10. Endocrine System (Semi-complete) Flashcards
What is the main function of the endocrine system?
Secrete hormones
Are Endocrine glands ductless?
Yes or No
Yes
Using hormones, what aspects does the endocrine system control within your body?
- Reproduction
- Growth & Development
- Maintence of electrolytes, water, nutrient balance in blood
- regulation of cellular metabolism & balance of energy
- Metabolism of body defences (immunity)
How are the hormones transported?
Released into the bloodstream or lymph. (long distance chemical signals)
There are 2 types of hormone groups, what are these?
- Amino acid based (water soluble)
2. Steroids (lipid soluble)
Name 3 types of amino acid hormones:
T
I
G
Thyroid
Inslulin
Glucagon
Name 4 types of steroid hormones?
A
C
T
E
Aldostone
Cortisol
Testosterone
Estrogen
Water soluble hormones (amino acid hormones) act on specfic receptors in the ___ ___ which triggers a response inside the cell. Find the missing word.
Plasma Membrane:
Water soluble hormones (amino acid hormones) act on specfic receptors in the Plasma Membrane Find the missing word.
Lipid soluble hormones (steroid hormones) act on specific receptors inside the ___ which triggers a response by the cell. Find the missing word.
Cell
Lipid soluble hormones (steroid hormones) act on specific receptors inside the cell which triggers a response by the cell. Find the missing word.
The posterior division of the pituitary gland is made up of what type of tissue?
nervous
The anterior division of the pituitary gland is made up of what type of tissue?
glandular
There is a drop in concentration of calcium in the blood, which is where the parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormones to restore homeostasis, what type of hormonal stimulus is this?
Humoral Stimulus
i.e Hormone release caused by altered levels of certain critical ions or nutrients. (changing levels of substance within blood)
In stressful situations that iniate a flight or fight response, the nervous system firbers stimuate the adrenal medulla to secrete epinerine or norepineprine, what type of hormonal stimulis is this?
Nueral Stimluli
i.e Nerve firbre hormone release
Hormones that stimulate other endocrine orgrans to release hormones is what type of hormonal stimulus?
Hormonal Stimuli
Major endocrine gland recieves messages from various aspects of the brain, internal organs, retina and also secretes to hormones to accordingly?
Hypothalamus
Name the 10 different organs/glands within the endocrine system.
- Pineal Gland
- Hypothalamus
- Pituitary Gland
- Thyroid Gland
- Parathyroid Gland
- Thymus
- Adrenal Glands
- Pancreas
- Ovary
- Testies
What are the 2 the targets and actions of oxytocin?
Targets: uterus/mammary glands
Actions: Contractions for childbirth (stimulating by stretching of cervix) & milk ejection (stimulated by nipple sucking)
What is the target and action for the Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)?
Target: Kidneys
Action: Increase water reabsorption back into blood.
What is the target and action for prolactin (PL)?
Target: Mammary Glands
Action: Promotes lactation
How to remember: Titty juice
What is the target and action for follicle stimulating hormone?
Target - Ovaries & testies
Action - Egg & Sperm Production
What is the target and action for growth hormone?
Target - Muscles, bones, body tissues
Action - Promotes Growth
Growth = Strength - think of a body builder :D
What is the target and action for Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)?
Target - Thyroid Gland
Action - Produce thyroid hormones
What is the target and action for Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)?
Target: Adrenal Cortex
Action: Secrete Cortisol
What is the target and action for luteinising hormone?
Target: Ovaries & testes
Action: Ovaries (ovulation & oestrogen & progesterone production), Testes - Testosterone production
Where is the thyroid gland located?
Anterior region of neck (Trachea).
What is the major action of thyroid hormones T4 & T3,
Target all body cells to regulate basal metabolic rate of cell, contribute to normal tissue growth & development.
___ must be present in blood for production of thyroid hormone. What is the electrolyte that must be present and what are some sources?
Iodine must be present in blood for production of thyroid hormone, found in sushi, seafood, seaweed, eggs & iodised salt.
Where are the adrenal glands located?
At the top of kidneys.
What is the trigger and target tissue for the release of aldosterone?
Trigger: Stimulated by decrease in blood volume/BP, decrease in blood sodium concerntration
Target Tissue: Kidneys
name the main hormones secreted from adrenal medulla (Short term stress), & name 3 examples of short term stress?
Epinephrine (Adrenalin)
Norepinephine (noadrenalin)
- Increased heart rate
- Vasoconstriction causing increased blood pressure
- Bronchioles dilate
- Liver deposits glucose into blood
- Diverts blood flow to key organs (eg heart and muscles
