10. Demography Flashcards
Birth rate
Number of live births per year
Total Fertility Rate
Average number of women who have children in their fertile years
REASONS FOR CHANGES IN BIRTH RATES:
Women’s position
Legal equality and more education
More women in paid employment
Women’s role in the family has changed
REASONS FOR CHANGES IN BIRTH RATES:
Declining in fact mortality rate
Number of infants that die before age 1
In the past it was higher due to sanitation, drinking water, access to medicines and food
REASONS FOR CHANGES IN BIRTH RATES:
Children are economic liabilities
They’re expensive
Ban on child labour
REASONS FOR CHANGES IN BIRTH RATES:
Child centres
Increasing centres in family and society
Families spend more quality time with fewer kids
IMPACT OF CHANGES IN FERTILITY AND BIRTH RATE:
1. The Family
Most couples are dual earners, larger income means afford childcare
IMPACT OF CHANGES IN FERTILITY AND BIRTH RATE:
2. Public Services
Low birth rate means we need less schools
Has implications for housing types
IMPACT OF CHANGES IN FERTILITY AND BIRTH RATE:
3. Dependancy Ratio
Elderly and Kids
Infant mortality rate
Number of children who die before age 1
Death rate
How many people die annually
IMPACT OF THE AGEING POPULATION:
1. Pensioners
Increased amount of pensioners
Their houses account for 14% of all houses
Most are females as they outlive males
IMPACT OF CHANGES IN FERTILITY AND BIRTH RATE:
2. The older dependants require extra services
Health care
The working generation must care for the elderly, putting a strain on economy
IMPACT OF CHANGES IN FERTILITY AND BIRTH RATE:
3. Public Services
Older people consumer more services like the NHS and Social Care
We should be aware of overgeneralising good health
In addition to increased expenditure on the NHS on the ageing population it may also mean policy changes
Structural Dependancy
Pensioners are reliant on the state and on the family
