10 Diet supplements Flashcards
Mechanism of Omega 3 in Dry eye (3 marks)
Inhibit the production of inflammatory cytokines
Restore lipid layer by clearing meibomian glands
Increase tear secretion by the lacrimal gland
AREDS formular and dosage
Beta-Carotene: 15mg
Vitamin C: 500mg
Vitamin E: 400IU
Zinc: 80mg
Copper: 2mg
AREDS 1 formular and dosage
Beta-Carotene: 15mg
Vitamin C: 500mg
Vitamin E: 400IU
Zinc: 80mg
Copper: 2mg
Result of AREDS 1:
Visual acuity outcome
Progression to Advanced AMD
Visual acuity Outcome:
Placebo: 29% decrease ≥3 lines of acuity
Antioxidants+Zinc: 23% decrease ≥3 lines
6% ARR or 20% RRR
Progression to Advanced AMD
Placebo: 28% progressed
Antioxidants: 20% progressed
8% ARR vs 28% RRR
Purpose and Results of AREDS 2:
Purpose:
Study the effect of adding lutein, zeaxanthin
Study the effect of adding omega 3
Study the effect of removing beta carotene
Study the effect of reducing zinc
Results:
No additional improvement from adding lutein and
zeaxanthin and omega omega-3.
Lutein and zeaxanthin can replace beta beta-carotene.
Lowering zinc from 80mg to 25mg had no effect on AMD
progression rate
AREDS 2 Formula:
Vitamin C 500mg
Vitamin E 400IU
Zinc 80/25mg
Copper 2mg
Lutein 10mg
Zeaxanthin 2mg
Natural source for:
Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Zinc, Lutein and Zeaxanthin
Vitamin C: broccoli, fruits
Vitamin E: nuts, green vegetables, avocado
Lutein and Zeaxanthin: green vegetables
Zinc: meat, nuts, spinach
which 2 genes are associated with AMD (Carl et al.,)
CFH (antioxidant better) and ARMS2 (Zinc better)
not sure, just refer to lecture slides
Main Side effects of taking Vitamin C, Vitamin E,
Zinc, Copper, Betacarotene, Lutein, Zeaxanthin
Vitamin C:
Kidney stone (in high dose)
GI disturbance
Vitamin E:
Increase bleeding risk (contraindicated in px on blood thinners)
prostate cancer
GI disturbance
Zinc:
increased risk of genitourinary complication
and anemia
GI tract issue
copper deficiency
Copper: (no worry much because the dosage is just to balance zinc)
Stomach upset
Metallic taste
headache
kidney dmg
interference with zinc absorption
Betacarotene
lung cancer in smoker
lutein
Crystalline maculopathy
headache, confusion, slurred speech
sudden vision loss, tunnel vision
Zeaxanthin
yellowing of skin
AREDS drug interactions
Anticoagulants increase the risk of bleeding with Vitamin E
The cholesterol-lowering drug reduces fat soluble (Vitamin E) absorption
what nutrient is associated with a lower risk of sight-threatening DR
500mg of Omega 3
2 serving of oily fish a week
low risk of DR:
Vitamin B6 from food
Vitamin C from fruit
What vitamins benefit glaucoma
Vitamin A and C> open-angle glaucoma
Dark grey leaf vegetables also help: Vitamin A and C and nitrate
Flavonoids may improve ocular blood flow
Forskolin may reduce IOP
Effect of nutrients on RP
Vitamin A
No benefit on the progression of visual field loss or
visual acuity loss.
Small protective effect on ERG amplitude decline.
DHA
No significant benefit found
Lycium barbarum
N=42 RP subjects
VA (both high and low contrast) was significantly
better preserved in the treatment group than the
placebo group
Thinning of the macula was observed in the placebo
group, but not the LB group.
No significant difference for VF or ERG.
