1.0 Memory and Storage systems Flashcards
What is RAM?
RAM stands for Random Access Memory. It is a type of computer memory that stores data temporarily while your computer is running. RAM is very fast and allows your computer to juggle multiple programs at the same time. However, RAM is volatile, which means it loses all its stored data when the power is turned off. This is why you lose unsaved work if your computer suddenly shuts down.
What is ROM?
ROM stands for Read-Only Memory. Unlike RAM, ROM is non-volatile, meaning it retains its data even when the power is turned off. ROM is used to store essential information that your computer needs to start up, such as firmware (software that controls hardware) and the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System), which is the first software that runs when you turn on your computer.
What is SRAM?
SRAM stands for Static Random Access Memory. It is a type of RAM that is very fast and expensive. SRAM is used in high-speed applications, such as CPU caches, where quick access to data is crucial. Unlike DRAM, SRAM does not need to be constantly refreshed to retain its data, making it faster but also more costly.
What is DRAM?
DRAM stands for Dynamic Random Access Memory. It is slower and cheaper than SRAM. DRAM needs to be refreshed constantly to retain its data, which makes it more “high-maintenance.” There are many types of DRAM, such as FPM DRAM, EDO DRAM, SDRAM, and DDR SDRAM. The most common types today are DDR4 and DDR5, which are faster and more efficient than older versions.
What is GDDR?
GDDR stands for Graphics Double Data Rate. It is a specialized type of DRAM optimized for graphics processing units (GPUs). GDDR is designed to handle the massive parallel processing needs of GPUs, providing faster data transfer rates. The most widely used version today is GDDR6, which is commonly found in modern graphics cards.
What is Firmware?
Firmware is a type of software that is stored in ROM. It controls how hardware devices communicate with each other. Firmware is essential for the basic functioning of devices, such as printers, routers, and even your computer’s BIOS. Unlike regular software, firmware is not easily changed or updated by the user.
What is BIOS?
BIOS stands for Basic Input/Output System. It is the first software that runs when you turn on your computer. The BIOS is responsible for starting up your computer, initializing hardware components (like the CPU and RAM), and handing control over to the operating system. Without the BIOS, your computer wouldn’t know how to start or communicate with its hardware.
What is an HDD?
HDD stands for Hard Disk Drive. It is a type of storage device that has been around for a long time. HDDs store data on spinning magnetic disks and are known for their large storage capacities at a relatively low cost. However, they are slower than SSDs and consume more power. HDDs are commonly used for storing large amounts of data, such as movies, photos, and backups.
What is an SSD?
SSD stands for Solid State Drive. Unlike HDDs, SSDs use NAND-based flash memory to store data. This makes them much faster, more durable, and more energy-efficient than HDDs. However, SSDs are more expensive per gigabyte of storage. SSDs are ideal for improving the speed of your computer, especially for tasks like booting up the operating system or loading applications.
What is NVMe?
NVMe stands for Non-Volatile Memory Express. It is a high-performance interface designed for SSDs. Unlike traditional SSDs that use the SATA interface, NVMe SSDs connect directly to the CPU via PCIe lanes. This allows for much lower latency and significantly faster data transfer rates, making NVMe SSDs the fastest storage option available today.
What is a Flash Drive?
A Flash Drive, also known as a USB drive or thumb drive, is a small, portable storage device that you can plug into any USB port. Flash drives are easy to use and perfect for transferring files between computers. They use flash memory to store data, making them fast, durable, and reusable. Flash drives are commonly used for backups, file sharing, and transporting data.
What is an SD Card?
An SD Card (Secure Digital Card) is a small storage device commonly used in cameras, smartphones, and other portable devices. Despite their small size (smaller than a postage stamp), SD cards can store thousands of files, such as photos, videos, and music. SD cards come in three main physical sizes: SD, microSD, and miniSD. They are widely used for expanding the storage capacity of devices.
What is the difference between RAM and ROM?
RAM (Random Access Memory) is volatile, meaning it loses its data when the power is turned off. It is used for temporary storage while the computer is running.
ROM (Read-Only Memory) is non-volatile, meaning it retains its data even when the power is off. It is used for storing essential information, like firmware and the BIOS, that the computer needs to start up.
What is the difference between HDD and SSD?
HDD (Hard Disk Drive) uses spinning magnetic disks to store data. It is slower, consumes more power, and is less durable than SSDs, but it offers larger storage capacities at a lower cost.
SSD (Solid State Drive) uses NAND-based flash memory to store data. It is faster, more energy-efficient, and more durable than HDDs, but it is more expensive per gigabyte of storage.
