1.0 Rules for Cadastral Survey 2010, Current Surveyor-General's Rulings & Standard for Lodgement of Cadastral Survey Datasets

Question 1

What is the meaning of “disturbed” in relation to an old survey mark as defined in the RCS 2010 Terms and Definitions?

Answer 1

Means that the mark is in a position different from that originally placed and does not include a change of position due to deep-seated movement

Question 2

What is the meaning of “reinstated” in relation to a survey mark as defined in the RCS 2010 Terms and Definitions?

Answer 2

Means a new survey mark has been placed in the position of a previous survey mark that has not been found

Question 3

Rule 3.2.1 RCS 2010 details requirements for Class A accuracies.
The rules detail two requirements when Class A accuracies have to be used and one when they may be used. Please list these three requirements.

Answer 3

Class A accuracies

(a) must be used for a boundary and its associated boundary points that are:
(i) in an urban area, or
(ii) are intended as a result of a survey to be in an urban area;
(b) must be used for the boundary and the associated boundary points of any parcel that is not in an urban area, but is used, or is intended as a result of a survey to be used, for intensive commercial, industrial, or residential purposes; and
(c) may be used in any other circumstances

Question 4

Rule 5.3 RCS 2010 requires that an area must be assigned to
(i) each primary parcel except where it is a residue parcel or balance parcel. The area must include the areas of all movable marginal strips in that primary parcel,
(ii) each parcel intended for a lease except where the parcel is defined by one or more permanent structure boundaries, and
(iii) each portion of land being claimed as accretion
In assigning an area to a parcel listed above, two requirements under this rule are listed that must be met in assigning the area and one that may be met. Please list these 3 requirements.

Answer 4

(i) must be correctly calculated from its boundary information,
(ii) may be rounded to one part in 1000 or 0.0001 ha, whichever is greater, and
(iii) must not be less than 0.0001 ha.

Question 5

According to Rule 6.1 RCS 2010, what is the duty of a surveyor when defining a boundary by survey?

Answer 5

(a) gather all evidence relevant to the definition of the boundary and its boundary points,
(b) interpret that evidence in accordance with all relevant enactments and rules of law, and
(c) use that evidence to determine the correct position of the boundary and boundary points in relation to other boundaries and boundary points.

Question 6

Rule 6.8 RCS 2010 requires you to meet one of two requirements for a stratum boundary. What are the two requirements?

Answer 6

A stratum boundary must be:

(a) a surface that is mathematically described where at least one point has a reduced level, or
(b) a surface of a water body or the bed of a water body.

Question 7

Rule 7.4.2 RCS 2010 requires a permanent reference mark to be within a specified horizontal distance of at least one boundary point that is required to be witnessed. What is the specified distance for:

i) a Class A boundary point
ii) a Class B boundary point that is not an extensive rural boundary point

Answer 7

i) Class A - 300 metres

ii) Class B - 500 metres

Question 8

Rule 7.4.3 RCS 2010 details requirements relating to Permanent Reference Marks (PRM). The rule states that a PRM must be in a different position to a new boundary point and lists 3 further requirements it must meet in order that it can reasonably be expected to survive and remain useable for at least 50 years. What are these 3 requirements?

Answer 8

(i) made of sufficiently durable material,
(ii) set in sufficiently stable material, and
(iii) located in a suitable position

Question 9

A vector between two old non-boundary survey marks measures 0.10m longer than the distance of 201.98m last recorded in a CSD integrated into the cadastre. Is this difference a conflict in terms of the RCS?

Answer 9

No. The difference of 0.10m between the two distances exceeds the maximum accuracy standard of 0.06m for non-boundary marks that are 201.98m apart [rule 3.1(b)], but this is not a conflict in terms of the RCS. Rule 2 RCS defines ‘conflict’ as relating to boundaries only.

Question 10

Which survey marks are specified by the Surveyor-General as suitable to be used as cadastral survey network marks in cadastral surveys?

Answer 10

A survey mark is suitable for use as a cadastral survey network mark if it has been assigned a NZGD2000 coordinate with a Landonline order 6 or better [LINZR65302]

Question 11

When must bearings in a cadastral survey be oriented in terms of an official geodetic projection?

Answer 11

• When a survey defines or marks a new primary parcel boundary point, unless the survey does not make a new field measurement or if the survey is a boundary reinstatement survey [rule 4.1]
• When a new covenant parcel is being defined in terms of rule 16.3(a) [rule 16.4(a)]
• When the relationship of a non-primary parcel and its underlying parcel is being defined in terms of rule 17.1(a) [rule 17.1(d)(ii)]

Question 12

According to Rule 6.1 RCS, what is the duty of a surveyor when defining a boundary by survey?

Answer 12

(a) to gather all evidence relevant to the definition of the boundary and its boundary points,
(b) to interpret that evidence in accordance with all relevant enactments and rules of law, and
(c) to use that evidence to determine the correct position of the boundary and boundary points in relation to other boundaries and boundary points.

Question 13

What boundaries and boundary points may be accepted under rule 6.3(c) RCS?

Answer 13

Existing boundaries and their associated boundary points that are part of a new primary parcel over 100 ha and are not in common with another new parcel on the survey that is 100 ha or less.

Question 14

Must an adopted boundary point, which is on a primary parcel boundary that is being defined by survey, be witnessed?

Answer 14

Yes. R7.3.1(a) requires every boundary point on a primary parcel boundary that is being defined by survey to be witnessed.

Question 15

What type of CSD is not required to include a survey report?

Answer 15

A monumentation CSD under rule 11 [rule 11.2(f)].

Question 16

Pursuant to rule 8.2(a), what must a survey report contain in relation to old survey marks?

Answer 16

• reasons for not relying on an old survey mark
• information about old survey marks not located or reasons why they were not searched for
• an assessment of the adequacy of the number and location of old survey marks used to define boundaries

Question 17

Pursuant to rule 10.4.8, there are six parcel annotations that must be depicted on the Diagram of Parcels in specific situations. Name any three of these annotations and the situation when each of them is required.

Answer 17

• ‘width unknown’ – existing centreline easement of unknown width
• ‘area not determined by survey’ – parcel area derived from class D boundaries
• ‘Limited as to parcels’ – land in a parcel intended to remain in a title limited as to parcels
• ‘Hawke’s Bay interim title’ – land in a parcel intended to remain in a Hawke’s Bay interim title
• ‘Subject to Part 4A Conservation Act 1987’ – land in a parcel intended for disposal by the Crown, or land already subject to Part 4A Conservation Act 1987
• ‘boundary accepted from existing survey’ – accepted boundary under rule 6.3(c)

Question 18

What is the purpose of the Lodgement Standard, as stated in the Standard?

Answer 18

To set the minimum requirements for lodgement of CSDs to assist with efficient and consistent processing and integration into the cadastre.

Question 19

What facility does the Lodgement Standard designate for receiving CSDs for approval as to survey?

Answer 19

Landonline.

Question 20

What additional information must be included in a survey report under standard 7 of the Lodgement Standard?

Answer 20

Pre-validation reporting – specifically, an assessment of the actions taken to address C-rule conflicts and warning messages, and all adjustment report test failures and warning messages.

Question 21

When must Class A accuracies be used for a boundary and its associated boundary points under rule 3.2.1?

Answer 21

• When they are in an urban area, or are intended as a result of a survey to be in an urban area [rule 3.2.1(a)].
• When they are part of a parcel that is not in an urban area, but is used, or is intended as a result of a survey to be used, for intensive commercial, industrial, or residential purposes [rule 3.2.1(b)].

Question 22

Give an example of when class C accuracies may be used for a primary parcel boundary that incorporates all three key components of rule 3.2.3(a) [i.e. category of boundary definition; parcel area criteria; and the criteria in 3.2.3(a)(iii)-(v)].

Answer 22

Class C accuracies may be used for a primary parcel boundary and its associated boundary points that are defined by adoption where this boundary is either:
(i) part of a new parcel over 20 ha that comprises more than 80 % of the existing primary parcel being extinguished, or
(ii) part of a new parcel over 100 ha,
and
(iii) its boundary points do not meet class B accuracy tolerances in rule 3.3.1(a)(iv), or
(iv) it is part of a title that is to remain limited as to parcels or remain a Hawke’s Bay interim title, or
(v) it is a water boundary or an irregular boundary;

Question 23

What is the horizontal accuracy tolerance (in metres, to two decimal places) between the boundary points at either end of a new 500 metre class B right-line boundary:

(i) at 95% confidence level?
(ii) at the maximum level?

Answer 23

(i) √[0.202 + (500 x 0.0004)2] = 0.28m

(ii) 0.30 + 500 x 0.0006 = 0.60m

Question 24

List the four different parcel types that can be used for unit title development parcels under rule 5.5.2.

Answer 24

i) Principal Unit
ii) Accessory Unit
iii) Future Development Unit
iv) Common Property

Question 25

According to Rule 6.1 RCS, what is the duty of a surveyor when defining a boundary by survey?

Answer 25

(a) to gather all evidence relevant to the definition of the boundary and its boundary points,
(b) to interpret that evidence in accordance with all relevant enactments and rules of law, and
(c) to use that evidence to determine the correct position of the boundary and boundary points in relation to other boundaries and boundary points.

Question 26

There are six exceptions under rule 7.1(a) from the requirement to ground mark, where practicable, each new boundary point on a new primary parcel. List 3 of these exceptions.

Answer 26

Each new boundary point on a new primary parcel, must be marked, where practicable unless:

(i) it is a boundary point that is only between new parcels that are all intended to remain in Crown ownership, or
(ii) it is on a survey under the jurisdiction of the Māori Land Court, or
(iii) it is a boundary point that is only between parcels that are required to be, or as a result of the survey will be required to be, held in common ownership, or
(iv) it is on a boundary where the parcels on each side of that boundary are required to be, or as a result of the survey will be required to be, subject to reciprocal rights of way, or
(v) it is unlikely that it will need to be physically located in the foreseeable future because of the terrain, ground cover, or protected vegetation, or
(vi) the boundary point is readily identifiable by occupation along the boundary.

Question 27

In addition to the heading ‘Schedule of Existing Easements’, what information must be included in a schedule of existing easements under rule 10.2.2(b)?

Answer 27

(i) the easement parcel identifier,
(ii) the purpose of the easement,
(iii) the creating document reference, and
(iv) the servient tenement (burdened land).

Question 28

Ruling LINZR65300 specifies the official geodetic datum and the official geodetic projections approved by the Surveyor-General for use in cadastral surveys. Name the official geodetic datum and one of the official geodetic projections.

Answer 28

New Zealand Geodetic Datum 2000 (NZGD2000)

Any one of the 28 NZGD2000 Transverse Mercator meridional circuit projections listed in LINZR65300 e.g. Mt Pleasant 2000

Question 29

What specific information is required by standard 7 of the Lodgement Standard to be included in a survey report?

Answer 29

An assessment of the actions taken to address C-rule conflicts and warning messages and all adjustment report test failures and warning messages

Question 30

What is the meaning of ‘topology class’ in the Lodgement Standard and name one of the topology classes referred to in the Lodgement Standard?

Answer 30

The class assigned to a parcel in Landonline to indicate what topological rules apply;
primary, secondary, tertiary, strata

Question 31

What is the definition of “reinstated” in relation to a survey mark that applies to all of New Zealand, except for greater Christchurch, as defined in the Rules for Cadastral Survey 2010 Terms and Definitions?

Answer 31

A new survey mark has been placed in the same position of a previous survey mark that has not been found

Question 32

What is the definition of “boundary mark” as defined in the Rules for Cadastral Survey 2010 Terms and Definitions?

Answer 32

A cadastral survey mark positioned at a boundary point

Question 33

When must Class D accuracies be used and when may Class D accuracies be used for a boundary and its associated boundary points as stated in Rule 3.2.4 Rules for Cadastral Survey 2010?

Answer 33

(a) Class D must be used for a boundary or boundary point that has been accepted in terms of rule 6.3.
(b) Class D accuracies may be used for a non-primary parcel boundary and its associated boundary points where this boundary intersects or coincides with a primary parcel boundary that meets the criteria for an accepted boundary in rule 6.3.

Question 34

Rule 5.3(c) Rules for Cadastral Survey 2010 lists three criteria for areas assigned to parcels. What are these three criteria?

Answer 34

(i) must be correctly calculated from its boundary information.
(ii) may be rounded to one part in 1000 or 0.0001 ha, whichever is greater
(iii) must not be less than 0.0001 ha

Question 35

Every new parcel for Maori freehold land must be described in a CSD using a particular sequence as prescribed under Rule 5.5.3(a) Rules for Cadastral Survey 2010. What is this sequence? Also state an alternative that is permitted under Rule 5.5.3(b) Rules for Cadastral Survey 2010?

Answer 35

(i) a block name
(ii) a unique parcel identifier [refer to rule 5.5.4], and
(iii) the type and number of the CSD creating the parcel.
Irrespective of (a), an alternative legal description that has been confirmed by the Maori Land Court may be used for components (i) and (ii).

Question 36

Rule 6.5(a) Rules for Cadastral Survey 2010 requires a parcel boundary to be defined in its horizontal extent by one of five types of boundary. List four of these types of boundaries.

Answer 36

(i) a right-line boundary.
(ii) an arc boundary.
(iii) a water boundary.
(iv) an irregular boundary.
(v) a permanent structure boundary.

Question 37

List the three situations where irregular boundaries are permitted under Rule 6.6 Rules for Cadastral Survey 2010?

Answer 37

(b) An existing irregular boundary that is not a previous water boundary must be converted to one or more right-line boundaries, except that it may remain as an irregular boundary if:
(i) it is accepted in terms of rule 6.3, or
(ii) it is a class C boundary in terms of rule 3.2.3.
(c) Irrespective of (b), the landward boundary of a movable marginal strip or esplanade strip must be an irregular boundary, except where it coincides with an underlying parcel boundary.

Question 38

Rule 7.4.2 Rules for Cadastral Survey 2010 requires at least two permanent reference marks on a cadastral survey to be within a specified distance of at least one boundary point that is required to be witnessed. What is the specified distance for:

(a) a Class A boundary point.
(b) a Class B boundary point that is an extensive rural boundary point.

Answer 38

(a) 300 metres.

(b) 1000 metres.

Question 39

Rule 9.3 Rules for Cadastral Survey 2010 deals with vector information on CSD Plans. What vector information must a CSD Plan include?

Answer 39

(a) the source CSD type and number for each adopted vector, distance, bearing and arc in the CSD,
(b) any bearing adjustments applied to each CSD from which a bearing was adopted in the CSD, and
(c) information identifying whether every bearing, distance and arc included in the CSD Plan has been calculated, measured, or adopted.

Question 40

What additional information must be included in a survey report under Standard 7 of the Standard for Lodgement of Cadastral Survey Datasets 2013?

Answer 40

Pre-validation reporting – specifically, an assessment of the actions taken to address C-rule conflicts and warning messages, and all adjustment report test failures and warning messages.

Question 41

What facility does the Standard for Lodgement of Cadastral Survey Datasets 2013 designate for receiving CSDs for approval as to survey?

Answer 41

Landonline

Question 42

What is the definition of “permanent structure”, as defined in the Rules for Cadastral Survey 2010 Terms and Definitions?

Answer 42

A building or recognisable physical structure that is likely to remain undisturbed for 50 years or more

Question 43

What is the definition of “official geodetic projection” as defined in the Rules for Cadastral Survey 2010 Terms and Definitions?

Answer 43

A projection in terms of an official geodetic datum approved by the Surveyor-General for use in a specific area and in force at the time of the survey

Question 44

What are the minimum widths for new primary parcels at their widest part as described in Rule 5.4(a) Rules for Cadastral Survey 2010?

Answer 44

A new primary parcel must be at least 0.10 m wide at its maximum width where its boundaries are class A, or 0.20 m where its boundaries are class B, C or D”.

Question 45

Rule 6.1 Rules for Cadastral Survey 2010 lists three tasks that a surveyor needs to undertake when defining a boundary by survey. What are these three tasks?

Answer 45

(a) gather all evidence relevant to the definition of the boundary and its boundary points,
(b) interpret that evidence in accordance with all relevant enactments and rules of law, and
(c) use that evidence to determine the correct position of the boundary and the boundary points in relation to other boundaries and boundary points.

Question 46

Rule 7.2(a) Rules for Cadastral Survey 2010 deals with new boundary marks and lists four mark types that are acceptable. List the four acceptable mark types?

Answer 46

(i) a wooden peg, chamfered at the top, with a minimum width of 45 mm and at least 3000mm² in cross section, or
(ii) a post, or
(iii) any other type of peg that is clearly labelled as boundary mark, or
(iv) if (i), (ii) and (iii) are impractical, any other type of mark which must, if practical, be clearly labelled as a boundary mark

Question 47

Must an adopted boundary point, which is on a primary parcel boundary that is being defined by survey, be witnessed?

Answer 47

Yes. Rule 7.3.1(a) Rules for Cadastral Survey 2010 requires that “every boundary point on a primary parcel boundary that is being defined by survey” must be witnessed.

Question 48

Rule 7.5(a) Rules for Cadastral Survey 2010 deals with unique survey mark names and lists two types of marks that must be given a name. What are these two types of marks that must be given a name?

Answer 48

(i) a new PRM, new witness mark or new non-boundary survey point, and
(ii) a renewed, reinstated or disturbed PRM, witness mark, or non-boundary mark.

Question 49

When compiling a survey report for a CSD, pursuant to Rule 8.2(a) Rules for Cadastral Survey 2010, what must the survey report contain in relation to old survey marks?

Answer 49

(i) reasons for not relying on an old survey mark,
(ii) information about old survey marks not located or reasons why they were not searched for,
(iii) an assessment of the adequacy of the number and location of old survey marks used to define boundaries.

Question 50

Rule 9.4 Rules for Cadastral Survey 2010 deals with boundary information on CSD Plans. What boundary information must a CSD Plan include?

Answer 50

(a) the accuracy class of each boundary,
(b) the source CSD type and number for each adopted permanent structure boundary, adopted water boundary, and adopted irregular boundary, including where these are accepted, and
(c) a description of the physical feature where it defines a water boundary.

Question 51

Rule 4.6 Standard for Lodgement of Cadastral Survey Datasets 2013 lists three survey information details that need to be captured in the header of the CSD. What are these three survey information details?

Answer 51

(a) dataset description, which includes
(i) parcel appellations for all new primary parcels,
(ii) the survey purpose for land transfer CSDs, and
(iii) the legal description of the land under survey for land transfer CSDs;
(b) survey purpose;
(c) dataset type.

Question 52

What is the definition of an “irregular boundary”, as defined in the Rules for Cadastral Survey 2010 Terms and Definitions?

Answer 52

A boundary that is depicted as an irregular line but is not a water boundary

Question 53

What is the definition of a “cadastral survey network mark”, as defined in the Rules for Cadastral Survey 2010 Terms and Definitions?

Answer 53

A survey mark of a class specified by the Surveyor-General as suitable for the connection of a cadastral survey to the national survey control network

Question 54

Class B accuracies must be used for a boundary and its associated boundary points except in two situations as stated in Rule 3.2.2 Rules for Cadastral Survey 2010. What are these two situations?

Answer 54

(a) rule 3.2.1 requires class A to be used, or

(b) class C or class D is used in accordance with rules 3.2.3 and 3.2.4

Question 55

Rule 5.3(c) Rules for Cadastral Survey 2010 lists three considerations for showing areas accurately to parcels. What are these three considerations?

Answer 55

(i) must be correctly calculated from its boundary information
(ii) may be rounded to one part in 1000 or 0.0001 ha, whichever is greater
(iii) must not be less than 0.0001 ha

Question 56

List the four different parcel types that can be used for unit title development parcels under Rule 5.5.2 Rules for Cadastral Survey 2010

Answer 56

Principal Unit
Accessory Unit
Future Development Unit
Common Property

Question 57

Rule 6.1 Rules for Cadastral Survey 2010 lists three duties of a surveyor when defining a boundary by survey. What are these three duties?

Answer 57

(a) gather all evidence relevant to the definition of the boundary and its boundary points,
(b) interpret that evidence in accordance with all relevant enactments and rules of law, and
(c) use that evidence to determine the correct position of the boundary and the boundary points in relation to other boundaries and boundary points.

Question 58

A stratum boundary must meet two criteria, as stated in Rule 6.8 Rules for Cadastral Survey 2010. What are these two criteria?

Answer 58

(a) a surface that is mathematically described where at least one point has a reduced level, or
(b) a surface of a water body or the bed of a water body.

Question 59

Rule 7.3.2 Rules for Cadastral Survey 2010 requires at least one witness mark on a cadastral survey to be within the applicable horizontal distance for each of the boundary points specified. What is the specified distance for:

(a) a Class A boundary point?
(b) a Class C boundary point?

Answer 59

(a) 150 metres.

(b) 1000 metres.

Question 60

In addition to the heading ‘Memorandum of Easements’ or ‘Schedule of Easements’, what information must be included in a new schedule under Rule 10.2.1(b) Rules for Cadastral Survey 2010?

Answer 60

(i) the easement parcel identifier,
(ii) the purpose of the easement,
(iii) the servient tenement (burdened land), and
(iv) the dominant tenement (benefited land) or grantee as appropriate

Question 61

The retention of all relevant field information for a CSD is covered in Rule 14(b) of the Rules for Cadastral Survey 2010. What is the minimum period that this field information needs to be retained and who may request that information during that time?

Answer 61

Be retained for a period of at least seven years from certification and made available to the Surveyor-General or the Chief Executive on request

Question 62

What is the purpose of the Lodgement Standard, as specified in the Standard for Lodgement of Cadastral Survey Datasets 2013?

Answer 62

The standard sets the minimum requirements for the lodgement of cadastral survey datasets to assist with efficient and consistent processing and integration into the cadastre

Question 63

What is the definition of “live parcel”, as defined in the Standard for Lodgement of Cadastral Survey Datasets 2013 Terms and Definition?

Answer 63

A parcel in a CSD that has been approved by the tenure system manager (eg, deposited) and recorded in the live layer in Landonline