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Bioscience > 10. Endocrine System (Semi-complete) > Flashcards

10. Endocrine System (Semi-complete) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main function of the endocrine system?

A

Secrete hormones

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2
Q

Are Endocrine glands ductless?

Yes or No

A

Yes

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3
Q

Using hormones, what aspects does the endocrine system control within your body?

A
  • Reproduction
  • Growth & Development
  • Maintence of electrolytes, water, nutrient balance in blood
  • regulation of cellular metabolism & balance of energy
  • Metabolism of body defences (immunity)
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4
Q

How are the hormones transported?

A

Released into the bloodstream or lymph. (long distance chemical signals)

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5
Q

There are 2 types of hormone groups, what are these?

A
  1. Amino acid based (water soluble)

2. Steroids (lipid soluble)

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6
Q

Name 3 types of amino acid hormones:

T
I
G

A

Thyroid
Inslulin
Glucagon

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7
Q

Name 4 types of steroid hormones?

A
C
T
E

A

Aldostone
Cortisol
Testosterone
Estrogen

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8
Q

Water soluble hormones (amino acid hormones) act on specfic receptors in the ___ ___ which triggers a response inside the cell. Find the missing word.

A

Plasma Membrane:

Water soluble hormones (amino acid hormones) act on specfic receptors in the Plasma Membrane Find the missing word.

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9
Q

Lipid soluble hormones (steroid hormones) act on specific receptors inside the ___ which triggers a response by the cell. Find the missing word.

A

Cell

Lipid soluble hormones (steroid hormones) act on specific receptors inside the cell which triggers a response by the cell. Find the missing word.

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10
Q

The posterior division of the pituitary gland is made up of what type of tissue?

A

nervous

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11
Q

The anterior division of the pituitary gland is made up of what type of tissue?

A

glandular

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12
Q

There is a drop in concentration of calcium in the blood, which is where the parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormones to restore homeostasis, what type of hormonal stimulus is this?

A

Humoral Stimulus

i.e Hormone release caused by altered levels of certain critical ions or nutrients. (changing levels of substance within blood)

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13
Q

In stressful situations that iniate a flight or fight response, the nervous system firbers stimuate the adrenal medulla to secrete epinerine or norepineprine, what type of hormonal stimulis is this?

A

Nueral Stimluli

i.e Nerve firbre hormone release

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14
Q

Hormones that stimulate other endocrine orgrans to release hormones is what type of hormonal stimulus?

A

Hormonal Stimuli

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15
Q

Major endocrine gland recieves messages from various aspects of the brain, internal organs, retina and also secretes to hormones to accordingly?

A

Hypothalamus

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16
Q

Name the 10 different organs/glands within the endocrine system.

A
  1. Pineal Gland
  2. Hypothalamus
  3. Pituitary Gland
  4. Thyroid Gland
  5. Parathyroid Gland
  6. Thymus
  7. Adrenal Glands
  8. Pancreas
  9. Ovary
  10. Testies
17
Q

What are the 2 the targets and actions of oxytocin?

A

Targets: uterus/mammary glands
Actions: Contractions for childbirth (stimulating by stretching of cervix) & milk ejection (stimulated by nipple sucking)

18
Q

What is the target and action for the Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)?

A

Target: Kidneys
Action: Increase water reabsorption back into blood.

19
Q

What is the target and action for prolactin (PL)?

A

Target: Mammary Glands
Action: Promotes lactation

How to remember: Titty juice

20
Q

What is the target and action for follicle stimulating hormone?

A

Target - Ovaries & testies

Action - Egg & Sperm Production

21
Q

What is the target and action for growth hormone?

A

Target - Muscles, bones, body tissues
Action - Promotes Growth

Growth = Strength - think of a body builder :D

22
Q

What is the target and action for Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)?

A

Target - Thyroid Gland

Action - Produce thyroid hormones

23
Q

What is the target and action for Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)?

A

Target: Adrenal Cortex
Action: Secrete Cortisol

24
Q

What is the target and action for luteinising hormone?

A

Target: Ovaries & testes
Action: Ovaries (ovulation & oestrogen & progesterone production), Testes - Testosterone production

25
Q

Where is the thyroid gland located?

A

Anterior region of neck (Trachea).

26
Q

What is the major action of thyroid hormones T4 & T3,

A

Target all body cells to regulate basal metabolic rate of cell, contribute to normal tissue growth & development.

27
Q

___ must be present in blood for production of thyroid hormone. What is the electrolyte that must be present and what are some sources?

A

Iodine must be present in blood for production of thyroid hormone, found in sushi, seafood, seaweed, eggs & iodised salt.

28
Q

Where are the adrenal glands located?

A

At the top of kidneys.

29
Q

What is the trigger and target tissue for the release of aldosterone?

A

Trigger: Stimulated by decrease in blood volume/BP, decrease in blood sodium concerntration
Target Tissue: Kidneys

30
Q

name the main hormones secreted from adrenal medulla (Short term stress), & name 3 examples of short term stress?

A

Epinephrine (Adrenalin)
Norepinephine (noadrenalin)
- Increased heart rate
- Vasoconstriction causing increased blood pressure
- Bronchioles dilate
- Liver deposits glucose into blood
- Diverts blood flow to key organs (eg heart and muscles

Bioscience (10 decks)

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