10- Meningitis Flashcards

1
Q

What are common causative organisms for meningitis in neonates?

A

E.coli, Group B streptococcus, Listeria monocytogenes

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2
Q

What are the most common causative organisms for meningitis in children?

A

Haemophilia influenzae type B, neisseria meningitidis

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3
Q

What are the most common causative organisms for meningitis in the elderly?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae, listeria monocytogenes

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4
Q

What are risk factors for meningitis infection?

A

CSF defects, spinal procedures, endocarditis, diabetes, alcoholism, splenectomy, crowded housing

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5
Q

What are the clinical features making up the meningism triad?

A

Headache, neck stiffness, photophobia

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6
Q

What clinical features can be seen in meningitis?

A

Meningism with fever, flu-like symptoms, seizure, rash, joint pains, drowsiness

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7
Q

What other signs may also be seen in babies?

A

Inconsolable crying poor feeding, rigidity/floppiness, bulging fontanelle (late sign)

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8
Q

What is the pathophysiology of meningitis?

A

Bacteria enter circulation, damaging vessel in brain and entering subarachnoid space. They then multiply and produce purulent CSF and meningeal inflammation

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9
Q

What investigations could be carried out if you suspect meningitis?

A

Bloods and culture, lumbar puncture, maybe chest X-ray or urine culture looking for infective cause

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10
Q

How will the lumbar puncture findings present in bacterial meningitis?

A

Cloudy CSF, high protein (primarily neutrophils), high white cell, low glucose

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11
Q

How will the findings of a lumbar puncture appear in viral meningitis?

A

Clear or cloudy, proteins normal or raised, high white cells (primarily lymphocytes), normal glucose

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12
Q

What supportive and medical treatments are considered in bacterial meningitis?

A

Supportive: analgesia, antipyretic, fluids
Medical: IV ceftriaxone, dexamethasone

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13
Q

Why might you give dexamethasone in meningitis?

A

To prevent hearing loss by reducing swelling of vestibulocochlear nerve or cochlea

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14
Q

Which drugs would you give for viral meningitis caused by a herpes virus and cytomegalovirus?

A

Herpes: Aciclovir
CMV: ganciclovir

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