes
Who is the creator of Coravin?
Greg Lambrecht
